ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook i DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE Ahmadu Bello University HANDBOOK Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook ii © 2023 Distance Learning Centre, ABU Zaria, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the Director, Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. First published 2018 Published and Printed by Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tel: 08065949711 abupress@abu.edu.ng info@abupress.com.ng Website: www.abupress.com.ng ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook iii FOREWORD Whereas the Distance Learning Centre Prospectus covers all aspects of the Distance Learning delivery in Ahmadu Bello University, the DLC Bachelor of Nursing Science (B.NSc.) Student Handbook is designed to give you an overview of the Bachelor of Nursing Science (B.NSc.) by Distance Learning in the Ahmadu Bello University. A Handbook of this nature is a must read for you. It provides useful information on the nature, orientation and scope of the Bachelor of Nursing Science (B.NSc.) programme as well as highlights the uniqueness of this delivery modality. As you opt for the distance learning mode to acquire a Bachelor of Science degree in Bachelor of Nursing Science (B.NSc.), we shall strive to make your learning experience a memorable one. I urge you to commit, discipline and submit yourself to the demand of distance education. This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any

This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook iv CONTENTS Copyright page……………………………………………... ii Table of Contents…………………………………………... iv PART 1: General Information ... ... ... 1 1.1 Principal Officers of the University ... ... 2 1.2 Visitor, Principal Officers, Deans and Directors ... 3 1.3 Historical Perspective ... ... ... ... 6 1.6 University Administration ... ... ... 10 1.7 Faculties, Institutes, Centres and Schools ... ... 12 PART 2 Distance Learning Centre ... ... ... 14 2.1 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 15 2.2 Distance Learning Centre Academic Calendar … 20 2.3 Deployment of Distance Learning Programmes ... 22 2.4 Studying as a Distance Learner … … … 25 2.11 Waiver and Deferment Guidelines … … 36 PART 3 Bachelor of Nursing Science … … 43 3.1 Overview … … … … … … 44 3.2 Philosophy, Vision and Mission of the Programme 44 3.3 Duration of study … … … … … 46 3.4 Aims & Objective of the programme … … 46 3.5 Admission requirement … … … … 46 3.6 Registration of students on admission … … 47 3.7 Graduation requirement … … … … 47 3.8 Programme/Course Structure … … … 49 3.9 Programme Delivery … … … … 57 3.10 Assessment Modality … … … … 57 3.11 Competences of the

requirement … … … … 46 3.6 Registration of students on admission … … 47 3.7 Graduation requirement … … … … 47 3.8 Programme/Course Structure … … … 49 3.9 Programme Delivery … … … … 57 3.10 Assessment Modality … … … … 57 3.11 Competences of the Graduates … … … 58 3.12 Safe Practicals in the Clinical Setting … … 61 3.13 Examination Result and Grading System … 63 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy … … 66 ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook v PART I General Information ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook vi ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 1 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 2 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Malam Adamu Fika, CFR Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Danladi A. Ameh Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 3 1.2 VISITOR, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEANS AND DIRECTORS Visitor: Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vic- Chancellor (Academic): Professor.

of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vic- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 4 Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar Farouq Yaya Director, Directorate of University Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre:

Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 5 Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law: Dr. Salim Bashir Magashi Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences:

Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 6 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded in Samaru, Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria

Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 7 As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institutionhas since inception been under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (1975-1978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (1986-1991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991- 1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004- 2009), Professor Abdullahi Mustapha (2009-2015), Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Prof.essor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and

Garba (2015-2020) and currently Prof.essor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 8 The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental re- organisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production

corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 9 Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 10 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other

and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in- Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 11 University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. The University Senate building ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 12 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences

1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 13 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 14 PART II Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 15 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been

for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 14 PART II Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 15 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus-based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting ABU Distance

Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 16 on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional income by means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 17 The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing

Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 17 The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and e- Learning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 18 Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the

Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 19 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 20 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferments ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 21 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations

OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferments ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 21 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. International Studies, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 22 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the

prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 23 the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face

on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of relevant Discussion questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 24 iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for

Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 25 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student- student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common room. The Liaison Offices shall be administered by an Administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will

Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will be working ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 26 through specially prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills that would assist you in studying independently. A. Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of

important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 27 Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to read between the lines and beyond the lines; 5. You must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well,

unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write well by imitating good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 28 iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are reading. Therefore, you need the skill of note taking and note making. When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; 3. be consistent in note taking; 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need

children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will make study more appropriate and effective such as: ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 29 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while you are studying because notes may not be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 30 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh

3. Underline important points. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 30 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing, drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. i. Start early To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact your first day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 31 iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in

Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand-outs or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials to learn for examinations. v. Revise Revise for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 32 revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not

Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 32 revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You are learning the facts for the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should

You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 33 E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time

another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 34 examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well- focused conclusion. 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 35 Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct

For Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 35 Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 36 1. Read and fully understand the examination regulations 2. Be sure of

most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 36 1. Read and fully understand the examination regulations 2. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well- structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 37 *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October

paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 37 *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment application is abudlc- edu.ng 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be forwarded at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 38 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. *Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/ statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos

rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester – whichever is more convenient for you. - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 39 - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies

Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 39 - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 40 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System)

Student Handbook 40 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e- tutors shall be made available to you. - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 41 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This

the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 42 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. - = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU Distance

distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. - = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 43 PART III Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 44 3.1 OVERVIEW The Distance Learning Centre (DLC) has established academic requirements that apply to all students working towards a first degree in Nursing that are consistent with the standards set by the National Universities Commission (NUC). These requirements reflect the Centre’s commitment to a broad-based quality education. The main components of this programme are: (a) Core Curricular; in which students concentrate their studies and receive degrees. (b) Electives; which permit students to take courses of their own choice in consultation with their academic advisors. (c) General Studies; which acquaint students with the foundation of general education in science, social sciences and humanities, as well as inculcating in the undergraduate students the essence of nationalism and morality. To be admitted to the B.NSc. Degree course, candidate must have satisfied the prescribed minimum conditions of the University for admission to the degree courses and fulfill the requirements of direct entry or University matriculation examination (UME). At the beginning of each academic year, all students register at both the Departmental level and University level. This is in accordance with the rules made from time to time by the University senate. 3.2 PHILOSOPHY, VISION AND MISSION OF THE PROGRAMME Philosophy: The philosophy of the nursing degree programmes takes cognizance of the philosophy of health services and nursing education for Nigeria. The Distance Learning delivery is geared ABU

in accordance with the rules made from time to time by the University senate. 3.2 PHILOSOPHY, VISION AND MISSION OF THE PROGRAMME Philosophy: The philosophy of the nursing degree programmes takes cognizance of the philosophy of health services and nursing education for Nigeria. The Distance Learning delivery is geared ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 45 towards ensuring improved access and flexibility to guarantee lifelong learning. The Nursing profession believes that: (i) Man is a bio-psycho-social being and his need are the focus of all nursing activities. Man is a family and families make up communities. (ii) The health care system exist to meet the needs of consumers of health care by providing primary, secondary, and tertiary health care to ensure that individuals, families, groups and communities are assisted to maintain a high level of wellness. The profession believes that Primary Health care is the key to attainment of health for all. The belief is bases on: (i) The human environment is a major factor in man’s health status. It is therefore necessary to conceptualise the individual and environment as open system engaged in continuous dynamic interaction. (ii) University education is the key to the growth of the profession. Optimal Profession nursing education can be achieved in an institution of higher learning that provides a foundation for general education in the various sciences and arts. (iii) Nursing is a science that is bases on the knowledge of behaviour that enables changes in the climate system to be monitored by utilizing the scientific method of inquiry whilst providing nursing intervention to individuals, families, groups and communities at the primary, secondary and tertiary level of health care. (iv) Professional nursing education is built upon a theoretical base that seek to develop continuous self-directed practitioners who will advance and

be monitored by utilizing the scientific method of inquiry whilst providing nursing intervention to individuals, families, groups and communities at the primary, secondary and tertiary level of health care. (iv) Professional nursing education is built upon a theoretical base that seek to develop continuous self-directed practitioners who will advance and test knowledge on which practice is based. Current health care demands ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 46 require an innovative approach in professional preparation, and a curriculum that is responsive to the changing health needs of the society. 3.3 DURATION OF THE STUDY The B.NSc programme is an 8 semester course for students that enter the programme through direct entry and begin from 200 level. 3.4 AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROGRAMME The objective of the programme is to produce competent nurses that will provide nursing and midwifery care to the society. It should ensure that access and flexibility are provided. (i) The programme offer liberal or general and professional education for nurses who will be able to utilize psycho- social and physical factor in health promotional, health maintenance and health restoration. (ii) The programme prepares the graduate nurse to think effectively, to communicate thought and to discriminate among values. (iii) The programme prepares Polyvalent Nurses Practitioner who are capable of performing nursing skills in a variety of settings, therapeutically assisting individuals, family and community with diverse background and health problems to attain optimal health. (iv) The programme prepare nurse-practitioners who are capable of relating the role of health services to the broader social system and who will be engaged in life- long and self-directed learning. 3.5 ADMISSION REQUIREMENT Registered Nurse Certificate (with Nursing & Midwifery Council of Nigeria) and five (5) credits at ordinary levels G.C.E, NECO or SSCE which must include English Language,

the role of health services to the broader social system and who will be engaged in life- long and self-directed learning. 3.5 ADMISSION REQUIREMENT Registered Nurse Certificate (with Nursing & Midwifery Council of Nigeria) and five (5) credits at ordinary levels G.C.E, NECO or SSCE which must include English Language, Mathematics, ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 47 Physics, Chemistry and Biology at not more than two sittings. Any post-basic nursing diploma is an added advantage. 3.6 REGISTRATION OF STUDENTS ON ADMISSION At the beginning of each academic year, all students register at both departmental level and university level. This is in accordance with the rules made from time to time by the university senate. The procedure for registration shall include the following; 1. Screening procedure for certifying of candidates’ qualification and credentials. 2. Payment for dues and other charges. 3. Careful on line filling of registration forms. 4. Obtaining the signature of all appropriate, at university and departmental levels. 5. Returning the completed registration forms to the appropriate authorities, at university, faculty and departmental levels, not later than the closing date fixed for the registration. 3.7 GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS To graduate a candidate must earn at least 90 Credit Units. Subject to sitting for and passing the professional registration examination of N&MCN  The student must have undergone the required practical/clinical experiences in the ward and other practical areas during the semester and long vacation from 200 level to 500 level. The following are the areas covered during the training: 1) medical posting, 2) surgical posting, 3) paediatric nursing posting, 4) theatre posting, 5) obstetrics and gynaecology posting, and 6) labour ward posting. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 48 During the period of clinical experience, clinical instructors and academic staff from

covered during the training: 1) medical posting, 2) surgical posting, 3) paediatric nursing posting, 4) theatre posting, 5) obstetrics and gynaecology posting, and 6) labour ward posting. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 48 During the period of clinical experience, clinical instructors and academic staff from the department will supervise the student. At the end of each posting, practical examinations are conducted.  Among the requirements for this study, is a research study undertaken at 500 level. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 49 3.8 PROGRAMME COURSE STRUCTURE 200 LEVEL FIRST SEMESTER COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CONTACT HOUR CREDIT UNIT PRE- REQUISIT REMARK LECTURE PRACTICAL / LABORATORY WARD FIRST SEMESTER NURS 203 Fundamentals of Nursing I 2 0 2 Core COMM201 Biostatistics 2 0 2 “ ANAT 209 Human Anatomy I 2 0 2 “ HPHY 225 Human Physiology I 2 0 2 “ HPHY 227 Human Physiology II 2 0 2 “ BCHM 241 Biochemistry of Macromolecules 2 0 2 “ BCHM 247 Biochemistry Practical I 0 1 1 “ POLS 201 Nigerian Government and Politics 3 0 3 “ COSC 265 Fundamentals of Computer Science 2 0 2 “ GENS 103 English & Communication Skills 2 0 2 Core GENS 101 Nationalism 1 0 1 “ ANAT 219 Histology & Gross Practical 0 1 1 Core Total 22 ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 50 200 LEVEL SECOND SEMESTER COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CONTACT HOUR CREDIT UNIT PRE- REQUISIT REMARK LECTURE PRACTICAL / LABORATORY WARD SECOND SEMESTER NURS 206 Fundamentals of Nursing II 2 3 2 Core ANAT 212 Human Anatomy II 3 0 3 “ HPHY 226 General Physiology I 2 0 2 “ HPHY 228 General Physiology II 2 0 2 “ HPHY 230

UNIT PRE- REQUISIT REMARK LECTURE PRACTICAL / LABORATORY WARD SECOND SEMESTER NURS 206 Fundamentals of Nursing II 2 3 2 Core ANAT 212 Human Anatomy II 3 0 3 “ HPHY 226 General Physiology I 2 0 2 “ HPHY 228 General Physiology II 2 0 2 “ HPHY 230 Introductory Practical Physiology 0 3 1 “ MICR 286 Medical Microbiology and Parasitology 2 3 2 “ MICR216 Microbiology Practical 0 3 1 Core NURS 216 Fundamentals of Nursing Practicals (Demonstration) 0 3 1 Core COMM 202 Man and His Environment 2 0 2 “ COMM 204 Sociology (Medical) 2 0 2 “ BCHM 242 General Metabolism 2 0 2 “ GENS 202 Entrepreneurship and Innovation 2 0 2 GENS GENS 102 Environmental Health 1 0 1 “ GENS 104 History and Philosophy of Science 1 0 1 Elective Total 24 ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 51 300 LEVEL FIRST SEMESTER COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CONTACT HOUR CREDIT UNIT PRE- REQUISIT REMARK LECTURE PRACTICAL / LABORATORY WARD FIRST SEMESTER NURS 313 Medical Surgical Nursing I 3 0 3 Core NURS 315 Community Health Nursing I 3 0 3 “ BCHM 343 Nutrition 2 0 2 “ NURS 307 Medical Surgical Nursing Practicum I 0 21 3 “ COMM 301 Principles and Methods of Epidemiology 2 0 2 “ NURS 311 Fundamentals of Nursing III 2 0 2 “ COMM 305 Human Behaviour in Health and Illness 2 0 2 “ NURS 319 Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing I 3 0 3 “ ANAT 309 Human Anatomy III 3 0 3 “ Total 23 *CONCENTRATED CLINICAL POSTING (8WEEKS) ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 52 300 LEVEL SECOND SEMESTER COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CONTACT HOUR CREDIT UNIT PRE- REQUISIT REMARK LECTURE PRACTICAL

Health Nursing I 3 0 3 “ ANAT 309 Human Anatomy III 3 0 3 “ Total 23 *CONCENTRATED CLINICAL POSTING (8WEEKS) ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 52 300 LEVEL SECOND SEMESTER COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CONTACT HOUR CREDIT UNIT PRE- REQUISIT REMARK LECTURE PRACTICAL / LABORATORY WARD SECOND SEMESTER NURS 316 Maternal and Child health Nursing I 3 0 3 Core NURS 304 Medical and Surgical Nursing II 3 0 3 “ PHCL 308 Pharmacodynamics and Chemotherapy 2 0 2 “ NURS 324 Medical Surgical Nursing Practicum II 2 17 2 “ NURS 314 Community Health Nursing Practicum/competencies 0 7 1 “ NURS 322 Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing II 3 7 3 “ EDPS 302 Developmental Psychology 2 0 2 “ NURS 318 Community Health Nursing II 3 7 3 “ PATH 312 General Cellular Pathology and Cytology 3 0 3 “ Total 22 *CONCENTRATED CLINICAL POSTING (8WEEKS) ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 53 400 LEVEL FIRST SEMESTER COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CONTACT HOUR CREDIT UNIT PRE- REQUISIT REMARK LECTURE PRACTICAL / LABORATORY WARD FIRST SEMESTER NURS 401 Medical and Surgical Nursing III 3 0 3 Core NURS 429 Maternal and Child Health II 3 0 3 “ NURS 423 Curriculum Development And Principles of Nursing Education 3 0 3 “ NURS 425 Paediatric Nursing 2 0 2 “ NURS 421 *Paediatric Nursing Practicum 0 17 3 “ PHCL 407 Systemic Pharmacology 3 0 3 “ GENS 301 Business Creation and Growth 2 0 2 “ Total 19 *CONCENTRATED CLINICAL POSTING (8WEEKS) ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 54 400 LEVEL SECOND SEMESTER COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CONTACT HOUR CREDIT UNIT PRE- REQUISIT REMARK LECTURE PRACTICAL / LABORATORY WARD SECOND SEMESTER URS 402 Management

Business Creation and Growth 2 0 2 “ Total 19 *CONCENTRATED CLINICAL POSTING (8WEEKS) ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 54 400 LEVEL SECOND SEMESTER COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CONTACT HOUR CREDIT UNIT PRE- REQUISIT REMARK LECTURE PRACTICAL / LABORATORY WARD SECOND SEMESTER URS 402 Management of Nursing Care Services 2 7 3 Core NURS 404 Research Methodology I 3 0 3 “ NURS 416 Practicum In Teaching And Management/competencies 0 11 2 “ NURS 428 Nursing Seminar 3 0 3 “ NURS 422 Medical and Surgical Nursing IV 2 7 3 “ NURS 426 Maternal and Child Health Nursing III 3 0 3 “ NURS 424 Nursing Ethics and Jurisprudence 2 0 2 “ COMM 406 Nutrition in Health and Illness 3 0 3 “ Total 22 ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 55 500 LEVEL 500 LEVEL FIRST SEMESTER *CONCENTRATED CLINICAL POSTING (8WEEKS) COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CONTACT HOUR CREDIT UNIT PRE-REQUISIT REMARK LECTURE PRACTICAL / LABORATORY WARD FIRST SEMESTER NURS 501 Public Health Nursing I 4 0 4 All lower level Nursing Courses Core NURS 515 *Gynecological Nursing Practicum/competencies 0 17 3 “ NURS 517 *Obstetric Nursing Practicum I 0 17 3 “ NURS 513 Community Health Nursing Seminar 2 0 2 “ NURS 503 Research Project I 0 6 2 “ NURS 511 Intensive care 2 0 2 “ Total 16 ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 56 500 LEVEL SECOND SEMESTER COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CONTACT HOUR CREDIT UNIT PRE-REQUISIT REMARK LECTURE PRACTICAL / LABORATORY WARD SECOND SEMESTER NURS 502 Public Health Nursing II 4 0 4 All lower level Nursing Courses Core NURS 510 Research Project II 0 14 4 “ NURS 516 Health Economics 1 3 2 “ NURS 506 Nursing

COURSE TITLE CONTACT HOUR CREDIT UNIT PRE-REQUISIT REMARK LECTURE PRACTICAL / LABORATORY WARD SECOND SEMESTER NURS 502 Public Health Nursing II 4 0 4 All lower level Nursing Courses Core NURS 510 Research Project II 0 14 4 “ NURS 516 Health Economics 1 3 2 “ NURS 506 Nursing Entrepreneurship 1 0 1 “ NURS 508 Obstetric Nursing Practicum II/competencies 0 17 3 “ NURS 504 Palliative Care Nursing 2 0 2 Elective NURS 512 Gerontology Nursing 2 0 2 “ Total 18 *CONCENTRATED CLINICAL POSTING (8WEEKS) ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 57 3.9 PROGRAMME DELIVERY Delivery of instruction on the Distance learning platform is predicated on the open and distance learning spirit of flexibility, convenience, accessibility and quality. Consequently, the following are used to reach out to study. 1. Activity-based structured study. 2. Availability of comprehensive course materials in hard copy (printed version). 3. Availability of comprehensive course materials in electronic format (online and offline on tablet devices). 4. Video recording of lectures on tablet devices. 5. Links to electronic libraries on tablet devices. 3.10 ASSESSMENT MODALITIES 1. Response to individual assignment (X2) - 15% 2. Response to Topical Discussions - 10% 3. Response to Group Assignment - 5% 4. *Semester Examinations - 70% Total - 100% *CBT/Essay based at an accredited centre of your choice. Grading Scale 1. 70-100 = A 5 2. 60-69 = B 4 3. 50-59 = C 3 4. 46-49 = D 2 5. 40-45 = E 1 6. 0-39 = F 0 Award of Certificates The students will be awarded certificate on the basis of the credits attained in final examination. The continuous assessment will be ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 58 30%. While the final examination carries 70%in each courses. Candidates

6. 0-39 = F 0 Award of Certificates The students will be awarded certificate on the basis of the credits attained in final examination. The continuous assessment will be ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 58 30%. While the final examination carries 70%in each courses. Candidates are required to earn a minimum of 90 TCUE for Direct Entry students before graduation. 3.11 COMPETENCIES OF THE GRADUATE By the end of the academic programme, the graduate will be able to:-  Utilize nursing process in the care of the individual family and community.  Assess client/patient through history taking, physical assessment, review of relevant records and listing of appropriate actual and potential nursing diagnosis.  Assess community through data gathering and identifying health needs to arrive at community diagnosis.  Plan for individual diagnosis/problems and family health needs for attainment and maintenance of health states.  Assume responsibility and plan for delivery of dependent and interdependent activities.  Implement necessary nursing action to minimise individual problems through holistic and client/family centered approach in homes, community and health care institutions.  Evaluate care through stated objectives to ascertain effectiveness of nursing actions and health activities rendered in homes, community and health care institutions.  Develop strategies for health education needs of client/patient and families in homes, communities and health care institutions.  Assist the client/patient to achieve optimum functioning.  Diagnose and treat simple medical and surgical conditions. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 59  Utilize available resources within the home, community and hospital setting to achieve maximum provision of healthcare.  Participate in formulating health plans for the community.  Develop proficiency in presenting and dispensing family planning methods and in follow up of clients.  Provide rehabilitative services to individuals and

59  Utilize available resources within the home, community and hospital setting to achieve maximum provision of healthcare.  Participate in formulating health plans for the community.  Develop proficiency in presenting and dispensing family planning methods and in follow up of clients.  Provide rehabilitative services to individuals and families to enable the client/patient adapt to changing conditions.  Demonstrate assertiveness in the management of health care for client/patient in the homes, community and health care institutions.  Initiate and participate in the development of recording and reporting system, maintaining, analyzing and utilizing the collected data.  Manage essential drugs by evolving an effective monitoring and cost of recovery systems.  Establish and maintain a 2-way referral system.  Assist in budgeting, managing and auditing the accounting system of primary health centre.  Organize and implement educational programme for community based workers and nursing students.  Ensure work discipline by providing adequate motivation for health workers.  Initiate and carryout research to improve practice and develop new techniques to meet health needs of the people. The graduate should in addition be able to:  Assess, plan, implement and evaluate the nursing needs of the community with special reference to the expectant family/individual. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 60  Prevent and control communicable diseases especially those that may affect the health of the family/individual by initiating community surveillance programmes and maximizing the use of human and material resources.  Function independently and collaboratively with allied health professionals and the intersectoral team to provide comprehensive maternal and child health care services at all levels of health care.  Plan, establish, organize and manage antenatal, postnatal, family planning and infant welfare clinics and assist in school health clinics.  Manage clients/patients during normal labour and delivery.

allied health professionals and the intersectoral team to provide comprehensive maternal and child health care services at all levels of health care.  Plan, establish, organize and manage antenatal, postnatal, family planning and infant welfare clinics and assist in school health clinics.  Manage clients/patients during normal labour and delivery.  Deliver, resuscitate, prescribe and supplement care for the newborn.  Monitor the total health care plan for mother, child and family in order to meet specific needs during the neonatal period.  Store, prescribe and independently administer drugs under the jurisdiction of independent midwifery functions in any area of clinical practice  Diagnose and treat minor disorders occurring during the childhood period.  Anticipate/recognize risk factors take prompt action and refer where necessary.  Teach, guide and supervise the practice of other health personnel including students in maternal and child health services.  Plan with and guide families and communities on the methods necessary for achieving and maintaining healthy life styles. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 61  Evaluate the community on family planning and administer contraceptive devices in accordance with the socio-cultural values and needs of the people.  Evaluate maternal and child health care services and conduct research with the aim of improving and developing techniques to meet the changing needs and demands of the people.  Initiate care in emergency situations to save the life of mother and/or child in the absence of medical care. 3.12 SAFE PRACTICE IN THE CLINICAL SETTING Safe practice in clinical settings is expected at all times. A student whose pattern of behaviour is found to be unsafe may be terminated from a clinical practicum for reasons of unsafe practices at any time during the semester and receive a grade of "F" for the course. The

SETTING Safe practice in clinical settings is expected at all times. A student whose pattern of behaviour is found to be unsafe may be terminated from a clinical practicum for reasons of unsafe practices at any time during the semester and receive a grade of "F" for the course. The student will demonstrate patterns of professional behaviours which follow the legal and ethical codes of nursing; promote the actual or potential well being of clients, health care workers, and self in the biological, psychological, sociological, and cultural realms; demonstrate accountability in preparation, documentation, and continuity of care, and show respect for the human rights of individuals. Students are bound by the rules and regulations of the school and the health care agencies. Examples of unsafe practices include but are not limited to the following: ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 62 a) Failure to notify the agency and/or instructor of clinical absence. b) Failure to adhere to the dress code. c) Presenting for clinical practicum under the influence of drugs or alcohol. d) Failure to meet course attendance requirements. e) Repeated tardiness to clinical assignments. f) Failure to consult clinical instructor prior to any changes on clinical assignments. g) Leaving the clinical agency without notifying appropriate personnel. The student practices according to the National Nurses Association Code for Nurses, Standards of Practice, and the ethics of the nursing profession. Examples of ethical practices include but are not limited to the following: a) Refuses assignment based on client's diagnosis, race, culture, or religious preference. b) Inappropriate practice in any assigned activity related to clinical practice. c) Ignoring unethical behaviour(s) of other health care persons in clinical Setting which affects client welfare. A student whose pattern of behaviour endangers a patient’s peers, staff members, or clinical instructor's safety

client's diagnosis, race, culture, or religious preference. b) Inappropriate practice in any assigned activity related to clinical practice. c) Ignoring unethical behaviour(s) of other health care persons in clinical Setting which affects client welfare. A student whose pattern of behaviour endangers a patient’s peers, staff members, or clinical instructor's safety will be given a verbal and written warning by the primary clinical instructor. At the discretion of the clinical instructor, the student may be removed immediately from the clinical area. This may result in failure in the course. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 63 3.13 EXAMINATION RESULT AND GRADING SYSTEM Semester grades i) Semester grades are calculated as grade point averages (GPA) on the basis of A B C D and F which are equivalent to 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 and 0 grade points (GP) respectively for classified degrees. ii) The minimum pass mark is 40% or GP of 1.00 hence a minimum CGPA of 1.00 is required for graduation. iii) In order to obtain an overall pass in the examinations in any year of study, a student is required to maintain a CGPA of at least 1.00 to be in good academic standing. A student whose cumulative GPA falls below 1.00 at one end of any year of study shall be placed on probation. iv) How grade points are computed in your courses Grades Grade points 70 – 100 (A) 5 60 – 69 (B) 4 50- 59 (C) 3 45 – 49 (D) 2 40 – 44 (E) 1 0 – 39 (F) 0 The class of degree as described above is being determined by the efforts a student put into his/her studies from 200 level to 200 level as the case may be to the final level/year of his/her studies. Example

(D) 2 40 – 44 (E) 1 0 – 39 (F) 0 The class of degree as described above is being determined by the efforts a student put into his/her studies from 200 level to 200 level as the case may be to the final level/year of his/her studies. Example Suppose a 100 level student in one department of Nursing has the following results in one first and second semester: ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 64 First semester Course Grade Grade points Credit unit Credit points Nurs. 101 65 4 3 12 Phys 131 76 5 2 10 “ 161 70 5 1 5 Phys 121 63 4 2 8 Phys 101 72 5 2 10 Phys 191 73 5 1 5 Biol 131 67 4 2 8 Biol 111 75 3 2 10 Gens 103 47 2 2 4 Gens 107 41 1 1 1 Gens 101 57 3 1 3 19 76 Registered credit units (RCU = 3 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 1 = 19 Earned credit unit (ECU) = 3 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 1 = 19 Thus, first semester GPA = 76 19 = 4.0 Course Grades Grade point Credit unit Credit points Nurs 102 75A 5 3 15 Biol 114 72A 5 2 10 Biol. 112 64B 4 2 8 Phys 162 69B 4 1 4 Phys 122 70A 5 2 10 Chem 132 75B 5 2 10 Chem 192 75A 5 1 5 Chem 112 72B 5 2 10 Maths 102 56C 3 2 6 SOLG102 77D 2 2 4 Gens 102 41E 1 1 1 ABU Distance Learning

Phys 162 69B 4 1 4 Phys 122 70A 5 2 10 Chem 132 75B 5 2 10 Chem 192 75A 5 1 5 Chem 112 72B 5 2 10 Maths 102 56C 3 2 6 SOLG102 77D 2 2 4 Gens 102 41E 1 1 1 ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 65 20 83 Thus for second semester = 83 = 4.15 20 CGPA = Previous TCP + Present CP Previous TRCU + Present RCU Where TCP = total credit points CP = current points TRCU = Total registered credit unit RCU = Registered credit units CGRA = Cumulative grade point average Hence CGPA = 76 + 83 19 + 20 = 4.08 ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 66 Appendix 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES TABLE OF CONTENT Title Page Copyright Page Contents Definitions 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Preamble 1.2 DLC Law and Statute 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 2.0 Preparation for Examinations 3.0 Examination Venues 4.0. Administering Examinations 5.0 Appointment of External/Internal Moderators/Examiners 6.0 General Examination Regulations, 7.0 Consequences for Failing to Write Examinations 8.0 Academic Monitoring/Quality Assurance 9.0 Research Work and Project, Dissertation and Thesis Management 10.0 Duties of Invigilators 11.0 Examination Malpractice ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 67 12.0 Sanctions 12.1 Offence by Students 12.2 Offences Involving Staff 13.0 Management of Examination Results 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication

demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus-based programmes”. 1.2 DLC Law and Statute The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 1. The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 68 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations shall be supervised examinations as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations

Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 Nigerian Students Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 International Students Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 69 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of

examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 70 4.0. ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three (3) semester in every session. 4. Examination timelines: a. All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e- tutors within four weeks of the semester. b. All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c. All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d. A pool of MCQ

e- tutors within four weeks of the semester. b. All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c. All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d. A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 71 accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of

the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 72 recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour after the examination has started shall not be allowed to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and

student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 73 examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be

precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 74 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the

to re-write such an examination at a later time. 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESIS MANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 75 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written

examination materials does not occur. 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 76 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 Offence by Students (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: i) Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination ii) Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 77 iii) Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. iv) Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. v) Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. vi) Use of mobile phones (GSM)

Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 77 iii) Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. iv) Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. v) Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. vi) Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. vii) Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. viii) Willful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. ix) Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. x) Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session i) Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) ii) Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. iii) Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) iv) If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 78 v) Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. vi) Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations vii) Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. 11.2 Offences Involving Staff 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous

Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. 11.2 Offences Involving Staff 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. 2. Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. ABU Distance Learning Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (B.NSc.) Student Handbook 79 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. 5. Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Scripts/results does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE Ahmadu Bello University STUDENT HANDBOOK B.Sc. ACCOUNTING ii ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) © 2023 Distance Learning Centre, ABU Zaria, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the Director, Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. First published 2018 Published and Printed by Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tel: 08065949711 abupress@abu.edu.ng info@abupress.com.ng Website: www.abupress.com.ng iii ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) FORWORD Whereas the Distance Learning Centre Prospectus covers all aspects of the Distance Learning delivery in Ahmadu Bello University, the DLC B.Sc. Accounting Student Handbook is designed to give you an overview of the B.Sc. Accounting by Distance Learning in the Ahmadu Bello University. A Handbook of this nature is a must read for you. It provides useful information on the nature, orientation and scope of the B.Sc. Accounting programme as well as highlights the uniqueness of this delivery modality. As you opt for the distance learning mode to acquire a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting, we shall strive to make your learning experience a memorable one. I urge you to commit, discipline and submit yourself to the demand of distance education. This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again, I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre iv ABU DLC

are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again, I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre iv ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) CONTENTS Copyright page ... ... ... ... ... ii Foreword ... ... ... ... ... ... iii Contents ... ... ... ... ... … iv PART 1: General Information ... ... ... vi 1.1 Principal Officers of the University ... ... 2 1.2 Visitor, Principal Officers, Deans and Directors 3 1.3 DLC Principal Officers ... ... ... 5 1.4 Historical Perspective ... ... ... 6 1.5 University Administration ... ... ... 10 1.6 Faculties, Institutes, Centres and Schools ... 11 PART 2 Distance Learning Centre ... ... ... 13 2.1 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 14 2.2 Distance Learning Centre Academic Calendar 17 2.3 Deployment of Distance Learning Programmes 20 2.4 Studying as a Distance Learner ... … 23 2.5 Waiver and Deferment Guidelines ... ... 34 PART 3 B.Sc. Accounting ... ... ... ... 40 3.1 Overview ... ... ... ... ... 41 3.2 Objectives of Programme ... ... ... 41 3.3 Admission Requirements ... ... ... 42 3.4 Registration ... ... ... ... ... 42 3.5 Matriculation ... ... ... ... ... 44 3.6 Complaints and Counselling ... ... ... 44 3.7 Course Structure and Requirements for Graduation 44 3.8 Examination Results ... ... ... ... 69 3.9 Classification of Degree ... ... ... 70 v ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 71 1.0 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 71 1.1 Preamble ... ... ... ... ... 71 1.2 DLC Law and Statute ... ...

... ... ... 69 3.9 Classification of Degree ... ... ... 70 v ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 71 1.0 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 71 1.1 Preamble ... ... ... ... ... 71 1.2 DLC Law and Statute ... ... ... ... 71 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy ... 71 2.0 Examination Venues ... ... ... ... 72 2.1 Nigerian Students ... ... ... 72 2.2 International Students ... ... ... 72 3.0 Preparation for Examinations ... ... ... 73 4.0 Administering Examinations ... ... ... 73 5.0 Appointment of External/Internal Moderators/Examiners 76 6.0 General Examination Regulations ... ... 76 7.0 Consequences for Failing to Write Examinations 78 8.0 Academic Monitoring/Quality Assurance 79 9.0 Research Work and Project, Dissertation and Thesis management ... ... ... ... 79 10.0 Duties of Invigilators ... ... ... ... 79 11.0 Examination Malpractice ... ... ... 80 12.0 Sanctions ... ... ... ... ... 81 12.1 Offence by Students ... ... ... ... 81 11.2 Offences Involving Staff ... ... 83 13.0 Management of Examination Results ... ... 83 vi ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) PART I General Information ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 1 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 2 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Malam Adamu Fika, CFR Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Danladi A. Ameh Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU Distance

Malam Adamu Fika, CFR Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Danladi A. Ameh Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 3 1.2 VISITOR, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEANS AND DIRECTORS Visitor: Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vice- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr.

Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar Farouq Yaya ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 4 Director, Directorate of University Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean,

Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law: Dr. Salim Bashir Magashi Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 5 Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 6 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten

4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded in Samaru, Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 7 research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institutionhas since inception been under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (1975- 1978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (1986- 1991), Professor Daniel Saror

four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institutionhas since inception been under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (1975- 1978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (1986- 1991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991-1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004-2009), Professor Abdullahi Mustapha (2009-2015), Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Prof.essor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental re- organisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 8 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area.

15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 9 Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning

when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 10 required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. The University Senate building ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 11 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2.

Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. The University Senate building ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 11 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 12 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health

Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 13 PART II Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 14 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus-based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU

demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional income by means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 15 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes

the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and e- Learning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 16 programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 17 Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board

the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 17 Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. 18 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferments ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 19 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University.

of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferments ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 19 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. International Studies, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 20 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the

prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 21 the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well

programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of relevant Discussion questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 22 iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. 2.4.6 Liaison Offices

a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 23 A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student- student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common room. The Liaison Offices shall be administered by an Administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will be working through specially prepared materials on your own.

DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will be working through specially prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 24 Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills that would assist you in studying independently. A. Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list

in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 25 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to read between the lines and beyond the lines; 5. You must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write well by imitating good writers. And

read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write well by imitating good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are reading. Therefore, you need the skill of note taking and note making. When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 26 3. be consistent in note taking; 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will

give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will make study more appropriate and effective such as: 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 27 Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while you are studying because notes may not be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing,

yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing, drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. C. Preparing For Examinations ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 28 One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. i. Start early To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact your first day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand- outs or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials

Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand- outs or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials to learn for examinations. v. Revise Revise for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 29 You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the

for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You are learning the facts for the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 30 do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be

consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 31 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs.

With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well-focused conclusion. 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 32 Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to

options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 33 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. 1. Read and fully understand the examination regulations 2. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not

the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 34 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment is abudlc-edu.ng 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of

maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment is abudlc-edu.ng 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be forwarded at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 35 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester –whichever is more convenient for you. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc.

learning): - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester –whichever is more convenient for you. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 36 - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. 3. Work and learn with no

students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 37 - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e-tutors shall be made available to you. - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline

- Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e-tutors shall be made available to you. - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 38 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with

a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 39 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 40 PART III B.Sc. Accounting ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 41 3.1 OVERVIEW In line with NUC regulations, a student will not be allowed to exceed an additional 50 per cent of the duration of the programme if he/she fails to graduate within the minimum number of years. a) UTME It’s four (4) academic sessions with a minimum duration of eight semesters and maximum of twelve semesters.

regulations, a student will not be allowed to exceed an additional 50 per cent of the duration of the programme if he/she fails to graduate within the minimum number of years. a) UTME It’s four (4) academic sessions with a minimum duration of eight semesters and maximum of twelve semesters. b) Direct Entry Its three (3) academic sessions with a minimum of six semesters and a maximum of nine semesters. Note that: Distance learning platform however, has the flexibility of allowing a student to fast track. 3.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME B.Sc. Accounting programme of Distance Learning Centre was established to provide academic as well as professional training in the field of Accounting in order to provide manpower needed in the private and public sectors of the Economy at large, irrespective of gender, race, location and in flexible manner. The nation needs management personnel with the right training and attitude of mind in Accounting, and our training in Distance Learning Centre, Ahamdu Bello University tries to provide such type of work force. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 42 3.3 ADMISSION/ENTRY REQUIREMENTS OF THE PROGRAMME State clearly the admission requirements for the proposed programme. It must meet the general minimum admission requirement for degree programmes. All candidates to be admitted into the B.Sc. degree in Accounting programme must possess five (5) O’level credits in English Language, Mathematics, Economics and any other two (2) credits in social sciences or Art subject in the SSCE, WASC, NECO, NABTEB at not more than two (2) sittings. Such as Civic Education, Geography, Literature in English, etc. At UTME level, candidates must write Government, Economic or History, English language and any other social sciences or art subject. The ‘A’ Level subject for Direct Entry candidates must include Accounting, Statistics, Government/History and Economics. 3.4 REGISTRATION

than two (2) sittings. Such as Civic Education, Geography, Literature in English, etc. At UTME level, candidates must write Government, Economic or History, English language and any other social sciences or art subject. The ‘A’ Level subject for Direct Entry candidates must include Accounting, Statistics, Government/History and Economics. 3.4 REGISTRATION GUIDELINES Every student is expected to register at the beginning of each Semester/session. 1) Fresh Students All candidates admitted into B.Sc. Accounting programmes are required to come along with all their original credentials and documents for screening. Registration of fresh students involves the following procedures; i. The starting point is to collect admission letter from the Registration Officer at the Liaison Office, after the candidate must have been screened by the officer. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 43 ii. The Student should collect teller from the Officer and proceed to pay the requisite fee. iii. The student should register his or her courses and provide personal profile through ABUDLC website/portal www.register.abudlc.edu.ng) iv. Finally, the student should open 2 files each containing his/her credentials. 2) Returning Students Registration of returning students involves the following procedures: (i) The student should pay the stipulated registration fees at the designated bank. (ii) The student should register his or her courses and may edit personal (iii) Finally, the student should submit the original of the signed course registration form to the Registration Officer. Notes a) Students are required to consult their Zonal Academic Advisers for proper guidance on courses to be registered. b) Any fresh student who fails to register within the stipulated period, is deemed to have voluntarily reject the admission. c) Any returning student who fails to register within the stipulated period shall not be allowed to register in that session and shall forfeit the benefit of taking examination in any

Any fresh student who fails to register within the stipulated period, is deemed to have voluntarily reject the admission. c) Any returning student who fails to register within the stipulated period shall not be allowed to register in that session and shall forfeit the benefit of taking examination in any semester of that session, except with the approval of the senate. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 44 3.5 MATRICULATION All students admitted into the Distance Learning Centre for the first time (100 or 200 level) are required to matriculate just as their on-campus counterparts. The students matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice-Chancellor and the Director of the Distance Learning Centre. The Director shall clearly spell out the core values, in terms of the mission and vision of the DLC to the students. 3.6 COMPLAINTS AND COUNSELING The complaints and counseling committee shall assist students with both academic and personal matters where possible. The guidance and counseling unit assist students with issues relating to registration, examination, general academic issues and personal matters as well. 3.7 COURSE STRUCTURE AND REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATION Structure of the programme The B.Sc. Accounting programme is structured along the following levels: 100 Level - Comprising of one academic year of two/three semesters each with a minimum of 16 weeks of interaction/lectures, tutorials and examination. 200 Level - Same as in 100 Level above. 300 Level - Same as in 100 Level above. 400 Level - Same as in 100 Level above plus Project ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 45 Course Credit System Course credit system refers to a system or organization of the curriculum in which disciplines or integrated disciplines are broken down into courses. These courses are arranged in progressive order of difficulty or level of academic progress

plus Project ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 45 Course Credit System Course credit system refers to a system or organization of the curriculum in which disciplines or integrated disciplines are broken down into courses. These courses are arranged in progressive order of difficulty or level of academic progress from 100 Level to 400 Level. The second aspect of the system is that courses are assigned weights called Credit Units. These are assigned to all courses depending on the contact number of hours per week. General Description of Courses Course Code Course title Credit units Core/electi ve ACCT 101 Introduction to Accounting & 3 Core ACCT 103 Business Mathematics I 2 Core ACCT 105 Principles of Business Administration 2 Core ACCT 107 Principles of Economics I 3 Core ACCT 109 Introduction to Computer 2 Core ACCT 111 Elements of Government & 2 Core GENS 101 Nationalism 1 Core GENS 103 English & Communication Skills 2 Core Total Credit Unit 17 100 Level First Semester ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 46 100 Level Second Semester Course Code Course title Credit Units Core/elective ACCT 102 Introduction to Accounting & Financial 3 Core ACCT 104 Business Mathematics II 2 Core ACCT 106 Principles of Business Administration II 2 Core ACCT 108 Principles of Economics II 3 Core ACCT 110 Elements of Banking 3 Core ACCT 112 Elements of Finance 3 Core GENS 102 Environmental Health 1 Core GENS 104 History & Philosophy of Science 1 Core Total Credit Unit 18 200Level First Semester Course Code Course title Credit Units Core/elective ACCT 201 Financial Accounting I 3 Core ACCT 205 Accounting Laboratory & 3 Core ACCT 207 Micro Economics 2 Core ACCT 211 Statistics I 2 Core ACCT 213 Production Management 3 Core Total Credit Unit 13 200 Level Second Semester

200Level First Semester Course Code Course title Credit Units Core/elective ACCT 201 Financial Accounting I 3 Core ACCT 205 Accounting Laboratory & 3 Core ACCT 207 Micro Economics 2 Core ACCT 211 Statistics I 2 Core ACCT 213 Production Management 3 Core Total Credit Unit 13 200 Level Second Semester Course Course title Credit units Core/elect ACCT 202 Financial Accounting II 3 Core ACCT 206 Business Communication 2 Core ACCT 208 Macro Economics 2 Core ACCT 212 Statistics II 2 Core ACCT 214 Commercial Law 2 Core ACCT 218 Elements of Management 2 Core GENS 202 Entrepreneurship and 2 Core Total Credit Unit 15 300 Level First Semester ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 47 Code Course title Credit Units Core/electi ACCT 311 Public Sector Accounting I 3 Core ACCT 317 Intermediate Financial Accounting and 3 Core ACCT 319 Management Accounting I 3 Core ACCT 321 Cost Accounting 2 Core ACCT 323 Public Finance 2 Core ACCT 325 Forensic Accounting & Fraud M t I 2 Core ACCT 327 Research Methodology 2 Core ACCT 329 Corporate Management Information S t 2 Core GENS 301 Business Creation and Growth 2 Core Total Credit Unit 21 300 Level Second Semester Code Course title Credit Units Core/electi ACCT 312 Public Sector Accounting II 3 Core ACCT 314 Company Law 2 Cognate ACCT 318 Intermediate Financial Accounting 3 Core ACCT 320 Management Accounting II 3 Core ACCT 326 Forensic Accounting & Fraud 2 Core ACCT 328 Taxation I 3 Core ACCT 330 Auditing I 3 Core ACCT 332 Accounting WORKSHOP 3 Core Total Credit Unit 22 400 Level First Semester Code Course title Credit Units Core/elect ACCT 401 Advanced Financial Accounting & 3 Core ACCT 403 Taxation II 3 Core ACCT 405 Auditing, Assurance & Investigation 3 Core ACCT 407 International Accounting I

I 3 Core ACCT 332 Accounting WORKSHOP 3 Core Total Credit Unit 22 400 Level First Semester Code Course title Credit Units Core/elect ACCT 401 Advanced Financial Accounting & 3 Core ACCT 403 Taxation II 3 Core ACCT 405 Auditing, Assurance & Investigation 3 Core ACCT 407 International Accounting I 3 Core ACCT 411 Business Policy &Strategy 2 Core ACCT 413 Financial Management I 3 Core ACCT 417 Accounting Theory 2 Core ACCT 419 Research Project 4 Core Total Credit Unit 23 400 Level Second Semester ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 48 Code Course title Credit units Core/elect ACCT 402 Advanced Financial 3 Core ACCT 408 International Accounting II 3 Core ACCT 410 Corporate Finance 3 Core ACCT 412 Executorship 3 Core ACCT 414 Financial Management II 3 Core ACCT 416 Business Decision & Analysis 3 Core ACCT 418 Corporate Governance & 3 Core Total Credit Unit 21 COURSE SYNOPSIS 100 LEVEL ACCT 101/102: Introduction to Accounting and Financial Reporting I & II This course is offered in both semesters. It covers the following topics: The Nature and Scope of Accounting: the Functions of Accountants. Accounting Function and Its Relationship with the Information System of Organizations. Accounting Procedure and Systems: Double Entry Book-keeping Systems, the Trial Balance, Accruals, Prepayment and Adjustments: Classification of Expenditure between Capital and Revenue. Methods of Recording Accounting Data: Manual and Mechanical. Trading, Profit and Loss Accounts and Balance Sheets of a sole trader: Accounting Treatment of Control Accounts and Bank Reconciliations. Accounts for Non-Profit Making Organization. Introduction to Conceptual framework for Financial Accounting. ACCT 103: Business Mathematics I Arithmetic (Ratios and Proportions, Simple and Compound interest including Annuity, Discounting and Average Due Date). 2. Algebra (Set Theory and simple application of Venn ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 49 Diagram, Variation, Indices,

Non-Profit Making Organization. Introduction to Conceptual framework for Financial Accounting. ACCT 103: Business Mathematics I Arithmetic (Ratios and Proportions, Simple and Compound interest including Annuity, Discounting and Average Due Date). 2. Algebra (Set Theory and simple application of Venn ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 49 Diagram, Variation, Indices, Logarithms; Basic concepts of permutation and combinations; Linear Simultaneous Equations; Quadratic Equations; Linear inequalities; Determinants and Matrices. 3. Calculus (Constant and variables, Functions, Limit & Continuity; Differentiability & Differentiation, Partial Differentiation; First order and Second order Derivatives; Maxima & Minima (without constraints and with constraints using Lagrange transform); Indefinite Integrals: as primitives, integration by substitution, integration by part; Definite Integrals: evaluation of standard integrals, area under curve. ACCT 104: Business Mathematics II Review of Elementary Mathematics: algebra; sequences and series; arithmetic, geometric and harmonic progressions; common and natural logarithms; mappings and transformations; vectors and complex numbers; discrete and continuous variables. Mathematical Reasoning: inductive and deductive reasoning; number system and axiom systems; logic; meaning of necessary and sufficient conditions. Sets and Relations: operations on sets; ordered pairs; Cartesian product; relations and choice problem. System of Equations and Inequalities: equations and identities; systems of simultaneous equations; linear and exponential equations; graphs of quadratic equations; linear depreciation; partial and general market equilibrium. Analytical Geometry: points and lines; Isoprofit and Isocost lines; tangent and chord; general equations of second degree; higher degree curves; market equilibrium. Mathematics of Finance: application of simple and compound interests; annuities; perpetuity; sinking fund; amortization. Determinants and Matrices: solution simultaneous equations systems; some properties of determinants; Cramer’s rule; ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 50 elementary algebra of matrices; application of matrices to linear systems. Functions and Limits: algebra of functions; types of functions; limits of functions and the theorems; Differential Calculus: differentiations of one variable and the rules;

equations systems; some properties of determinants; Cramer’s rule; ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 50 elementary algebra of matrices; application of matrices to linear systems. Functions and Limits: algebra of functions; types of functions; limits of functions and the theorems; Differential Calculus: differentiations of one variable and the rules; second order derivatives; turning points and applications; partial analyses from derivatives of more than one variable conditions; applications including method of least squares. Integral Calculus: the indefinite integral- integration methods and applications; the definite integral- properties, approximations and applications. Differential and Difference equations ACCT 105/106: Principles of Business Administration I & II This course is offered at both semesters. Topics covered include: the Scope of business: the Character of business from social, legal and economic perspectives. Forms of ownership, organization and Management. Marketing, Production, Finance and Accounting Functions, Government and Business. The Social responsibility of business. International business. Problems of Nigerian business enterprises. ACCT 107: Principles to Economics I The Basic Problem of scarcity and Choice: the Methodology of Economic Science; the General Principles of Resource Allocation; the Concepts of Optimality and Equity; Equilibrium and Disequilibrium; Micro-economics versus Macroeconomics: Demand, Supply and Price: Types of Resources Allocation Decision; Methods of Resource Allocation in an Economy: Theory of the Firm; Introduction to Welfare Economics. ACCT 108: Principles to Economics II Introduction to Macroeconomics: National Income Determination; the Public Sector in the National Economy; ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 51 Macroeconomic Policy Objectives and Instruments; Introduction to Money and Banking, Introduction to Economic Growth and Development. Trade Politics with Particular reference to Nigeria. ACCT 109: Introduction to Computer History and Development of Computer Technology. The Why and How of Computers. Computer Types: Analog, Digital, and Hybrid. Central Preparation Equipment’s: Keypunch, Sorter etc. Data Transmission, Nature, Speed and Error Detection. Data

Introduction to Economic Growth and Development. Trade Politics with Particular reference to Nigeria. ACCT 109: Introduction to Computer History and Development of Computer Technology. The Why and How of Computers. Computer Types: Analog, Digital, and Hybrid. Central Preparation Equipment’s: Keypunch, Sorter etc. Data Transmission, Nature, Speed and Error Detection. Data Capture and Validation including Error Detection. Systems Analysis and Design. The Programming Process: problem definition, flow charting and decision table. ACCT 111: Elements of Government & Administration Nature of Politics: Society and Social Organization: The State. The Problem of Law; Constitution and Constitutionalism; Political Ideology. The Classical Heritage, Plato, Aristotle; Stoleism and Pax Romanica: Revolt, Towards the Mass Man. Organs of Government (National Governmental Institutions); Public Administration; Political Parties and Pressure Groups; Public Opinion and Propaganda; Elections; International Order. 200 LEVEL ACCT 201/202: Financial Accounting & Reporting I & II This course covers two semesters. Topics covered include : Miscellaneous Accounts: Joint Venture, Consignment, Container Account, Royalties, Branch (Home and Foreign) Accounts, Bill of Exchange, Departmental Account, Sinking Fund and Annuities, Insurance Accounts and Contract Account. Accounting for Specialized Businesses: Trustee, Estate Agencies, Farmers, Investments, Leasing, Hire Purchase, ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 52 Solicitors, Underwriters, Unit Trust, Voyage, Cooperative Societies, Stock Brokerage, Pension funds and Property companies. Introduction to Conceptual framework for Financial Accounting (for Direct Entry), and the Study of the Principles of Small and Medium-sized Entities Guidelines on Accounting (SMEGA) Level 3. ACCT 205: Accounting Laboratory and Accounting Application Software Practical Accounting Laboratory extends both the knowledge and skills developed in other areas of accounting learning across the career path of the students. It examines the fundamental principles underpinning practical experience of accounting and financial reporting providing, learners with real world technical skills of accounting, including the preparation and interpretation of accounting electronic information. The

the knowledge and skills developed in other areas of accounting learning across the career path of the students. It examines the fundamental principles underpinning practical experience of accounting and financial reporting providing, learners with real world technical skills of accounting, including the preparation and interpretation of accounting electronic information. The course is to expose students to the practical application of accounting learning. At the end of this course student should be familiar with how the following accounting tools are used in real business environment: i. Physical auditing working papers. ii. Filling of Tax assessment forms. iii. Identification and use of general payment vouchers. iii. Physical ledger and journal specimen of organisation. iv. Hands-on application of accounting software such as Peachtree Complete Accounting (Best Software), QuickBooks Online (Intuit), Audit Commander SPSS and other statistical software. ACCT 206: Business Communication Rudiments of Communication: Communication Defined, Elements of Communication, Principles of Communication; Oral, Written and Non-verbal Communication: Language Defined, Non-verbal communication, Listening, Oral and ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 53 written Communication; Functions and settings of Communication: Functions of Communication, Communication setting; Communication Theories and Models: Linear Model, Interactional Model, Transactional Model etc. Writing and Communication Methods: Writing Defined, stages of Writing, other Aspects of the Writing Process, Corporate and Public Communications, Commercial Communication Method and Letter Writing. Process of Meetings, Conferences, Seminars, Symposium and Debates: Meeting Defined, Conduct, Procedures, Aims and Benefits/Disadvantages of Meetings. Written Rules Affecting Meetings, Conference, Seminar, Symposium and Debates. Uses of Words, Sentences and Figurative Expressions, Words and their Meanings, Synonyms and Antonym Dynamism in Words, and Predication, Suffixation, Sentences/Figurative Expression. Reports and Handover notes: Types of Reports, Components of Reports and Handover Notes. Organization communication: The concept of organizational communication, Factors Affecting Effectiveness of Organizational Communication. Types of organizational Communication. Public Relations and Marketing Communication.

Words and their Meanings, Synonyms and Antonym Dynamism in Words, and Predication, Suffixation, Sentences/Figurative Expression. Reports and Handover notes: Types of Reports, Components of Reports and Handover Notes. Organization communication: The concept of organizational communication, Factors Affecting Effectiveness of Organizational Communication. Types of organizational Communication. Public Relations and Marketing Communication. ACCT 207/208: Economic Theory (Micro and Macro) Analytical Tools and Models of Microeconomics. Methodology of Economic Science; Theory of Consumer Behaviour and Demand. Theory of Production and Cost Theories of the Firm under Perfect, Imperfect, Monopolistic, and Oligopolistic Competition. Theory of Employment and Distribution in perfectly and imperfectly competitive markets; Liner Programming and the Theory of the Firm: General Equilibrium Analysis and Introduction to Welfare Economics. Aggregate Economic Variables; Determination of the Level of economic ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 54 activity, the Basic Model of national income Economics Determination; Theories of Consumption and Investment; The Keynesian, Classical and neo-classical Theories of Money; Inflation, Output and Employment, General Equilibrium of the Product; Money and Labour Market; Level of Employment and Economic Growth. Application of Economic Principles to develop and Developing Countries with special reference to Nigeria. ACCT 211/212: Statistics I & II Nature of Statistics: Statistical Inquiries, Forms and Design. The Role of Statistics, Basic Concepts in Statistics, Discrete and Continuous Variable, Functional Relationships, Sources of Data, Methods of Collecting Primary Data, Presentation of Statistical Data, Measures of Central Tendency, Measures of Dispersion, Moments, Skewness and Kurtosis, Elementary Probability Distribution, Normal Binomial, Poission and Hyper geometric. Elementary Sampling Theory, Estimation, Theory, Student’s Distribution, Statistical Decision Theory, Tests of Hypotheses for Small and Large Samples, Chi-square Distribution and Test of Goodness of Fit, Linear Regression. Correlation Theory, Index, Numbers, Time Series and Analysis of Time Series. ACCT 213: Production Management Elements of production; production and process design and management;

Theory, Estimation, Theory, Student’s Distribution, Statistical Decision Theory, Tests of Hypotheses for Small and Large Samples, Chi-square Distribution and Test of Goodness of Fit, Linear Regression. Correlation Theory, Index, Numbers, Time Series and Analysis of Time Series. ACCT 213: Production Management Elements of production; production and process design and management; facility location and layout; modern tools and machinery of production, standards definition, line balancing, automation, production scheduling and control, work study, maintenance of tools and equipment, quality control, inventory control, project planning, forecasting, aggregate planning control and material, resource planning. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 55 ACCT 214: Commercial Law The Nigerian Legal System: Sources of Nigerian Law; Hierarchy of Nigerian Court, Commercial Arbitration. Law of Contracts: Commercial Contracts; Commercial Relations between Persons; Unfair Competition. Passing off and “Trade Libel”. ACCT 218: Elements of Management Basic Concepts in Management: Management Principles, Functions of the Manager. Planning: Nature and Purpose the organizing function, Department, Line and Staff Authority, Staffing and Directing: Selection of Employees and Managers, Appraisal of Managers, Management Development, Nature of Directing, Motivation Leadership Controlling: the Control Process, Control technique, recent developments in the control Function The Nigerian environment: management problems in Nigeria, Challenges of Indigenization, transferability of Management system. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 56 300 LEVEL ACCT 311: Public Sector Accounting I Introduction to public sector accounting - distinction between public and private sectors basic accounting for not-for-profit (NFP) organizations, unique characteristics of NFP, classification of NFP; basic characteristics of governmental accounting. Structure of governmental accounting in Nigeria, the treasury, audit department, consolidated revenue fund, capital and development fund. Financial accounting and analysis - use of self-accounting system, fund accounting system and standardized uniform forms of transactions. Decision-making and planning and control of public fund - application of costing method; budgeting processes; the

of governmental accounting in Nigeria, the treasury, audit department, consolidated revenue fund, capital and development fund. Financial accounting and analysis - use of self-accounting system, fund accounting system and standardized uniform forms of transactions. Decision-making and planning and control of public fund - application of costing method; budgeting processes; the use of Audit Department; accounting for local government; education and health institutions, Planning, Programming and Budgeting System (PPBS). Recent developments and issues in the public sector - implication of Nigeria’s membership of the ECOWAS, effect of restructuring the public sector, etc. ACCT 312: Public Sector Accounting & Reporting II Introduction to Public Sector Accounting: Distinction between Public and Private sectors, Basic accounting for Not-for-profit (NFP), Classification of NFP, Basic characteristics of governmental accounting. Structure of Governmental Accounting in Nigeria: The Treasury, Audit Department, Consolidated Revenue Fund, Capital and Development Fund, Financial Accounting and Analysis: Use of self-accounting system, fund accounting system, and Standardized uniforms for transactions. Decision making and Planning and Control of Public Fund: Application of costing methods, Budgeting processes (IPSAS 24), the Use of Audit Department, Accounting for Local Government, Educational and Health ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 57 institutions. History and evolution of IPSAS (Meaning, Objective, Scope, Due process, Convergence of IPSAS with IFRS).Detailed studies on IPSAS Reporting. ACCT 314: Company Law Introduction to Company Law. Definition of a Company; Historical Development of a Company and Company Law: from Guilds of Merchants to Nigerian Acts of Parliament; Classification of Companies- On account of Liability of Members; On the basis of Private or Public Dichotomy. Formation of a Company- Promoters: position, functions, duties, liabilities, payment; Raising Capital for the Company: the prospectus and other related issues. Incorporation of a Company- the Three Stages of Incorporation; Consequences of Incorporation; Effects of Incorporation Documents (Memo & Articles); Alteration

Members; On the basis of Private or Public Dichotomy. Formation of a Company- Promoters: position, functions, duties, liabilities, payment; Raising Capital for the Company: the prospectus and other related issues. Incorporation of a Company- the Three Stages of Incorporation; Consequences of Incorporation; Effects of Incorporation Documents (Memo & Articles); Alteration of MEMART; Lifting the Veil of Incorporation. Powers and Functions of Directors. Introduction to Taxation Laws. ACCT 317/318: Intermediate Financial Accounting & Reporting I & II This work is offered at both semesters. Topics include: Company Accounts: Formation, issue and redemption of Shares and debentures, Final accounts, Merger, Amalgamation, Absorption, etc. including Statutory requirements of Company accounts in respect of each area. Advanced Partnership accounts: Admission, retirement, dissolution, change of interest, including the treatment of goodwill on admission/retirement. Conversion of partnerships to Limited companies, amalgamation of partnerships. Departmental and Branch Accounts. (Home and Foreign branches). Introduction to interpretation of accounts and financial statement analysis – ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 58 Funds flow statements. A study of the Statement of Accounting Standards (SAS), Statement of Recommended Practice (SRP), Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria Act No. 6, 2011, Study of IFRS for SME’s and Introduction to IFRS Reporting. ACCT 319/320: Management Accounting I & II Accounting for management control purposes; Objectives and Methods of Management Accounting: Cost Accounting Systems; General Principles of Costing; Behavioral Aspects of Costs; Element of Cost; Fixed Variable and Semi-Variable Cost; Budgets, Budgetary Control, Preparation of Master and Subsidiary Budgets including Cash Forecasting; Standard Costing-Preparation and Computation of Variances; Marginal Costing; Bread-even Analysis; Sources of Finance, Discounting Techniques and Investment Appraisal. ACCT 321: Cost Accounting A review of history, principles and objectives (in terms of users) of Cost Accounting (information).Preparation and presentation of Cost Accounting information for various users and levels of management as well

and Computation of Variances; Marginal Costing; Bread-even Analysis; Sources of Finance, Discounting Techniques and Investment Appraisal. ACCT 321: Cost Accounting A review of history, principles and objectives (in terms of users) of Cost Accounting (information).Preparation and presentation of Cost Accounting information for various users and levels of management as well as various types of businesses. Cost Accounting aspects of Materials, Labour and Over-heads. Integrated and uniform cost accounting. Job (including contract and batch) costing. Process costing; (detailed treatment of joint and by-products as well as spoilage).Marginal costing (break- even and cost-volume profit analysis).Standard costing and budgetary control-variances and Variance analysis: Quantity, Rate, Cost and Efficiency variances. Behavioral aspects of cost accounting. Topical issues in cost accounting. ACCT 323: Public Finance Economic Rationale for Public sector interventions and activity; Market efficiency versus Market failure, Distributional ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 59 concerns, Theory of Welfare Economics; Externalities and Government interventions; Public Goods and the Free Rider Problem; Making of Public Policies; Public Choice and Political Economy; Understanding a Nation’s fiscal architecture (Building Appropriate Revenue and Expenditure Systems); Public Expenditure Policy (Government Social Security policies; Public sector services/provision; Private sector participation and Public Private Partnerships in production/service delivery); Public Resource Mobilization and Expenditure, Government Debts, Economics of Taxation, Taxation of Income and Wealth, Taxation of Consumption, Taxation and the Environment, Taxation and Natural Resources, Tax Incentives, Tax Compliance and Enforcement, Tax Reform); Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations; State and Local Government Finance; Fiscal Federalism and Fiscal Decentralization; Resource Mobilization, Control and Transfers; Local Government Administration and Financing. ACCT 325/326: Forensic Accounting and Fraud Management I & II The course introduces the students into the specialized area of accounting involving data collection, preparation, analysis, and reporting, which can enable them to have the skills and capacity to discover/prevent financial fraud and to provide

Local Government Administration and Financing. ACCT 325/326: Forensic Accounting and Fraud Management I & II The course introduces the students into the specialized area of accounting involving data collection, preparation, analysis, and reporting, which can enable them to have the skills and capacity to discover/prevent financial fraud and to provide evidence in the case of litigation in a law court. Topics to be covered include presentation and analyses of accounting data and reports related to calculation of: economic damages; bankruptcy; insolvency; securities fraud; computer forensics and professional negligence. The following seven modules should be covered in the course: Forensic accounting; Financial investigation; Fraud examination; Occupational fraud and ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 60 abuse; Corporate governance and ethical issues; enterprise risk management. ACCT 327: Research Methodology Meaning and nature of research; Types of research; Attributes of a research problem; Reviewing literature; Research design and data collection; Data analysis and presentation; Presentation of research report; Ethical issues in research process. Skills of Scientific Investigation, information Gathering, Analysis and interpretation in dealing with business and organizational behaviour problems in Nigeria; the art of problem identification and analysis, data gathering, analysis and report writing; the problems and prospects of business research in a seller’s market like Nigeria. ACCT 328: Taxation I Nigerian System of Income Tax Administration: structure and procedures, returns, assessments, appeal, postponement, collection; with reference to all necessary legislations. Distinction between the taxation of income and the taxation of capital. Personal Income Tax: the law and practice of Income tax relating to individuals, exemptions, settlements, trusts, and estates. Partnership assessments, treatments of losses, computation of assessable income; commencement and cessation of trade or business. Company Tax – the principles and scope of Company Tax. The small company provisions including definitions, computations and exemptions. ACCT 329: Corporate Management Information System

tax relating to individuals, exemptions, settlements, trusts, and estates. Partnership assessments, treatments of losses, computation of assessable income; commencement and cessation of trade or business. Company Tax – the principles and scope of Company Tax. The small company provisions including definitions, computations and exemptions. ACCT 329: Corporate Management Information System Introduction to and Fundamentals of Data Processing: Brief history and Conventional data processing methods; Manual methods and mechanized methods. Electronic Data Processing ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 61 (EDP) methods: Batch processing, Real-time processing and the Management of EDP. Classification of systems and their relative merits. Closed loop and Open loop systems: Effect on time-lag; Total system approach and objectives; Total systems and subsystems. Introduction to data base. Data processing and Management Information Systems (MIS): The organization of MIS including the use of mechanical and electronic accounting machines, Flow charting and the Principles of systems design, and documentation and change over. Managerial uses of the information output as a basis for developing criteria and systems. Information needs of management and design of MIS. Computer and Data Processing: Evolution of the Computer and the Computer system Input, Output and Central Processing Unit. Hardware and Software. Introduction to Common Computer Programming Languages used in business. Business Systems hierarchical structure of Organizations; the sub- optimization issue. ACCT 330: Auditing I All International Auditing Standards (ISA) as it relates to the following: The nature and purpose of an audit: The role of internal audit, external audit, reporting responsibilities, appointment, dismissal, resignation. The concepts of “true and fair”, “independence of auditor”. Relationship of auditors to directors, shareholders and other financial statements’ users. Audit Planning: Initial review of accounting system, evaluation of internal control system and procedures, development of an audit programme. Audit procedures: Vouching of accounts, verification of assets, sampling techniques, flow charting,

concepts of “true and fair”, “independence of auditor”. Relationship of auditors to directors, shareholders and other financial statements’ users. Audit Planning: Initial review of accounting system, evaluation of internal control system and procedures, development of an audit programme. Audit procedures: Vouching of accounts, verification of assets, sampling techniques, flow charting, stock taking procedures, letter of representation. The Audit Report: Statutory requirements for audit report (Companies Act 1990). Types of Audit Report; Professional requirements, Duties and ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 62 powers under statue and case law, Independence and ethical considerations. 400 Level ACCT 401/402: Advanced Financial Accounting and Reporting I & II Further studies on IFRS Reporting: Review of Company Accounts. Group accounts: Preparation of consolidated accounts, Elimination of Intra-group balances and Profit on Intra-group transactions. Treatment of minority interest, and cost of control. Accounting problems of group companies including multinationals. Takeovers, Mergers, Reconstructions, Reorganizations, Associate companies. Accounting for Acquisitions and Mergers. Accounting for Foreign Operations: Foreign branches, Affiliates, Methods of conversion etc. Valuation of share and business: Going concern and Break-up basis. Bankruptcy and Insolvency: Requirements of the statute and Accounting for Bankruptcy and Insolvency. Accounting for Specialized transactions; Joint Ventures, Hire-purchases, Goods on sales or returns, Royalties, Containers, Consignments, Investments and Securities, Bills of Exchange and Pension Fund. Accounting for Banks and Insurance Industries, with special reference to relevant legislations. Interpretation of financial statements: Ratio Analysis for Working Capital and Statements of the Sources and Application of Funds and Cash flows; and Objectives of disclosure. ACCT 403: Taxation II Business Taxation: Computation of tax, Loss relief and Capital Allowances (including change of date of fiscal year, and loss of office) with particular reference to companies. Relief for small companies and pioneers companies. Capital transfer, tax – ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 63 transfer,

ACCT 403: Taxation II Business Taxation: Computation of tax, Loss relief and Capital Allowances (including change of date of fiscal year, and loss of office) with particular reference to companies. Relief for small companies and pioneers companies. Capital transfer, tax – ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 63 transfer, inter-vivos and transfer on death, and computation of transfer. Application of IAS 12 (Income Tax). ACCT 405: Auditing, Assurance & Investigation II This course should cover meaning and evolution of Auditing, assurance & Investigation. Typologies; international auditing standards; public sector auditing standards; planning the audit; audit risk assessment; executing the audit; audit and investigation in a computerised environment; audit review and reporting. ACCT 407/408: International Accounting I & II Historical background to International Accounting, the Concepts of international and universal Accounting, International Accounting organizations, International Accounting Standards not covered by IFRS. Other emerging IFRS. Preparation, translation and analysis of financial statements of multinational companies. Accounting and control problems of foreign companies. Method of transfer of dividends, Cost of foreign products, Funds for foreign directors, etc. ACCT 410: Corporate Finance This course provides an introduction to the theory, the methods, and the concerns of corporate finance. The main topics include: 1) the time value of money and capital budgeting techniques; 2) uncertainty and the trade-off between risk and return; 3) security market efficiency; 4) optimal capital structure, and 5) dividend policy decisions. This course also studies the major decision-making areas of managerial finance and some selected topics in financial theory. These may include leasing, mergers and acquisitions, corporate reorganizations, financial planning ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 64 and working capital management, and some other selected topics. ACCT 411: Business Policy and Strategy The course equips the students with the analytical tools for understanding the dynamics of the business environment

may include leasing, mergers and acquisitions, corporate reorganizations, financial planning ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 64 and working capital management, and some other selected topics. ACCT 411: Business Policy and Strategy The course equips the students with the analytical tools for understanding the dynamics of the business environment in a globalized world. It enables the students to acquire the latest methods and means of developing strategic decisions. It also exposes the students to the dynamics of strategy, conceptual frameworks and models for the analysis of competitive situations and rudiments of strategic management Topics to be covered include: corporate strategy relating to the environment, and opportunities and constraints facing business organizations, with particular reference to the following strategic areas: organization; execution and evaluation of decisions; corporation and society; corporation and government; and case studies and analysis. ACCT 412: Executorships, Bankruptcy& Liquidation The course introduces students to situations that lead to business cessation and the related bankruptcy conditions that affect the application of the going concern. It examines legal, economic, financial and managerial implications of possible or actual cessation of business and the procedures involved. A careful study and applications of Bankruptcy Act, Companies and Allied Matters Act as far as liquidation of firms is concerned will be examined. Financial statements preparation, statement of Affairs, Deficiency/Surplus Accounts, Liquidators Accounts etc will be covered, Deeds of arrangements, rules disposition of property by wills and letters of administration, law and accounts relating to the administration of insolvent estates, trusteeship, Trusteeship relating to the administration ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 65 insolvent estates, trusts and estates of deceased persons. Corporate collapses etc. ACCT 419: Research Projects Developing students’ skill in analyzing and writing reports based on an empirical or library study of a specific subject matter or topic in relevant areas

the administration ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 65 insolvent estates, trusts and estates of deceased persons. Corporate collapses etc. ACCT 419: Research Projects Developing students’ skill in analyzing and writing reports based on an empirical or library study of a specific subject matter or topic in relevant areas of Accounting, Finance Auditing, Taxation and Corporate Information System. Students should present a research-based report of not less than 2,000 words at the end of the session. ACCT 413/414: Financial Management I & II The nature, scope and purpose of Financial Management; Sources and costs of Short, Medium and Long-term Finance; Sources and problems of new financing, Capital budgeting; Management of working capital. Analysis and interpretation of basic financial statements; Business mergers and take-over; Determinants and Implications of Dividend policy, Valuation of shares, Assets and Enterprises. Risks of Finance and methods of avoiding them. Banking systems and Industrial finance, Mortgage Finance, Capital Structure of Nigerian firms. Introduction to Financial derivatives, issues in international financial management. ACCT 416: Business Decision Analysis Elements of Decision analysis, types of decision situations, decision trees, operational research to decision to decision analysis, systems and system analysis; modeling in OR simulation; cases for OR Analysis, Mathematical programming; transportation Model, assignment model, conflict analysis and game theory, project management, other ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 66 OR Models; inventory, replacement, line balancing, routing and sequencing and search. ACCT 417: Accounting Theory This course is designed to introduce the students to theories of financial accounting. At the end of the course the students should have learnt theories surrounding most accounting practices. Areas of to cover include a review of basic accounting procedures, including the rationale of financial accounting and the economic foundations of accounting generally, elements of the history of accounting, working papers and interpretations of

the end of the course the students should have learnt theories surrounding most accounting practices. Areas of to cover include a review of basic accounting procedures, including the rationale of financial accounting and the economic foundations of accounting generally, elements of the history of accounting, working papers and interpretations of financial statements, including the analysis of working capital and statements of the cash flows, generally accepted accounting principles and net income concepts, including the valuation of stock and work-in-progress. ACCT 418: Corporate Governance and Accounting Ethics The course exposes the students into the nature and purpose of ethics in accounting as well as the conceptual importance of ethics in ensuring corporate/business integrity, transparency and accountability. Topics to be covered include: nature, concept and purpose of accounting ethics; importance of accounting ethics; causes and consequences of unethical accounting practices; enforcement of accounting ethics; internal audit/control and ethics; ethical framework of accounting; creative accounting practices; ethical threats and safeguards; relevant accounting standards for accountability and transparency. General Examination Regulations See DLC Examination Guidelines. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 67 Graduation Requirements i) All candidates to be admitted into the B.Sc. degree in Accounting programme must possess five (5) O’level credits in English Language, Mathematics, Economics and any other two (2) credits in social sciences or Art subject in the SSCE, WASC, NECO, NABTEB at not more than two (2) sittings. Such as Book keeping and Accounts, Geography, Literature in English, etc. At UTME level, candidates must write Government, Economic or History, English language and any other social sciences or art subject. The ‘A’ Level subject for Direct Entry candidates must include Government/History and Economics. ii) Minimum of three and maximum of five academic sessions for DE candidates. iii) Minimum of four and maximum of six academic sessions for UTME candidates.

History, English language and any other social sciences or art subject. The ‘A’ Level subject for Direct Entry candidates must include Government/History and Economics. ii) Minimum of three and maximum of five academic sessions for DE candidates. iii) Minimum of four and maximum of six academic sessions for UTME candidates. iv) The students will be awarded certificate on the basis of the credits attained in final examination. The continuous assessment will be 30%. While the final examination carries 70% in each courses. UTME candidates are required to earn a minimum of 120 Total credits units Earned (TCUE) and 90 TCUE for Direct Entry students before graduation v) Minimum CGPA for graduation: 1: 00 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 68 3.8 EXAMINATION RESULTS/COMPUTATION OF GPA Grading of courses shall be done by a combination of percentage marks and letter grades translated into a graduated system of grade point as shown below; Marks (%) Letter Grade Grade Point 70-100 A 5 60-69 B 4 50-59 C 3 45-49 D 2 40-44 E 1 0-39 F 0 Semester Grades i. Semester Grade Point Average (GPA) are calculated on the basis of A,B,C.D, E, and F, which are equivalent to 5,4,3,2,1, and 0 Grade Points (GP), respectively. ii. The minimum pass mark is 40%. Hence, a minimum CGPA of 1.00 is required for graduation. iii. In order to obtain an overall pass in the examinations in any year of study, a student is required to maintain a CGPA of at least 1.00 to be in “good academic standing”. A student whose cumulative GPA falls below 1.00 at the end of any year of study shall be placed on “probation”. iv. How Grade Points are computed in your courses; Example Suppose a 100 Level student in the Department of Accounting has the following

to be in “good academic standing”. A student whose cumulative GPA falls below 1.00 at the end of any year of study shall be placed on “probation”. iv. How Grade Points are computed in your courses; Example Suppose a 100 Level student in the Department of Accounting has the following results in the first and second semester. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 69 First Semester (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Course Grades Grade Credit Credit Points Units Points (CP) ACCT 101 65(B) 4 3 12 ACCT 103 76(A) 5 2 10 ACCT 105 70(A) 5 2 10 ACCT 107 63(B) 4 3 12 ACCT 109 72(A) 5 2 10 ACCT 111 73(A) 5 2 10 GENS 101 41(E) 1 1 1 GENS 103 57(C) 3 2 6 17 71 Total Credit Units Registered (TCUR) =3+2+2+3+2+2+1+2 = 17 Total Credit Units Earned (TCUE) =3+2+2+3+2+2+1+2 = 17 Grade Point Average (GPA) =CP = 71 = 4.18 TCUR 17 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 70 Thus first semester GPA = 4.18 Second Semester (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Course Grades Grade Credit Credit Points Units Points (CP) ACCT 102 75(A) 5 3 15 ACCT 104 64(B) 4 2 8 ACCT 106 70(A) 5 2 10 ACCT 108 75(A) 5 3 15 ACCT 110 60(B) 4 3 12 ACCT 112 69(B) 4 3 12 GENS 102 52(C) 3 1 3 GENS 104 67(B) 4 1 4 18 79 Total Credit Units Registered (TCUR) =3+2+2+3+3+3+1+1 = 18 Total Credit Units Earned (TCUE) =3+2+2+3+3+3+1+1 = 18 Grade Point Average (GPA) = CP = 79= 4.39 TCUR 18 Thus second semester GPA = 4.39 The Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) is computed as; CGPA= Previous TCP + Present TCP Previous TCUR + Present TCUR = 71 + 79 =4.29 17 + 18 The

(TCUE) =3+2+2+3+3+3+1+1 = 18 Grade Point Average (GPA) = CP = 79= 4.39 TCUR 18 Thus second semester GPA = 4.39 The Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) is computed as; CGPA= Previous TCP + Present TCP Previous TCUR + Present TCUR = 71 + 79 =4.29 17 + 18 The class of any degree awarded shall be determined by a student’s final CGPA as follows:- 3.9 CLASSIFICATION OF DEGREE CGPA CLASS OF DEGREE 4.50-500 1st First Class 3.50-4.49 2nd Class Upper Division 2.40-3.49 2nd Class Lower Division 1.50-2.39 Third Class 1.00-1.49 Pass Below 1.00 Fail ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 71 APPENDIX 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PREAMBLE The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. 1.2 DLC LAW AND STATUTE The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR DLC EXAMINATION POLICY 1. The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc.

University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR DLC EXAMINATION POLICY 1. The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 72 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations shall be supervised examinations as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 NIGERIAN STUDENTS Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 73 Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. 3.0 PREPARATION

their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 73 Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 74 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. 4.0 ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations

in established JAMB Certified institutions. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 74 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. 4.0 ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three (3) semester in every session. 4. Examination timelines: a. All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e-tutors within four weeks of the semester. b. All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c. All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d. A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 75 system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9.

of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 76 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1) Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2) The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3) Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their

Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3) Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour after the examination has started shall not be allowed to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 77 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate

mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 78 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1) Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment. 2) Students who fail to write

the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1) Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment. 2) Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3) Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4) Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 79 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1) There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2) Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESISMANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4.

Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 80 mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 81 v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 OFFENCE BY STUDENTS (A) Expulsion The following offences

an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 81 v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 OFFENCE BY STUDENTS (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: i. Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination. ii. Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. iii. Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. iv. Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. v. Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. vi. Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. vii. Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. viii. Willful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 82 ix. Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. x. Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session i. Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) ii. Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. iii. Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) iv. If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. v. Introduction of mobile

or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) ii. Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. iii. Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) iv. If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. v. Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. vi. Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations vii. Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 83 (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i. Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii. Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. 11.2 OFFENCES INVOLVING STAFF 1) Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. 2) Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1) Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2) Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3) An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4) Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their

able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3) An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4) Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Accounting) 84 5) Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Scripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook i DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE Ahmadu Bello University STUDENT HANDBOOK BSc. Business Administration ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook ii © 2023 Distance Learning Centre, ABU Zaria, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the Director, Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. First published 2018 Published and Printed by Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tel: 08065949711 abupress@abu.edu.ng info@abupress.com.ng Website: www.abupress.com.ng ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook iii FOREWORD Whereas the Distance Learning Centre Prospectus covers all aspects of the Distance Learning delivery in Ahmadu Bello University, the DLC B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook is designed to give you an overview of the B.Sc. Business Administration by Distance Learning in the Ahmadu Bello University. A Handbook of this nature is a must read for you. It provides useful information on the nature, orientation and scope of the B.Sc. Business Administration programme as well as highlights the uniqueness of this delivery modality. As you opt for the distance learning mode to acquire a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration we shall strive to make your learning experience a memorable one. I urge you to commit, discipline and submit yourself to the demand of distance education. This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking

studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook iv CONTENTS Copyright page……………………………………………ii Table of Contents…………………………………………iv PART 1: General Information ... ... ... v 1.1 Principal Officers of the University ... ... 2 1.2 Visitor, Principal Officers, Deans and Directors ... 3 1.3 Historical Perspective ... ... ... ... 5 1.6 University Administration ... ... ... 8 1.7 Faculties, Institutes, Centres and Schools ... ... 9 PART 2 Distance Learning Centre ... ... ... 12 2.1 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 12 2.2 Distance Learning Centre Academic Calendar … 15 2.3 Deployment of Distance Learning Programmes … 17 2.4 Studying as a Distance … … … … 21 2.11 Waiver and Deferment Guidelines … … 29 PART 3 BSc. Business Administration … … 35 3.1 Overview … … … … … … 36 3.2 Objectives of Programme … … … … 36 3.3 Admission Requirements … … … … 36 3.6 Complaints and Counselling … … … 37 3.7 Course Structure and Requirements for Graduation 39 3.8 Examination Results. … … … … 43 3.9 Classification of Degree … … … … 47 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy … … 48 ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook v PART I General Information ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook vi ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 1 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder

DLC Examination Policy … … 48 ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook v PART I General Information ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook vi ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 1 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 2 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Malam Adamu Fika, CFR Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Danladi A. Ameh Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 3 1.2 VISITOR, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEANS AND DIRECTORS Visitor: Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vic- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director,

Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar Farouq Yaya Director, Directorate of University Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 4 Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna Director, Centre for

Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law: Dr. Salim Bashir Magashi Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 5 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented

are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded in Samaru, Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and

postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 6 The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institutionhas since inception been under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (1975- 1978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (1986- 1991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991-1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004-2009), Professor Abdullahi Mustapha (2009-2015), Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Prof.essor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental re- organisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the

re- organisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 7 production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 8 1.5 PHILOSOPHY

the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 8 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the

a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 9 The University Senate building 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 10 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre

26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 11 PART II Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 12 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus-based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180

programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional income by means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 13 of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and

at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and e- Learning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 14 some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former

tertiary education in distance learning in ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 14 some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 15 There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance

Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 16 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferment ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 17 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. International Studies, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF

Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 18 iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation

undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 19 The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of relevant Discussion questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: ABU Distance Learning B.Sc.

for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 20 i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student- student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common room. The Liaison Offices shall be administered by an Administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation,

the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 21 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will be working through specially prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills that would assist you in studying independently. A. Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission

course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 22 information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to read between the lines and beyond the lines; 5. You must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and

of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write well by imitating good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 23 volume of what you are reading. Therefore, you need the skill of note taking and note making. When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; 3. be consistent in note taking; 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of

them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will make study more appropriate and effective such as: 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while you are studying because notes may not ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 24 be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What

viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing, drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. i. Start early To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact yourfirst day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 25 ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations.

for revision later. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 25 ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand- outs or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials to learn for examinations. v. Revise Revise for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the

organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 26 revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You are learning the facts for the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline

as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 27 Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out

views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well-focused conclusion. 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 28 Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations

Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 29 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need

Student Handbook 29 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. 1. Read and fully understand the examination regulations 2. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. ABU Distance

2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 30 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment application is abudlc-edu.ng 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be made at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 31 At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured

to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 31 At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester – whichever is more convenient for you. - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). -

you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 32 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops,

guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e-tutors shall be made available to you. - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 33 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component.

all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 34 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. - = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With

other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. - = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 35 PART III BSc. Business Administration ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 36 INTRODUCTION The BSc Business administration is a 4-year programme on-campus. On the distance learning platform however, flexibility of the delivery allows a student to either fast track of slow down the pace of study. The minimum duration of study is 8 semesters while the maximum duration is 16 semesters. BSc Business Administration of the DLC: 1. Structure of programme DLC offers B.Sc Business Administration Degree. The programme is structured along the following levels: 100 Level - Comprising of one academic year of two/three semesters each with a minimum of 16 weeks of interaction/lectures, tutorials and examination. 200 Level - Same as in 100 Level above. 300 Level - Same as in 100 Level above. 400 Level - Same as in 100 Level above. Course Credit System The course credit system refers to the organization of the curriculum in such a way that subjects are taught in a progressive order of difficulty from 100 level to 400 level. The second aspect of the system is that courses are assigned weights called credit units. These are assigned to all courses depending on the number of contact hours per week. Admission Requirements In addition to the meeting the minimum entry requirements candidates must submit originals and two photocopies of their certificates or result slips. General Entry Requirements i. Five relevant credit in

called credit units. These are assigned to all courses depending on the number of contact hours per week. Admission Requirements In addition to the meeting the minimum entry requirements candidates must submit originals and two photocopies of their certificates or result slips. General Entry Requirements i. Five relevant credit in SSCE. SC, GCE O/L or equivalent obtained at not more than two sittings ii. Two A/L passes plus O/L credit in 3 other subjects at not more than 2 sittings. Or three A/L passes plus two P/L credit in 2 other subjects at not more than two sittings iii Non Direct Entry Applicants must write the universities Matriculation Examination (UME) and ill tin n an acceptable standard in the use of English ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 37 (compulsory) and three other subjects relevant to the proposed course of study as set out in the JAMB Brochure. (iv) Direct Entry Applicants with one of the following qualifications may be considered for admission: A minimum of five subjects passed at not more than two sittings with at least two at the principal or advanced level of GCE or I.IMB and the others, at credit level of the SSCE/GCE O/L. • Two passes at the IJMB Examination or Cambridge Moderated Schools or Basic Studies Terminal Examination. • A.B.U. Diploma with Merit or Lower Credit grade including five O/L Credits in SSCE/GCE equivalent. (2) Specific Requirements (i) All UME candidates must obtain Five Credits including English, Mathematics and Economics at SSCE/NECO/SC or GCE O/L. (ii) Direct Entry Candidates must have IJMB, A/L GCE University requirement in the relevant subjects in addition to obtaining the five credits SSCE/NECO/SC or GCE O/L requirement A.B.U. Diplomas in Insurance, Accounting, Banking and Finance are also considered. G. Registration Guidelines Every student is expected to

SSCE/NECO/SC or GCE O/L. (ii) Direct Entry Candidates must have IJMB, A/L GCE University requirement in the relevant subjects in addition to obtaining the five credits SSCE/NECO/SC or GCE O/L requirement A.B.U. Diplomas in Insurance, Accounting, Banking and Finance are also considered. G. Registration Guidelines Every student is expected to register at the beginning of each Semester/session. I) Fresh Students All candidates admitted into B.Sc. Business are required to come along with all their original credentials and documents for screening. Registration of fresh students involves the following procedures. (i) The starting point is to collect admission letter from the Registration Officer at the Liaison Office, after the candidate must have been screened by the officer. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 38 (ii) The Student should collect teller from the Officer and proceed to pay the requisite fee. (iii)The student should register his or her courses and provide personal profile through ABUDLC website/portal www.register.abudlc.edu.ng) (iv) Finally, the student should open 2 files each containing his/her credentials. 2) Returning Students Registration of returning students involves the following procedures: (i) The student should pay the stipulated registration fees at the designated bank. (ii) The student should register his or her courses and may edit personal (iii) Finally, the student should submit the original of the signed course registration form to the Registration Officer. Notes a) Students are required to consult their Zonal Academic Advisers for proper guidance on courses to be registered. b) Any fresh student who fails to register within the stipulated period, is deemed to have voluntarily reject the admission. (i) Any returning student who fails to register within the stipulated period shall not be allowed to register in that session and shall forfeit the benefit of taking examination in any semester of that session, except with the

within the stipulated period, is deemed to have voluntarily reject the admission. (i) Any returning student who fails to register within the stipulated period shall not be allowed to register in that session and shall forfeit the benefit of taking examination in any semester of that session, except with the approval of the senate. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 39 General Description of Courses Code Course title Credit units Core/elective GENS 101 Nationalism 1 Core GENS 103 English & Communication Skills 2 Core BUAD 101 Introduction to Business 3 Core BUAD 103 Principles of Economics I 3 Core BUAD 105 Basics Mathematics I 3 Core BUAD 109 Introduction to Entrepreneurship 3 Core Total 15 100 Level Second Semester Common Courses Code Course title Credit units Core/elective BUAD 100 Introduction to Computer 3 Core BUAD 102 Introduction to Business II 3 Core BUAD 104 Principles of Economics II 3 Core BUAD 106 Basic Mathematics II 3 Core BUAD 110 Business Study Skills 3 Core Total 15 200 Level First Semester Courses Code Course Title Credit Units Core BUAD 201 Elements of Business Administration I 3 Core (General) BUAD 203 Business Statistics 3 Core (General) BUAD 205 Financial Accounting I 3 Core (General) BUAD 261 Micro-Economic Theory 3 Core (General) BUAD 211 Labour Economics 3 Core (Management Only) BUAD 221 Introduction to Psychology 3 Core (Marketing Only) BUAD 241 Banking Methods and Procedure 3 Core (Banking & Finance Only) NOTE: Direct entry students are to register GENS 101 & 103 100 Level First Semester ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 40 200 Level Second Semester Courses Code Course Title Credit Units Core BUAD 200 Applications of Computer 3 Core (General) BUAD 202 Principles of Business Administration II 3 Core (General) BUAD 204 Quantitative Analysis 3 Core (General)

103 100 Level First Semester ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 40 200 Level Second Semester Courses Code Course Title Credit Units Core BUAD 200 Applications of Computer 3 Core (General) BUAD 202 Principles of Business Administration II 3 Core (General) BUAD 204 Quantitative Analysis 3 Core (General) BUAD 206 Financial Accounting II 3 Core (General) BUAD 208 Business Law 3 Core (General) BUAD 262 Macro-Economic Theory 3 Core (General) GENS 202 Entrepreneurship and Innovation 2 Core (General) BUAD 272 Industrial Relations 3 Core (Management Only) BUAD 222 Marketing Thought 3 Core (Marketing Only) BUAD 242 Element of Banking 3 Core (Banking & Finance Only) 300 Level First Semester Courses Code Course Title Credit Units Core BUAD 301 Cost and Management Accounting 3 Core (General) BUAD 321 Element of Marketing 3 Core (General) BUAD 303 Introduction to Research 3 Core (General) BUAD 341 Elements of Finance 3 Core (General) BUAD 313 Human Behaviour in Organisations 3 Core (General) GENS 301 Business Creation and Growth 2 Core (General) BUAD 311 Management Theory 3 Core (Management Only) BUAD 323 Distribution and Sales Management 3 Core (Marketing Only) BUAD 343 Financial System 3 Core (Banking & Finance Only) BUAD 345 Monetary Theory 3 Core (Banking & Finance Only) NOTE: Special admission students are to also register lower-level GENS Courses (i.e GENS 101; 103 & 202). ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 41 300 Level Second Semester Courses Code Course Title Credit Units Core BUAD 302 Government Business and Society 3 Core (General) BUAD 304 Quantitative Methods in Research 3 Core (General) BUAD 342 Principles of Finance 3 Core (General) BUAD 322 Principles of Marketing 3 Core (General) BUAD 312 Management Practice 3 Core (General) BSAQ 302 Employability 3 Core (General) BUAD 314 Human Resource Management 3 Core (Management Only)

3 Core (General) BUAD 304 Quantitative Methods in Research 3 Core (General) BUAD 342 Principles of Finance 3 Core (General) BUAD 322 Principles of Marketing 3 Core (General) BUAD 312 Management Practice 3 Core (General) BSAQ 302 Employability 3 Core (General) BUAD 314 Human Resource Management 3 Core (Management Only) BUAD 324 Service Marketing 3 Core (Marketing Only) BUAD 344 Universal Banking 3 Core (Banking & Finance Only) BUAD 346 Project Evaluation 3 Core (Banking & Finance Only) 400 Level First Semester Courses Code Course Title Credit Units Core BUAD 401 Business Policy I 3 Core (General) BUAD 403 Production and Operation Management 3 Core (General) BUAD 404 Research Project 6 Core (General) BUAD 407 Business Communication Skills I 3 Core (General) BUAD 411 Corporate Planning 3 Core (Management Only) BUAD 413 Comparative Management 3 Core (Management Only) BUAD 415 Advanced Management Theory 3 Core (Management Only) BUAD 421 Consumer Behaviour 3 Core (Marketing Only) BUAD 425 Promotion Strategies 3 Core (Marketing Only) BUAD 423 Marketing Research 3 Core (Marketing Only) BUAD 441 Financial Management 3 Core (Banking & Finance Only) BUAD 443 Capital Market and Portfolio Theory 3 Core (Banking & Finance Only) BUAD 445 Law and Practice of Banking 3 Core (Banking & Finance Only) ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 42 400 Level Second Semester Courses Code Course Title Credit Units Core BUAD 402 Business Policy II 3 Core (General) BUAD 406 Entrepreneurial Development 3 Core (General) BUAD 408 Business Communication Skills II 3 Core (General) BUAD 492 Analysis for Business Decision 3 Core (General) BUAD 472 Comparative Industrial Relation 3 Core (Management Only) BUAD 426 Marketing Management 3 Core (Marketing Only) BUAD 442 Bank Lending and Loan Administration 3 Core (Banking & Finance Only) BUAD 444 International Finance 3 Core (Banking & Finance Only)

(General) BUAD 492 Analysis for Business Decision 3 Core (General) BUAD 472 Comparative Industrial Relation 3 Core (Management Only) BUAD 426 Marketing Management 3 Core (Marketing Only) BUAD 442 Bank Lending and Loan Administration 3 Core (Banking & Finance Only) BUAD 444 International Finance 3 Core (Banking & Finance Only) General Examination Regulations See DLC Examination Guidelines. Unless the context otherwise requires; • “Examination” means any examinations required by the Senate in a programme of studies to which these regulations apply. • “Session” means an academic year of 2/3 semesters as determined by the Senate. • “Semester” means the subdivision of the session/year of study into two/three sections: a semester normally should last about 18 weeks (including registration, teaching and examination period) provided that no less than 15 weeks each are actually devoted to teaching during the first and second semesters and 10-12 weeks (during the long* vacation semester). approved by the Senate. The continuous assessment of course work should be included in determining examination results. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 43 J. Graduation Requirements The department offers Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Business Administration Degree and has the following areas of specialization: Banking and (Finance, Management and Marketing. Each of these areas of specialization has specific minimum total credit units requirement to proceed to next level and final year graduation. The following table represents the total credit units requirement for each succeeding level and final year graduation. K. Examination Results/Computation of GPA 1. Semester Grades (iii) Semester grades are calculated as Grade Point Averages (GPA) on the basis of A,B,C.D, and F. which are equivalent to 5,4,3,2,1, and 0 Grade Points (GP). respectively for classified degrees. (iv) The minimum pass mark is 40% or (iI* nl I (til Hence, a minimum CGPA «l 1.00 is iet|uiifil Im

grades are calculated as Grade Point Averages (GPA) on the basis of A,B,C.D, and F. which are equivalent to 5,4,3,2,1, and 0 Grade Points (GP). respectively for classified degrees. (iv) The minimum pass mark is 40% or (iI* nl I (til Hence, a minimum CGPA «l 1.00 is iet|uiifil Im graduation. (v) In order to obtain an overall pass in the examinations in any year of study, a student is required to maintain a CGPA of at least 1.00 to be in “good academic standing”. A student whose cumulative GPA falls below 1.00 at the end of any year of study shall be placed on “probation”. (vi) How Grade Points are computed in your courses: The class of degree as described above is being determined by the efforts a student puts into his/her studies from 100 Level to 200 Level as the case may be to the final level/year of his/her studies. Example Suppose a 100 Level student in the Department of Business Administration has the following results in the first and second semester. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 44 First Semester (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Course Grades Grade Credit Credit Points Units Points BUAD 111 65(B) 4 2 8 BUAD 131 76(A) 5 2 10 BUAD 161 70(A) 5 1 5 BUAD 111 63(B) 4 2 8 BUAD 101 72(A) 5 1 5 BUAD 101 73(A) 5 1 5 BUAD 103 67(B) 4 1 4 BUAD 105 75(A) 5 l 5 BUAD 107 47(D) 2 1 2 BUAD 101 41(E) 1 2 2 BUAD 121 57(C) 3 2 6 16 60 Registered Credit Units (RCU) =2+2+l+2+l+l+l+l+l+2+2 = 16 Earned credit Units (ECU) = 2+2+1+2+1+1+1+1+1+2+2 = 16 Thus first semester GPA = 60 = 3.75 ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 45 A student

1 2 BUAD 101 41(E) 1 2 2 BUAD 121 57(C) 3 2 6 16 60 Registered Credit Units (RCU) =2+2+l+2+l+l+l+l+l+2+2 = 16 Earned credit Units (ECU) = 2+2+1+2+1+1+1+1+1+2+2 = 16 Thus first semester GPA = 60 = 3.75 ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 45 A student who is absent from any examination shall be deemed to Second Semester (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Course Grades Grade Credit Credit Points Units Points BUAD 122 75(A) 5 2 10 BUAD 124 72(A) 5 1 5 BUAD 162 64(B) 4 1 4 BUAD 102 69(B) 4 2 8 BUAD 104 70(A) 5 2 10 BUAD 106 78(A) 5 2 10 BUAD 108 75(A) 5 1 5 BUAD 100 72(A) 5 2 10 BUAD 112 56(C) 3 2 6 15 68 Thus for second semester GPA = 68 = 4.53 15 CGPA = Previous TCP + Present CP Previous TRCU + Present RCU Where: TCP-Total credit Points CP-Current Points TRCU-Total Registered Credit Units RCU- Registered Credit Units CGPA-Cumulative Grade Point Average Hence, CGPA = 60 + 68 = 4.13 16+15 A student who remains on Probation for two consecutive semesters and who fails to attain the status of “good academic standing” at the end of that year of study shall be withdrawn from the programme of study. Failure in any course shall be recorded as such and can only be redeemed by retaking and passing the examination in that course when next it is available. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 46 have failed the course-units missed, unless allowed to sit as his first attempt. The Senate on the recommendation of the relevant faculty/School Board may allow the student to sit the missed course- units later, as his first attempt. If the absence is explained on medical grounds

Administration Student Handbook 46 have failed the course-units missed, unless allowed to sit as his first attempt. The Senate on the recommendation of the relevant faculty/School Board may allow the student to sit the missed course- units later, as his first attempt. If the absence is explained on medical grounds (including, for female student, being more than 34 weeks pregnant), certified by an Ahmadu Bello University Medical Officer. The student’s overall results for the first attempt shall then be assessed, and if a supplementary examination should be taken then the faculty/School Board may allow this provided it can be arranged in time, failing which the student shall repeat the course-unit. In any case where a student has been absent from any examination other than on medical grounds, or he was absent on medical grounds but this was not certified by an Ahmadu Bello University Medical Officer, then the Senate on the recommendation of the relevant faculty/School Board may only allow that the student’s sitting the missed course- units later should be accepted as his first attempt. + The number and titles of the core and elective course-units to be examined in this department are as specified under section “G” above as approved by the Senate. (i) A Faculty/School Board may determine from time to time, on the recommendation of the departments concerned, and shall make any change known to the affected students by the start of the relevant session. At least two continuous assessment tests must be given per course per semester. (ii) Continuous assessment and semester examination marked scripts must be returned to the students within reasonable time. However, the semester examination marked scripts shall be collected back for safe keeping by the Chief Examiner. The procedure for marking examination scripts and for determining and listing the examination marks

per semester. (ii) Continuous assessment and semester examination marked scripts must be returned to the students within reasonable time. However, the semester examination marked scripts shall be collected back for safe keeping by the Chief Examiner. The procedure for marking examination scripts and for determining and listing the examination marks for each course unit shall be decided by the Board of Examiners, subject to any directions by the Faculty/School Board of the Senate. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 47 The mark for a course unit shall be the mean of the marks for the continuous assessment and semester examinations weighted as determined. In order to pass a course unit, a student must obtain at least the pass mark, which shall be 40%. The class of any degree awarded shall be determined by a student’s final CGPA as follows:- CLASSIFICATION OF DEGREE CGPA CLASS OF DEGREE 4.50-500 1st First Class 3.50-4.49 2nd Class Upper Division 2.40-3.49 2nd Class Lower Division 1.50-2.39 Third Class 1.00-1.49 Pass Below 1.00 Fail ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 48 Appendix 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES TABLE OF CONTENT Title Page Copyright Page Contents Definitions 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Preamble 1.2 DLC Law and Statute 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 2.0 Preparation for Examinations 3.0 Examination Venues 4.0. Administering Examinations 5.0 Appointment of External/Internal Moderators/Examiners 6.0 General Examination Regulations, 7.0 Consequences for Failing to Write Examinations 8.0 Academic Monitoring/Quality Assurance 9.0 Research Work and Project, Dissertation and Thesis Management 10.0 Duties of Invigilators 11.0 Examination Malpractice 12.0 Sanctions 12.1 Offence by Students 12.2 Offences Involving Staff 13.0 Management of Examination Results 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations

of Invigilators 11.0 Examination Malpractice 12.0 Sanctions 12.1 Offence by Students 12.2 Offences Involving Staff 13.0 Management of Examination Results 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 49 in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. 1.2 DLC Law and Statute The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 1. The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations shall be supervised examinations as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made

Universities Commission. Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 50 recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 Nigerian Students Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 International Students Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two

for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 51 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. 4.0. ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three (3) semester in every session. 4. Examination timelines: a. All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e-tutors within four weeks of the semester. b. All examination questions are to be internally and externally

examinations shall be held in each of the three (3) semester in every session. 4. Examination timelines: a. All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e-tutors within four weeks of the semester. b. All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c. All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 52 d. A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of

and make recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 53 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour after the examination has started shall not be allowed to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the

not be allowed to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 54 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in

of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 55 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2. Online Programme

the programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESIS MANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 56 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates

Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 57 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 Offence by Students (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: i) Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination ii) Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. iii) Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 58 iv) Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination

the examination ii) Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. iii) Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 58 iv) Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. v) Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. vi) Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. vii) Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. viii) Willful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. ix) Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. x) Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session i) Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) ii) Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. iii) Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) iv) If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. v) Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. vi) Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations vii) Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 59 (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. 11.2 Offences Involving Staff 1.

Vigicode in the examination hall. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Business Administration Student Handbook 59 (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. 11.2 Offences Involving Staff 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. 2. Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. 5. Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Scripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE Ahmadu Bello University STUDENT HANDBOOK B.Sc. COMPUTER SCIENCE ii ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) © 2023 Distance Learning Centre, ABU Zaria, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the Director, Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. First published 2018 Published and Printed by Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tel: 08065949711 abupress@abu.edu.ng info@abupress.com.ng Website: www.abupress.com.ng iii ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) FORWORD Whereas the Distance Learning Centre Prospectus covers all aspects of the Distance Learning delivery in Ahmadu Bello University, the DLC B.Sc. Computer Science Student Handbook is designed to give you an overview of the B.Sc. Computer Science by Distance Learning in the Ahmadu Bello University. A Handbook of this nature is a must read for you. It provides useful information on the nature, orientation and scope of the B.Sc. Computer Science programme as well as highlights the uniqueness of this delivery modality. As you opt for the distance learning mode to acquire a Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Science, we shall strive to make your learning experience a memorable one. I urge you to commit, discipline and submit yourself to the demand of distance education. This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again, I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE

learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again, I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre iv ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) CONTENTS Copyright Page ... ... ... ... ... ii Forword ... ... ... ... ... ... iii Contents ... ... ... ... ... … iv PART 1: General Information ... ... ... 1 1.1 Principal Officers of the University ... ... 3 1.2 Visitor, Principal Officers, Deans and Directors 4 1.3 DLC Principal Officers ... ... ... 7 1.4 Historical Perspective ... ... ... 8 1.5 University Administration ... ... ... 10 1.6 Faculties, Institutes, Centres and Schools ... 12 PART 2 Distance Learning Centre ... ... 14 2.1 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 15 2.2 Distance Learning Centre Academic Calendar. 16 2.3 Deployment of Distance Learning Programmes 19 2.4 Studying as a Distance Learner ... ... 19 2.5 Waiver and Deferment Guidelines ... ... 31 PART 3 BSc. Computer Science ... ... ... 39 3.1 Overview ... ... ... ... ... 40 3.2 Objectives of Programme ... ... ... 41 3.3 Admission Requirements ... ... ... 42 3.4 Registration ... ... ... ... ... 42 3.5 Matriculation ... ... ... ... ... 43 3.6 Complaints and Counselling ... ... ... 44 3.7 Course Structure and Requirements for Graduation 44 3.8 Examination Results ... ... ... ... 85 3.9 Classification of Degree ... ... ... 86 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 87 1.0 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 87 v ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 1.1 Preamble ... ... ... ... ...

for Graduation 44 3.8 Examination Results ... ... ... ... 85 3.9 Classification of Degree ... ... ... 86 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 87 1.0 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 87 v ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 1.1 Preamble ... ... ... ... ... 87 1.2 DLC Law and Statute ... ... ... 87 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy ... 87 2.0 Examination Venues ... ... ... ... 88 2.1 Nigerian Students ... ... ... ... 88 2.2 International Students ... ... ... ... 88 3.0 Preparation For Examinations ... ... 89 4.0 Administering Examinations ... ... ... 90 5.0 Appointment of External/Internal Moderators/Examiners 92 6.0 General Examination Regulations ... ... 92 7.0 Consequences for Failing to Write Examinations 94 8.0 Academic Monitoring/Quality Assurance ... 95 9.0 Research Work and Project, Dissertation and Thesis management ... ... … … 95 10.0 Duties of Invigilators ... ... ... ... 95 11.0 Examination Malpractice ... ... ... 96 12.0 Sanctions ... ... ... ... ... 97 12.1 Offence by Students ... ... ... ... 97 11.2 Offences Involving Staff ... ... ... 99 13.0 Management of Examination Results ... ... 99 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) vi PART I General Information ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 1 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 2 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Malam Adamu Fika, CFR Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Danladi A. Ameh Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad

OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Malam Adamu Fika, CFR Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Danladi A. Ameh Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 3 1.2 VISITOR, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEANS AND DIRECTORS Visitor: Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vice- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of

Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar Farouq Yaya ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 4 Director, Directorate of University Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of

Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law: Dr. Salim Bashir Magashi Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 5 Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 6 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts

the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded in Samaru, Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 7 research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institutionhas since inception been under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar

a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institutionhas since inception been under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (1975- 1978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (1986- 1991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991-1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004-2009), Professor Abdullahi Mustapha (2009-2015), Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Prof.essor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental re- organisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 8 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century,

century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 9 Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the

Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 10 required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. The

Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. The University Senate building ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 11 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 12 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS)

(B.Sc. Computer Science) 12 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 13 PART II Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 14 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus-based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with

Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional income by means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 15 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged

qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and e- Learning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 16 to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre

Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 17 academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. 18 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferments ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science)

18 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferments ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 19 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. International Studies, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 20 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB

DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 21 the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have

Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of relevant Discussion questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 22 iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on

(optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 23 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student- student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common room. The Liaison Offices shall be administered by an Administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your

Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will be working through specially prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 24 Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills that would assist you in studying independently. A. Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books.

of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 25 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to read between the lines and beyond the lines; 5. You must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing

v. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write well by imitating good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are reading. Therefore, you need the skill of note taking and note making. When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; 3. be consistent in note taking; ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 26 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place

any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will make study more appropriate and effective such as: 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while you are studying because notes may not ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 27 be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax

to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing, drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 28 C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. i. Start early To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact your first day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that

examinations. iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand- outs or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials to learn for examinations. v. Revise Revise for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 29 vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many

through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You are learning the facts for the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 30 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use

you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 31 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident

out another view 16 State present as it is ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 31 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well-focused conclusion. 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 32 F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question.

Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 32 F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 33 G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. 1. Read and fully understand the examination regulations 2. ii.. Be sure of the time and venue of

examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. 1. Read and fully understand the examination regulations 2. ii.. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write 8. this first. You may forget to do so later on. 9. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your 10. presentation. 11. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 34 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible

Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 34 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for the deferment application is abudlc- edu.ng 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be made at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 35 D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, Acct No.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer

Microfinance Bank, Acct No.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester – whichever is more convenient for you. - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 36 - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum

- You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 37 - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail,

(tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e-tutors shall be made available to you. - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 38 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available

elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 39 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. - = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 40 PART III B.Sc. Computer Science ABU Distance Learning

this provision is also available to you. - = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 40 PART III B.Sc. Computer Science ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 41 3.0 OVERVIEW The Distance Learning Centre (DLC) has established academic requirements that apply to all students working towards a first degree in Computer Science that are consistent with the standards set by the National University Commission (NUC). These requirements reflect the Centre’s commitment to a broad- based quality education. The main components of the Distance Learning BSc. Computer Science programme are: (a) Core Curricular; in which students concentrate their studies and receive degrees. (b) Electives; which permit students to take courses of their own choice in consultation with their academic advisors. (c) General Studies; which acquaint students with the foundation of general education in science, social sciences and humanities, as well as inculcating in the undergraduate students the essence of nationalism and morality. (d) Internship; which permits students to go on a 6 month industrial training to learn on the job applications of the field in an organization of their preferred area of specialization. The BSc. Computer Science programme runs for a three year and a four year period leading to the award of the Bachelor of Science Degree in Computer Science. The three year program lasts for a minimum of six semesters and a maximum of ten semesters, and admits direct entry candidates to the 200 level. Candidates admitted into the four year program start from the 100 level. The program lasts for a minimum of eight semesters and a maximum of twelve semesters. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 42

a maximum of ten semesters, and admits direct entry candidates to the 200 level. Candidates admitted into the four year program start from the 100 level. The program lasts for a minimum of eight semesters and a maximum of twelve semesters. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 42 3.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME It is expected that, at the end of the undergraduate programme in the Distance Learning Centre students would have acquired: The necessary skill-set to function in today’s fast-growing technological world, as computers have become indispensable in almost all activities - irrespective of gender, race, location and in flexible manner. They offer a wide range of functions and services. Few of such areas where Computer Science is applicable include the following:  Education  Medicine  Business  Banking  Government  Defense  Communication The electives at 100 and 200 levels are designed to enable students acquire a liberal education and to broaden the intellectual base of the student. The general studies acquaint students with the foundation of general education in the sciences, social sciences and humanities as well as inculcating in the undergraduate students the essence of nationalism and morality. 3.3 ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS General Entry Requirements The Department admits students into 100 level as well as 200 level for the B.Sc (Hons.) Computer Science based on their ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 43 qualifications. In rare cases they may be admitted into upper levels. I. For 100 level: Candidates must satisfy the general University and Faculty of Science requirements of five O’Level credits which must include: Mathematics, English, Physics and any other two relevant science subjects at Senior Secondary School Certificate level or examination in at most two sittings. II. For 200 level: Candidates must in addition to (I) above have

the general University and Faculty of Science requirements of five O’Level credits which must include: Mathematics, English, Physics and any other two relevant science subjects at Senior Secondary School Certificate level or examination in at most two sittings. II. For 200 level: Candidates must in addition to (I) above have an Advanced level (A ‘Level) or its equivalence in Computer Science and any other science subject. 3.4 REGISTRATION Registration of students who are offered provisional admission into the DLC is conducted in a central location and lasts for two to three weeks. At the venue of the registration exercise, the registration officer will check and ensure that an applicant’s name is on the admission list before asking the candidate to show his/her original copies of the following documents: (a) Academic certificates (SSCE O/Level, A/level, UME scores, etc.) to confirm that the student fulfils the admission requirements. (b) Local Government Area of origin declaration (c) Valid travelling documents and Residence permit (if a foreign student) (d) Birth Certificate or Sworn Declaration of Age If they have ascertained that the credentials are satisfactory, the registration officer will issue registration forms and files to the new student. Certain of forms having been completed by the ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 44 student, the student will be given a registration number which together with the students profile will be forwarded to the Management Information Unit of the Centre for uploading unto the Student’s Management System as well as the Centre’s database. Once the uploading has been done successfully, the new student will proceed to the payment of registration fees and the online course registration. The student can also proceed to request for his/her identification card using the online payment receipt obtained from the bank into which the registration fees were paid.

Once the uploading has been done successfully, the new student will proceed to the payment of registration fees and the online course registration. The student can also proceed to request for his/her identification card using the online payment receipt obtained from the bank into which the registration fees were paid. 3.5 MATRICULATION All students admitted into the Distance Learning Centre for the first time (100 or 200 level) are required to matriculate just as their on campus counterparts. The students matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice-Chancellor and the Director of the Distance Learning Centre. The Director shall clearly spell out the core values, in terms of the mission and vision of the DLC to the students. 3.6 COMPLAINTS AND COUNSELLING The complaints and counselling committee shall assist students with both academic and personal matters where possible. The guidance and counselling unit assist students with issues relating to registration, examination, general academic issues and personal matters as well. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 45 3.7 COURSE STRUCTURE AND REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATION i. Course Structure The undergraduate program has five main elements (a) Core courses; (b) Project-six credit units in final year; (c) Electives from within the program and other programs from the unit (d) General courses. (e) Foundational courses Table 1 below shows the core courses, electives and the minimum and maximum credit requirements for promotion at each level and graduation. TABLE 1: Course Structure (Core Courses, Electives and Requirements for promotion and graduation) Structure and Duration The duration of B.Sc. (Hons.) Computer Science programme is four years. There are two semesters of formal University Studies in each academic session. At 300 Level, a student is expected to go for at least 6 months Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) after completion of the

Structure and Duration The duration of B.Sc. (Hons.) Computer Science programme is four years. There are two semesters of formal University Studies in each academic session. At 300 Level, a student is expected to go for at least 6 months Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) after completion of the first semester courses, at the end of which he/she has to write, present and defend a report on what he/she learnt in the industry. At 400 Level, each student undertakes a one year project in any field of interest besides the usual prescribed courses. A report on the project is also to be presented and defended. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 46 Summary: B.Sc. Computer Science 100 Level 200 Level 300 Level 400 Level TOTAL Core Courses (Departmental) 22 27 20 31 100 Cognate Courses (GENS) 3 2 2 0 7 Restricted Electives 2 3 6 6 17 Unrestricted Electives 8 9 2 6 25 TOTAL 35 41 30 43 149 The above summary table shows that for a student to graduate he/she needs to register a total of at least 149 credit units of which 100 credits must be core. The following gives a detailed breakdown of the courses in the curriculum on a semester-by-semester basis. 100 LEVEL – A MINIMUM OF 35 CREDIT UNITS.  Core courses (Departmental) : 22  Core courses (General Studies) : 03  Restricted Elective : 02  Unrestricted Electives : 08  Total : 35  Core Courses (Departmental) 1ST Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite MATH101 Sets and Number System 2 O/L Maths MATH103 Trigonometry and Co- ordinate Geometry 2 “ MATH105 Differential and Integral Calculus 2 “ COSC101 Introduction to Computing 2 “ PHYS111 Mechanics 2 O/L Physics PHYS131 Heat and properties of matter 2 “

1ST Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite MATH101 Sets and Number System 2 O/L Maths MATH103 Trigonometry and Co- ordinate Geometry 2 “ MATH105 Differential and Integral Calculus 2 “ COSC101 Introduction to Computing 2 “ PHYS111 Mechanics 2 O/L Physics PHYS131 Heat and properties of matter 2 “ 2ND Semester ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 47 Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite MATH102 Algebra 2 O/L Maths. MATH104 Conic Sections and Application of Calculus 2 “ MATH106 Vectors and Dynamics 2 “ STAT102 Introductory Statistics 2 “ PHYS124 Geometric and Wave Optics 1 “ Restricted Elective PHYS122 Electricity, Magnetism and Modern Physics 2 O/L Physics. GEOG106 Introduction to Environmental Science 2 Cognate Courses (General Studies) Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite GENS101 Nationalism 1 GENS103 English and Communication Skills 2 GENS104 History and Philosophy of Science 2 GENS102 Environmental Health 2 Electives at 100 Level 1st/2nd Semester A minimum of eight (8)-credit units chosen from the following subject areas: Biology, Chemistry, STAT101, GENS102 and GENS104 200 Level – A Minimum of 41 Credit Units  Core courses (Departmental) : 27  Core courses (General Studies) : 02  Restricted Electives : 03  Unrestricted Electives : 09  Total : 41 Core Courses (Departmental) 1st Semester ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 48 Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite MATH201 Mathematical Methods I 3 MATH105 or equiv. MATH207 Linear Algebra I 3 MATH102 or equiv. COSC211 Object-Oriented Programming I 3 COSC101 or equiv. COSC203 Discrete Structures 3 MATH101 or equiv. COSC205 Digital Logic Design 3 COSC101 or equiv. 2nd Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite COSC212 Object-Oriented Programming II 3 COSC101 or equiv. COSC204 Computer Organization and Assembly Language 3 COSC101 or equiv. STAT202 Continuous Probability Distributions and Distribution Techniques 3 STAT101

COSC203 Discrete Structures 3 MATH101 or equiv. COSC205 Digital Logic Design 3 COSC101 or equiv. 2nd Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite COSC212 Object-Oriented Programming II 3 COSC101 or equiv. COSC204 Computer Organization and Assembly Language 3 COSC101 or equiv. STAT202 Continuous Probability Distributions and Distribution Techniques 3 STAT101 or equiv. COSC208 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence 3 COSC101 Cognate Course (General Studies) GENS202 Entrepreneurship and Innovation 2 Restricted Departmental Electives MATH209 Numerical Analysis I 3 MATH104 or equiv. STAT204 Biometry I 3 STAT101 or equiv. STAT201 Discrete Probability Distributions 3 STAT101 or equiv. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 49 Unrestricted Electives COSC206 Human Computer Interaction 2 COSC101 or equiv. MATH208 Linear Algebra II 3 MATH102 or equiv. A minimum of nine (9) credit units chosen from any of the following subject areas: Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics and Physics. 300 Level – A Minimum of 30 Credit Units  Core courses (Departmental) : 20  Core courses (General Studies) : 02  Restricted Electives (Departmental) : 06  Unrestricted Electives (minimum) : 02  Total : 30 Core Courses 1st Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite COSC301 Data Structures and Algorithm 3 COSC211 COSC303 Computer Architecture 3 COSC205 COSC305 Systems Analysis and Design 2 COSC101 COSC309 Database Management systems 3 COSC203 COSC311 Organization of Programming Languages 3 COSC211 2nd Semester COSC300 SIWES 6 Cognate Course (General Studies) GENS302 Business Creation and Growth 2 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 50 Restricted Electives COSC307 Web Application Engineering I 3 COSC101 MATH311 Mathematical Modeling 3 MATH201 Unrestricted Electives A minimum of two (2) credit units chosen from any of the following: Any relevant 300 level course in the Faculty of Science, Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Economics, and Department of Business Administration. 400 LEVEL –

Application Engineering I 3 COSC101 MATH311 Mathematical Modeling 3 MATH201 Unrestricted Electives A minimum of two (2) credit units chosen from any of the following: Any relevant 300 level course in the Faculty of Science, Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Economics, and Department of Business Administration. 400 LEVEL – A MINIMUM OF 43 CREDIT UNITS  Core courses (Departmental) : 31  Restricted Electives : 06  Unrestricted Electives (minimum) : 06  Total : 43 Core Courses 1st Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite COSC400 Project 3 COSC300 COSC401 Algorithms and Complexity Analysis 3 COSC301 COSC403 Software Engineering 3 COSC305 COSC405 Web Application Engineering II 2 COSC307 COSC407 Data Communications and Networks 3 COSC205 COSC411 Operating Systems 3 COSC204 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 51 2nd Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite COSC400 Project 3 COSC300 COSC402 Formal Methods and Software Development 3 MATH201 COSC404 Network Design and Management 3 COSC307 COSC406 Advanced Database Systems 2 COSC309 COSC408 Compiler Construction 3 COSC311 Restricted Electives COSC409 Professional and Social Aspects of Computing 3 COSC206 COSC416 Simulation Methodology 3 STAT202 Unrestricted Electives A minimum of 6 credit units, chosen from any of the following 400 level subject areas: Computer Science (COSC415,COSC413,COSC414,COSC412), Electrical Engineering, Physics, Electronics, Economics, Business Administration, Mathematics, Statistics or other relevant sciences depending upon the availability of facilities and resources. Undergraduate Syllabus for B.Sc. (Hons.) Computer Science 100-Level First Semester Courses COSC 101: Introduction to Computing Prerequisite: O/Level Mathematics Introduction to computer systems. Components of computer systems and their functions. Windows operating systems and its utilities. Hands-on exposure to Office application software (MS ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 52 Office or Open Office): Word processing, spreadsheets, presentation graphics and databases. Introduction to and use of Internet tools and technologies. Suggested

Components of computer systems and their functions. Windows operating systems and its utilities. Hands-on exposure to Office application software (MS ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 52 Office or Open Office): Word processing, spreadsheets, presentation graphics and databases. Introduction to and use of Internet tools and technologies. Suggested Lab work Lecturers should develop laboratory exercises and assignments targeted at providing hands-on practical experience on all topics in the syllabus. The exercises should cover the typical tasks that students do with computers throughout their studies. Textbooks 1. S.B. Junaidu, A.F. Donfack-kana and A. Salisu, Fundamentals of information technology ABU press (2013) 2. J.J. Parsons and D. Oja, Practical Computer Literacy, Thompson Learning, 2005 3. Curt Simmons, How to Do Everything with Windows XP, 2nd Edition McGraw-Hill/Osborne, 2003, ISBN 0-07- 223080-0 4. Peter Norton’s, Introduction to Computers, 5th Edition McGraw-Hill/Glencoe, 2003, ISBN 0-07-826421-9 MATH 101: Sets and Number System (2 Credit Units) Prerequisite – O/Level Mathematics Sets: Definition of a set, finite and infinite sets, equality of sets, subsets, union, intersection, universal set, complements, empty set, Venn diagram. Symmetric difference, power sets and De- Morgan theorems. Inclusion-Exclusion principle. Elements of relations and functions. Some Properties of number systems: Natural numbers, integers, rationals, irrationals and reals. Order relations in the set of real numbers. Open and closed intervals on the number line. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 53 Complex Numbers: Definition of a complex number, addition, multiplication and division. Geometric interpretation modulus and conjugation. Polar representation, De- Moivre’s theorem, nth roots of a complex number, nth roots of unity. Text books 1. Mathematics for Fresh Undergraduates Vol. I, D. Singh, A. Mohammed, A.M. Ibrahim and I.A. Fulatan ABU press (2013) 2. Set Theory and Related Topics, S. Lipschutz, (Schaum’s Outline Series), McGraw-Hill (1964). MATH 103: Trigonometry and Coordinate

theorem, nth roots of a complex number, nth roots of unity. Text books 1. Mathematics for Fresh Undergraduates Vol. I, D. Singh, A. Mohammed, A.M. Ibrahim and I.A. Fulatan ABU press (2013) 2. Set Theory and Related Topics, S. Lipschutz, (Schaum’s Outline Series), McGraw-Hill (1964). MATH 103: Trigonometry and Coordinate Geometry (2 Credit Units) Prerequisite – O/Level Mathematics Circular Measures: Trigonometric ratios of angles of any magnitude, inverse trigonometric functions. Addition formulae: Sin (A+B), cos (A+B), tan (A+B) and their proofs. Multiple and half angles, solutions of simple trigonometric equations. Factor formulae. Solution of triangles, heights and distances (including three-dimensional problems) Plane Polar Coordinates: Relation between polar and Cartesian coordinates, plotting and sketching of simple curves whose polar equations are known. Coordinate Geometry of lines and Circles: Pair of straight lines and system of circles. (Emphasis on concepts rather than formulae). ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 54 Text books 1. Mathematics for Fresh Undergraduates Vol. II, B.K. Jha, A.O. Ajibade, M.I. Yakubu and A.T. Imam, ABU press (2013) 2. Pure Mathematics Books I & II, J.K. Backhouse et al, Longman (1980) 3. Calculus and Analytical Geometry, G.B. Thomas and R.L.Finney, Addison- Wesley, (1979). 4. Theory and Problems of Trigonometry, Frank Ayres, (Schaum’s Outline Series). (1954). MATH 105: Differential and Integral Calculus (2 Credit Units) Prerequisite – O/Level Mathematics. Functions of a real variable: Odd, even, periodic functions and their symmetries, graphs, limits and continuity (Intuitive treatment only) Differentiation: First principle, techniques of differentiation in general. Higher derivatives. Integration: Integration as the inverse of differentiation, techniques of integration in general, definite integral (Evaluation only). ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 55 Text books 1. Mathematics for Fresh Undergraduates Vol. III, J. Singh, H.M. Jibril, A.J. Alkali, Y.M. Baraya and A. Umar, ABU press (2013) 2. Pure

Integration: Integration as the inverse of differentiation, techniques of integration in general, definite integral (Evaluation only). ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 55 Text books 1. Mathematics for Fresh Undergraduates Vol. III, J. Singh, H.M. Jibril, A.J. Alkali, Y.M. Baraya and A. Umar, ABU press (2013) 2. Pure Mathematics Books I & II, J.K. Backhouse, et al Longman (1980). 3. Calculus and Analytic Geometry, G.B. Thomas and R. L. Finney, Addison –Wesley (1979). PHYS 111: Mechanics Prerequisite – O/Level Physics. Units and dimensions; Dimension methods for checking correctness of equations and for deriving simple relations. Additions and subtraction of vectors, projectiles, Newton laws, conservation laws, Elastic collisions, work, energy and power. Circular motion, simple harmonic motion, motion of rigid bodies, statistics Gravitational potential, circular orbit, escape velocity. PHYS 131: Heat and Properties of Heat Prerequisite – O/Level Physics. Structure of solids, liquids and gases. Kinetic theory of gases, Elasticity, surface tension, solid friction. Fluid in motion, Bernuillis’s law, Aerofoil; thermodynamics; thermal expansion. Heat transfer. EM radiation, prevost theory of heat exchange. Thermal radiation detectors; Optical pyrometer. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 56 100-Level Second Semester Courses MATH 102: Algebra (2 Credit Units) Prerequisite – O/Level Mathematics Quadratic and other polynomial functions: Elementary properties of quadratic expressions, roots of quadratic equations, application to symmetric functions, polynomial functions of third and fourth degrees, remainder theorem, location of roots. Permutation and combination: Notion of Factorials, nPr, nCr, and simple applications, mathematical induction principle and applications. Binomial Theorem: Expansion of all rational index, interval of convergence, approximations and errors. Text books 1. Mathematics for Fresh Undergraduates Vol. I, D. Singh, A. Mohammed, A.M. Ibrahim and I.A. Fulatan ABU press (2013) 2. Pure Mathematics Book I and II, J.K. Backhouse, et al, Longman (1980) MATH 104: Conic Sections and Application

of all rational index, interval of convergence, approximations and errors. Text books 1. Mathematics for Fresh Undergraduates Vol. I, D. Singh, A. Mohammed, A.M. Ibrahim and I.A. Fulatan ABU press (2013) 2. Pure Mathematics Book I and II, J.K. Backhouse, et al, Longman (1980) MATH 104: Conic Sections and Application of Calculus (2 Credit Units) Prerequisite – O/Level Mathematics. Conics: Properties of parabola, ellipse, hyperbola, rectangular hyperbola, their Cartesian and parametric equations, problems involving elimination of parameters, tangents and normals. Rate of Change: Velocity, acceleration and other rates. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 57 Curve Sketching: Asymptotes, maxima and minima. Small increments, approximations and errors. Newton’s approximation, simple application of integration to areas and volumes. Differential equations: First order differential equations only. Text books 1. Mathematics for Fresh Undergraduates Vol. II, B.K. Jha, A.O. Ajibade, M.I. Yakubu and A.T. Imam, ABU press (2013) 2. Mathematics for Fresh Undergraduates Vol. III, J. Singh, H.M. Jibril, A.J. Alkali, Y.M. Baraya and A. Umar, ABU press (2013) 3. Pure Mathematics Books I & II , J.K. Backhouse, et al, Longman (1980) 4. Calculus and Analytic Geometry , G.B. Thomas and R.L.Finney, Addison-Wesley (1979). MATH 106: Vectors and Dynamics (2 Credit Units) Prerequisite – O/Level Mathematics Vectors: Geometric representation of vectors in 1-3 dimensions, components, direction cosines. Addition, scalar multiplication, linear independence and dependence of vectors. Scalar and vector products of vectors. Differentiation and integration of vectors w.r.t a scalar variable. Dynamics: Kinematics of a particle. Components of velocity and acceleration of a particle moving in a plane. Force, momentum, laws of motion under gravity, projectiles, restricted vertical motion, elastic strings, simple pendulum, impulse. Impact of two smooth spheres, and of a restricted sphere and a smooth sphere. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 58 Text books 1. Mathematics

of a particle moving in a plane. Force, momentum, laws of motion under gravity, projectiles, restricted vertical motion, elastic strings, simple pendulum, impulse. Impact of two smooth spheres, and of a restricted sphere and a smooth sphere. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 58 Text books 1. Mathematics for Fresh Undergraduates Vol. III, J. Singh, H.M. Jibril, A.J. Alkali, Y.M. Baraya and A. Umar, ABU press (2013) 2. Textbook of Dynamics, F. Charlton, Ellis Horwood, 1977. 3. Vector Analysis, Murray R. Spiegel, Schaum’s Outline Series (1974) STAT 102: INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS II (2 CREDIT UNITS) Prerequisite – O/Level Mathematics. Random experiment, Sample space, event space, definitions of probability, conditional probability, addition and multiplication theorems, definition of random variable (discrete and continuous), mathematical expectations of a random variable, addition and multiplication theorems of expectation, definition of moment, relationship between raw moments and central moments, the bi-variate frequency distribution, fitting of curves by method of least squares, concepts of correlation and regression and their coefficients, the rank correlation coefficient. Text Books 1. Statistics for Fresh Undergraduates, Yahaya A. and Nnamani C.N., ABU press (2013), Zaria. 2. Mathematical Statistics, Ray, M., Sharma, H.S. and Choudhary, S., Ram Prakash and Sons Agra - 3, India. 3. Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, Gupta S.C. and Kapoor, V.K., Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi, India. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 59 PHYS 122: Electricity, Magnetism and Modern Physics Prerequisite – O/Level Physics. Electric force; Field and potential, Electric flux and Gauss’s theorem. Capacitances, current electricity, magnetic force, magnetic effects of currents, magnetic materials, electro magnetic induction, Alternating current, Planck’s constant quanta of light energy, photo electric effect, Radioactivity, Nuclear composition, binding energy, Nuclear fission and fussion. Thermionic emission, rectification by diodes, transistor. PHYS 124: Geometric Wave and Optics Prerequisite – O/Level Physics. Reflection,

current electricity, magnetic force, magnetic effects of currents, magnetic materials, electro magnetic induction, Alternating current, Planck’s constant quanta of light energy, photo electric effect, Radioactivity, Nuclear composition, binding energy, Nuclear fission and fussion. Thermionic emission, rectification by diodes, transistor. PHYS 124: Geometric Wave and Optics Prerequisite – O/Level Physics. Reflection, refractive index, smells law measurement of refractive index, total internal reflection, air cell. Refraction through prism, minimum deviation. Tens formula, Lenses in contact, Newton formula. Spherical and chromatic aberrations, power of lenses, Dispersive Powers. Classification of spectra, Optical instruments, interference phenomenon, Newton rings, Polarization, Molu’s law, polaroids 200-Level First Semester Courses COSC 211: Object-Oriented Programming I Prerequisite: COSC101 or Equivalence Overview of computers and computing; Introduction to object- orientation as a technique for modeling computation. Introduction of a typical object-oriented language, such as Java; Basic data types and operators; Basic object-oriented concepts; Introduction to Strings; Simple I/O; Logical expressions, control structures, algorithms and problem solving; Arrays; Simple recursive algorithms; inheritance; polymorphism. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 60 Suggested Lab work Programming assignments involving hands-on practice in the design and implementation of simple algorithms such as finding the average, standard deviation, searching and sorting. Practice in developing and tracing simple recursive algorithms. Developing programs involving inheritance and polymorphism. Textbooks 1. Nell Dale and Chip Weems, Programming and Problem Solving with Java, Second Edition, Jones and Barrlett Publishers, 2008. (Lab Manual Available) 2. J. Lewis and W. Loftus, Java Software Solutions, 5th Edition, Addison Wesley, 2006. (Lab Manual Available) 3. G. Bronson, Program Development Using Java: A Class- Centered Approach, Enhanced Edition, Thompson Learning, 2006. 4. D.J. Barnes and M.K. Kolling, Objects First with Java: A practical introduction using Blue J, Pearson Education, 2006 COSC 203: Discrete Structures Prerequisite: MATH101 or Equivalence Functions and relations. Basics of counting: inclusion-exclusion

3. G. Bronson, Program Development Using Java: A Class- Centered Approach, Enhanced Edition, Thompson Learning, 2006. 4. D.J. Barnes and M.K. Kolling, Objects First with Java: A practical introduction using Blue J, Pearson Education, 2006 COSC 203: Discrete Structures Prerequisite: MATH101 or Equivalence Functions and relations. Basics of counting: inclusion-exclusion principle, pigeon-hole principle, permutations, recurrence relations, generating functions. Graphs and trees: definitions, properties and applications. Discrete probability: computing probabilities, dependent and independent events, applications. Textbooks 1. K. Rosen, Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 6th Edition, 2007. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 61 2. F. Giannasi and R. Low, Maths for Computing and Information Technology, Longman, 1996. 3. J. Truss, Discrete Mathematics for Computer Scientists, Addison-Wesley, 1999. COSC 205: Digital Logic Design Prerequisite: COSC101 or Equivalence. Introduction to information representation and number systems. Boolean algebra and switching theory. Manipulation and minimization of completely and incompletely specified Boolean functions. Physical properties of gates: fan-in, fan-out, propagation delay, timing diagrams and tri-state drivers. Combinational circuits design using multiplexers, decoders, comparators and adders. Sequential circuit analysis and design, basic flip-flops, clocking and timing diagrams. Registers, counters, RAMs, ROMs, PLAs, PLDs, and FPGA.s. Textbooks 1. M. M. Mano and C. R. Kime, Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals & XILINX 6.3 Student Edition, Prentice Hall, 3rd Edition, 2004. 2. Englander, The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software, 3rd Edition, Wiley, 2003. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 62 MATH 201: – Mathematical Methods - I (3 Credit Units) Prerequisite – MATH105 or equivalence Applications of Calculus: Revision of different techniques of differentiation, successive differentiation, Leibniz’s theorem, Taylor and Maclaurin series. Tangents and normals to plane curves, curvature, Definite integrals. Methods of integration, reduction formulae, lengths of arc of a plane curve. Area enclosed by a plane curve.

Units) Prerequisite – MATH105 or equivalence Applications of Calculus: Revision of different techniques of differentiation, successive differentiation, Leibniz’s theorem, Taylor and Maclaurin series. Tangents and normals to plane curves, curvature, Definite integrals. Methods of integration, reduction formulae, lengths of arc of a plane curve. Area enclosed by a plane curve. Differential Equations: Concept of differential equations. First order ordinary differential equations of the forms; variable separable, homogeneous, exact and linear. Second order ordinary linear differential equations with constant coefficients, auxiliary equation, and cases of auxiliary equations having distinct, equal, and complex roots, complementary functions and particular integrals in connection with non-homogeneous equations. Uses of the operator D = d/dx and the method of undetermined coefficients for calculating particular integrals. Differential equations of Euler’s type of second order. Solutions of systems of two linear differential equations. Second order Ordinary Linear Differential Equations with variable coefficients; reduction of order, variation of parameters. Partial Differentiation: Real valued functions of two and three variables. Partial derivatives, chain rule, Jacobian. Extrema, Lagrange’s multipliers, increments, differentials and linear approximations. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 63 Text books 1. Mathematical Methods, J. Heading, University Press, (1963). 2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, E. Kreyszig, Wiley, (1987). MATH 207: Linear Algebra I (3 Credit Units) Prerequisite – MATH102 or equivalence Matrices: Definition, types of matrices, algebra of matrices, matrix as a sum of symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Elementary operations of matrices and echelon form, equivalence matrices. Inverse of a matrix. Systems of linear equations and matrices: Systems of m linear equations in n unknowns and their solutions. Gaussian elimination by pivot method and matrix representation. Solution of the system using Gaussian elimination and Gauss- Jordan reduction. Determinants: Definition, evaluation of determinants. Cofactor expansion, inverse of a non-singular matrix. Solution of systems of linear equations using Cramer’s

Systems of m linear equations in n unknowns and their solutions. Gaussian elimination by pivot method and matrix representation. Solution of the system using Gaussian elimination and Gauss- Jordan reduction. Determinants: Definition, evaluation of determinants. Cofactor expansion, inverse of a non-singular matrix. Solution of systems of linear equations using Cramer’s rule. Text books 1. Linear Algebra, S. lipschutz (Schaum’s Outline Series) Mc Graw-Hill (1987) 2. Linear Algebra and Matrix Theory, E.D. Nerring, John Wiley, (1967). ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 64 MATH 209: Numerical Analysis I (3 Credit Units) Prerequisite – MATH105 Accuracy in numerical calculations: errors and their sources, error accumulation in different operations. Finite differences: difference operators and difference table. Evaluation of functions: using series approximation, solution of polynomial, algebraic and transcendental equations, curve fitting. Interpolation: Newton’s difference formulae, central difference formulae, Lagrange’s formula. Numerical differentiation. Numerical Integration Text books 1. Introduction to Numerical Analysis, Carl-Eric Froberg, Addison-Wesley publication, (1981). 2. Theory and Problems of Numerical Analysis, Francis Scheid, Schaum’s Series (1968). 3. Numerical Analysis: An Introduction, S.A. Bhatti, Mathematics Departmental Library, (Lecture Notes, 1980’s). 4. Calculus of Finite differences and Numerical Analysis, P.P. Gupta & G.S. Malik. 200 - Level Second Semester Courses COSC 212: Object-Oriented Programming II Prerequisite: COSC102 or Equivalence Advanced object-oriented programming - polymorphism, abstract classes and interfaces: Program organization using packages/namespaces; Use of API – use of ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 65 iterators/enumerators, List, Stack, Queue from API; Recursion; Event-driven programming. Suggested Lab work Programming assignments leading to extensive practice in problem solving and program development with emphasis on object-orientation. Solving basic problems using static and dynamic data structures. Solving various searching and sorting algorithms using iterative and recursive approaches. GUI programming. Textbooks 1. Nell Dale and Chip Weems, Programming and Problem Solving with Java, Second

leading to extensive practice in problem solving and program development with emphasis on object-orientation. Solving basic problems using static and dynamic data structures. Solving various searching and sorting algorithms using iterative and recursive approaches. GUI programming. Textbooks 1. Nell Dale and Chip Weems, Programming and Problem Solving with Java, Second Edition, Jones and Barrlett Publishers, 2008. (Lab Manual Available) 2. J. Lewis and W. Loftus, Java Software Solutions, 5th Edition, Addison Wesley, 2006. (Lab Manual Available) 3. G. Bronson, Program Development Using Java: A Class- Centered Approach, Enhanced Edition, Thompson Learning, 2006. 4. D.J. Barnes and M.K. Kolling, Objects First with Java: A practical introduction using Blue J, Pearson Education, 2006 COSC 204: Organization and Assembly Language Prerequisite: COSC101 or Equivalence Introduction to computer organization. Signed and unsigned number representation, character representation, ASCII codes. Assembly language programming, instruction format and types, memory and I/O instructions, dataflow, arithmetic, and flow control instructions, addressing modes, stack operations, and interrupts. Datapath and control unit design. RTL, ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 66 microprogramming, and hardwired control. Practice of assembly language programming. Suggested Lab work Programming assignments to practice MS-DOS batch programming, Assembly Process, Debugging, Procedures, Keyboard input, Video Output, File and Disk I/O and Data Structure. Textbooks 1. Vincent P. Heuring, Harry F. Jordan, Computer System Design & Architecture, Prentice Hall, 2004. 2. Dandamudiet al, Introduction to Assembly Language Programming: From 8086 to Pentium, Springer, New York, 1998. COSC 206: Human Computer Interaction Prerequisite: COSC101 or Equivalence Foundation of HCI, principles of GUI, GUI toolkits. Human- centered software evaluation and development; GUI design and programming. Textbooks: 1. Dix, Finlay, Aboud& Beale, Human-Computer Interaction. Pearson Prentice-Hall, Third ed, 2004. 2. Preece, J., Rogers, Y. & Sharp, H., Interaction Design: Beyond Human-Computer Interaction. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 2002. ABU

principles of GUI, GUI toolkits. Human- centered software evaluation and development; GUI design and programming. Textbooks: 1. Dix, Finlay, Aboud& Beale, Human-Computer Interaction. Pearson Prentice-Hall, Third ed, 2004. 2. Preece, J., Rogers, Y. & Sharp, H., Interaction Design: Beyond Human-Computer Interaction. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 2002. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 67 COSC 208: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Prerequisite: COSC101 or Equivalence Introduction to the types of problems and techniques in Artificial Intelligence. Problem-Solving methods. Major structures used in Artificial Intelligence programs. Study of knowledge representation techniques such as predicate logic, non-monotonic logic, and probabilistic reasoning. Examples of expert systems. Introduction to natural language understanding and various syntactic and semantic structures. Expert systems. Introduction to computer image recognition. Textbooks 1. Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, AI: A Modern Approach, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003. 2. G.F. Luga, Artificial Intelligence: structures and strategies for complex problem solving, 5th Edition, Addison Wesley, 2005. MATH 208: Linear Algebra II (3 Credit Units) Prerequisite – MATH 102 Vector Spaces: Review of basic definitions and examples of vector spaces. Subspaces, linear dependence and independence. Bases, dimension of a vector space. Homomorphism and quotient space. Direct sum, Dual spaces. Linear Mappings and Matrices: General linear transformation of n-dimensional into m-dimensional space, matrix representation of a linear map, similar matrices and change of basis. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Characteristic polynomial and characteristic equation. Caley-Hamilton theorem. Orthogonal diagonalization. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 68 Canonical Forms: Primary decomposition theorem, Triangular Jordan and Rational forms for linear operator (square matrices). Quadratic and bilinear forms. Text books 1. Linear Algebra, S. lipschutz (Schaum’s Outline Series) Mc Graw-Hill (1987) 2. Linear Algebra and Matrix Theory, E.D. Nerring, John Wiley, (1967). STAT 202: Continuous Probability Distributions and Distribution Techniques (3 Credit Units) Prerequisite –

Jordan and Rational forms for linear operator (square matrices). Quadratic and bilinear forms. Text books 1. Linear Algebra, S. lipschutz (Schaum’s Outline Series) Mc Graw-Hill (1987) 2. Linear Algebra and Matrix Theory, E.D. Nerring, John Wiley, (1967). STAT 202: Continuous Probability Distributions and Distribution Techniques (3 Credit Units) Prerequisite – STAT 102 Univariate continuous probability distributions such as Normal, Uniform, exponential, type I and type II beta and gamma distributions, various properties of these distributions, fitting of normal distribution. Concept of Bi-variate probability distribution, joint, marginal, conditional probability distribution, covariance and correlation of bi-variate r.v. sampling distribution and standard errors of statistics, distribution of functions of random variables using the techniques such as cumulative distribution function technique, moment generating function technique and transformation technique. Text Books 1. Introduction to the theory of Statistics, Mood, A.M., Graybill, F.A. and Boes, D.C. Mc-Graw-Hill, New York, USA. 2. Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, Gupta S.C. and Kapoor, V.K., Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi, India. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 69 300-Level First Semester Courses COSC301: Data Structures and Algorithm Prerequisite: COSC212 or Competence in Programming Review of object-oriented concepts; Basic algorithm analysis - the big-O notation; Fundamental data structures – implementation strategies for stacks, queues and lists; Recursion; Implementation strategies for tree and graph algorithms; Hash tables; Application of data structures. Suggested Lab work Programming assignments leading to extensive practice in problem solving and program development involving the use of the various data structures implemented in the course. Textbooks 1. Adam Drozdek, Data Structures and Algorithms in Java, 2nd Edition, Thomson Course Technology, 2005. 2. J Lewis & J Chase, Java Software Structures, 2nd Edition, Addison-Wesley, 2005. 3. D.S. Malik,Java Programming: Program Design Including Data Structures, Thomson Course Technology, 2005. COSC 303: Computer Architecture Prerequisite: COSC205 Memory hierarchy and cache

Adam Drozdek, Data Structures and Algorithms in Java, 2nd Edition, Thomson Course Technology, 2005. 2. J Lewis & J Chase, Java Software Structures, 2nd Edition, Addison-Wesley, 2005. 3. D.S. Malik,Java Programming: Program Design Including Data Structures, Thomson Course Technology, 2005. COSC 303: Computer Architecture Prerequisite: COSC205 Memory hierarchy and cache memory. Integer and floating point arithmetic. Instruction and arithmetic pipelining, superscalar architecture. Reduced instruction set computers. Parallel architectures and interconnection networks. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 70 Textbooks 1. David Patterson & John Hennessy, Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, 4th Edition, Kaufmann, 2006, ISBN 0-12-370490-1. 2. Linda Null and Julia Lobur, The Essentials of Computer Organization and Architecture, 2nd Edition, Jones & Bartlett, 2006. ISBN 0-7637-3769-0 COSC 305: Systems Analysis and Design Prerequisite: COSC211 or Competence in Programming The software development life cycle: conception, business case, business context, system requirements, requirements analysis, systems analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, maintenance. The Unified Modeling Language (UML): models, use case diagrams, activity diagrams and state chart diagrams, sequence and collaboration diagrams, class diagrams, component diagrams. Managing the process: customers, organization types, project management, teams and team dynamics, computer assisted software engineering (CASE) tools, documentation. Suggested Lab Work Analysis and design assignments leading to extensive practice in the use of UML and CASE tools. Textbooks 1. Dennis, Wixom, Roth, Systems Analysis and Design, 3rd Edition, John Wiley, 2006. 2. Farmer, McRobb& Bennett: Object Oriented Systems Analysis and Design Using UML, 3rd Edition, Mc-Graw Hill 2006. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 71 3. Roger S. Pressman, Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach, 6th Edition Mc-Graw Hill, 2005. 4. Ken Lunn, Software Development with UML, Palgrave Macmillan Limited, 2003. COSC 307: Web Applications Engineering I Prerequisite: COSC211 or Competence in Programming The Internet (brief history, Internet protocols and Internet services) ;

Computer Science) 71 3. Roger S. Pressman, Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach, 6th Edition Mc-Graw Hill, 2005. 4. Ken Lunn, Software Development with UML, Palgrave Macmillan Limited, 2003. COSC 307: Web Applications Engineering I Prerequisite: COSC211 or Competence in Programming The Internet (brief history, Internet protocols and Internet services) ; The Web architecture (Client-server architecture, multi-tier architecture, URL) ; XHTML; DHTML (Cascaded Style Sheet, JavaScript, DOM) ; Web interface and interactivity design principles and practice. Incorporating multimedia content into Web pages (using Photoshop, Flash or similar tools). Textbooks 1. Dietel, H. M., Dietel, P. J., Goldberg, A. B. Internet & World Wide Web How to Program,4th Edition, Prentice- Hall, 2008. 2. R. W. Sebesta, Programming the World Wide Web, 3rd Edition, Addison Wesley, 2006 3. Flanagan: JavaScript: The Definitive Guide, 5th Edition, O'Reilly, 2006 COSC 309: Database Management Systems Prerequisite: COSC211 Basic database concepts. Conceptual modeling. Relational data model. Relational theory and languages. Database Design. Database security and integrity. Introduction to query processing and optimization. Introduction to concurrency and recovery. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 72 Suggested Lab work Programming assignments to learn database design using CASE tools. Introduction to back-end/Server-based Relational DataBase Management System (RDBMS). Learning Standard SQL (interactive/embedded). Introduction and programming assignments on Front-End tools. Programming team projects to design and develop real life database systems using the learned tools. Textbooks 1. Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B. Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, 5th Edition, Addison-Wesley, 2007. 2. Carolyn Begg and Thomas Connolly, Database Systems: A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation and Management, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2004. COSC 311: Organization of Programming Languages Prerequisite: COSC211 or Competence in Programming Concepts of Programming languages: Syntax and semantics. Data types. Control structures. Sub-Programs. Exception handling. Run-time Storage Management. Programming Paradigms: Imperative, functional, logic, object-oriented and concurrent. Textbooks

Practical Approach to Design, Implementation and Management, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2004. COSC 311: Organization of Programming Languages Prerequisite: COSC211 or Competence in Programming Concepts of Programming languages: Syntax and semantics. Data types. Control structures. Sub-Programs. Exception handling. Run-time Storage Management. Programming Paradigms: Imperative, functional, logic, object-oriented and concurrent. Textbooks 1. Robert W. Sebesta, Concepts of Programming Languages, 7th Edition, Addison-Wesley, 2006. 2. Kenneth Louden, Programming Languages: Principles and Practice, Second Edition, Course Technology, 2003. 3. Allen Tucker and Robert Noonan, Programming Languages: Principles and Paradigms, Mc-Graw Hill, 2002. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 73 MATH 311: Mathematical Modeling (3 Credit Units) Prerequisite – MATH201 Methodology of Model building: Identification, formulation and solution of problems. Cause-effect diagrams. Modeling using graphs and proportionality: modeling by interpolation using polynomials. Modeling using Least squares and Linear programming. Modeling deterministic behavior and probabilistic processes. Modeling using derivatives: applications using differential equations. Text books 1. A first course in Mathematical Modeling, F.R Giordano & M.D. Weir, Woodsworth, Inc. (1985). 2. Mathematical Modeling for Industrial Processes, Lassi Hyvaarinen, Springer-verlag (1970). 3. Mathematical Methods of Operations Research, T.L. Saaty, Dover Publications, Inc. (1988). 400-Level First Semester Courses COSC 400: Project Prerequisite: COSC 300 The project aims to provide experience with planning, executing and formally reporting on a substantial computing task within a set time. Students will develop their understanding of relevant areas of computing and their capabilities in the practical engineering and writing activities involved, and demonstrate their competence as candidate computing professionals. An essay on a topic selected from a list covering generalized areas of economic disciplines dealing with significant current economic problems. This is to be presented in at least five (5) chapters of not less than sixty (60) pages of A4 paper and ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science)

essay on a topic selected from a list covering generalized areas of economic disciplines dealing with significant current economic problems. This is to be presented in at least five (5) chapters of not less than sixty (60) pages of A4 paper and ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 74 double spaced type with 14 font size characters following the format below: CHAPTER ONE: Introduction CHAPTER TWO: Literature review ant Theoretical frameworks. CHAPTER THREE: Methodology – method of data presentation, analysis and interpretation. CHAPTER FOUR: Data presentation, analysis and interpretation. CHAPTER FIVE: Summary, conclusion and recommendations. Students are required to write and submit to their supervisor tree topics which must be formed from the given sub-themes of that session and are expected to research and gather enough materials on the topic of interest they want to write on before forwarding it to their supervisor for approval. Textbooks 1. CW Dawson, Projects in Computing and Information Systems, Addison-Wesley, 2005 COSC 401: Algorithm and Complexity Analysis Prerequisite: COSC301 Introduction to algorithms and review of data structures; fundamentals of algorithm analysis; Analyzing recursive and non-recursive algorithms; Algorithm design techniques: brute- force, divide-and-conquer, greedy algorithms, dynamic programming, search techniques; NP-complete problems and approximation algorithms. Textbooks: 1. Anany Levitin, Introduction to the Design and Analysis of Algorithms, Addison Wesley, 2003. ISBN 0-201-74395-7 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 75 2. M. Al-Suwaiyel, Algorithms: Design Techniques & Analysis, World Scientific Publishing Company, 1999. 3. Useful Resources: http://www.cs.ucsd.edu/classes/wi05/cse101/ COSC 403: Software Engineering Prerequisite: COSC305 Fundamental design concepts, design notations, and architectural design methods for large-scale software systems. Several design: examples of their use, comparisons among them. Concepts of information hiding, data abstraction, concurrency, and object-oriented software construction. Textbooks 1. Roger S. Pressman, Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach, 6th Edition Mc-Graw Hill, 2005. 2. Ian

Fundamental design concepts, design notations, and architectural design methods for large-scale software systems. Several design: examples of their use, comparisons among them. Concepts of information hiding, data abstraction, concurrency, and object-oriented software construction. Textbooks 1. Roger S. Pressman, Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach, 6th Edition Mc-Graw Hill, 2005. 2. Ian Sommerville: Software Engineering, 8th Edition, Addison Wesley, 2006. 3. Dennis, Wixom, Roth, Systems Analysis and Design, 3rd Edition, John Wiley, 2006. COSC 405: Web Application Engineering II Prerequisite: COSC307 Review of client-side application development. Server-side application development. Adding content to Web applications dynamically. Input validation and use of regular expressions. Defining and managing sessions. Cookies. Working with databases. Web application security. Assignments and projects should be given to enable students design and implement non-trivial data-driven Web applications. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 76 Textbooks 1. Dietel, H. M., Dietel, P. J., Goldberg, A. B. Internet & World Wide Web How to Program,4th Edition, Prentice- Hall, 2007. 2. Jeffrey C. Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, Prentice hall, 2007. 3. Shepherd, G, Microsoft ASP.NET 2.0 Step by Step, Microsoft Corporation, 2006. COSC 407: Data Communications and Network Prerequisite: COSC205 Introduction to computer networks and layered architectures: connectivity, topology, circuit and packet switching, TCP/IP and ISO models; Application layer: C/S model, DNS, SMTP, FTP, WWW, socket programming and network security; Transport layer: TCP and UDP, congestion control; Network layer: internetworking, addressing and routing algorithms and protocols; Data link layer: framing, flow and error control protocols, PPP, MAC and LANs; Physical layer: principles of data communications, circuit switching, coding, multiplexing and transmission media. Network security: fundamentals of cryptography, secret and public key algorithms, authentication protocols. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 77 Suggested Lab work The lab involves several projects to gain hands-on experience with network devices,

LANs; Physical layer: principles of data communications, circuit switching, coding, multiplexing and transmission media. Network security: fundamentals of cryptography, secret and public key algorithms, authentication protocols. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 77 Suggested Lab work The lab involves several projects to gain hands-on experience with network devices, programming and tools. More specifically, it provides students with the opportunity to: Setup various servers such as DNS, DHCP, Web Servers on Windows/Linux platforms; Develop simple client/server network applications using sockets; Create simple web pages; Simulate network; Analyze various protocols by capturing packets; Measure network utilization under varied situations; Use various network-related commands; Configure switches and routers. Textbooks 1. Behrouz A. Forouzan, Data Communications and Networking, McGraw Hill, 2004. 2. Andrew Tanembaum, Computer Networks, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003. COSC 409: Professional and Social Aspects of Computing Prerequisite: COSC206 Professional aspects; professions and the professional; professional institutions; professional ethics and responsibilities; the computer professional as expert witness. Standards, best practice. Legal background, sources of law; civil and criminal law. Intellectual property rights, software copyright, patents, designs, trade marks and passing off; copyright and webpages, Internet domain names, protection of computer imagers and icons, jurisdiction; confidentiality. Data protection law; freedom of movement of personal data; privacy in telecommunications. Computer crime; fraud; computer misuse; viruses; threatening emails; pornography; grooming in ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 78 chat rooms. Social aspects of the workplace/society at large. The impact of IT on society. Textbooks 1. David Bainbridge, Introduction to Information Technology Law, 6th Edition, Longman, 2007. 2. George Reynolds, Ethics in Information Technology, Course Technology, 2006. COSC 411: Operating Systems Prerequisite: COSC301 Fundamentals of operating systems design and implementation. History and evolution of operating systems; Types of operating systems; Operating system structures; Process management: processes, threads, CPU scheduling, process synchronization; Memory

Law, 6th Edition, Longman, 2007. 2. George Reynolds, Ethics in Information Technology, Course Technology, 2006. COSC 411: Operating Systems Prerequisite: COSC301 Fundamentals of operating systems design and implementation. History and evolution of operating systems; Types of operating systems; Operating system structures; Process management: processes, threads, CPU scheduling, process synchronization; Memory management and virtual memory; File systems; I/O systems; Security and protection; Case-study. Suggested Lab work Implementation of user-defined utilities/commands for UNIX by writing systems programs using different types of system calls including those for file/directory management, process management, signal management, and client/server management. Also involve practice on various aspects of shell environment and shell programming. Textbooks 1. Brian Stuart, Operating Systems: Principles and Application, Course Technology, 2008. 2. AviSilberschatz, Peter Baer Galvin, Greg Gagne, Operating System Concepts, 7th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 79 3. A S Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems, Prentice Hall, 2001. 4. H M Dietel, P J Dietel and D R Choffnes, Operating Systems, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2004. COSC 413: Computational Science and Numerical Methods Prerequisite: MATH209 History and importance of computational science, overview of application areas, review of required skills. High-performance computing: processor architectures, memory systems for high performance, input/output devices, pipelining, parallel languages and architectures. Scientific visualization: presentation of results, data formats, visualization tools and packages. Application of high-performance computing to scientific and engineering problems. Textbooks 1. Barry Wilkinson and Michael Allen, Parallel Programming: Techniques and Applications Using Networked Workstations and Parallel Computers, Second Edition, Prentice-Hall, 2005. 2. Michael J. Quinn, Parallel Programming in C with MPI and OpenMP, First Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2003. 400-Level Second Semester Courses COSC 402: Formal Methods in Software Development Prerequisite: COSC212 Mathematical foundations for formal methods. Formal languages and techniques for specification and design, including specifying syntax using grammars

Edition, Prentice-Hall, 2005. 2. Michael J. Quinn, Parallel Programming in C with MPI and OpenMP, First Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2003. 400-Level Second Semester Courses COSC 402: Formal Methods in Software Development Prerequisite: COSC212 Mathematical foundations for formal methods. Formal languages and techniques for specification and design, including specifying syntax using grammars and finite state machines. Analysis and verification of specifications and ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 80 designs. Use of assertions and proofs. Automated program and design transformation. Textbooks 1. Jonathanh Bowen, Formal Specification and Documentation using Z: A Case Study Approach, International Thomson Computer Press (ITCP), 1996. 2. Huth, M. and Ryan, M. Logic in Computer Science: Modelling and Reasoning about Systems. Cambridge University Press. 1999. 3. Cliff B. Jones, Systematic Software Development Using VDM, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 1990. 4. Useful Resources: a. http://www.cs.chalmers.se/Cs/Grundutb/Kurser/form/ b. http://www.freetechbooks.com/forum-28.html COSC 404: Network Design and Management Prerequisite: COSC205 Overview of network design and management; Design methodologies; Network management strategies; Network configuration management; Network management protocols: SNMP, and RMON; Network management tools and systems; Network management applications; Desktop and web-based network management; Network troubleshooting. Suggested Lab Work A closed lab with hands-on exercises using state-of-the-art tools in the design, analysis and troubleshooting computer networks. Textbooks 1. James D. McCabe, Network Analysis, Architecture and Design, 2nd Edition, Morgan Kaufmann, 2003. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 81 2. Rachel Morgan and Henry McGilton, Introducing Unix System V, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1987 COSC 406: Advanced Database Systems Prerequisite: COSC309 Advanced data models. Conceptual Database design. Concurrency control techniques. Recovery techniques. Query processing and optimization. Integrity and security. Client- server architecture. Distributed database systems. Current trends in database systems. Textbooks 1. Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B. Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, 5th Edition, Addison-Wesley, 2007. 2. Carolyn Begg and Thomas Connolly, Database

models. Conceptual Database design. Concurrency control techniques. Recovery techniques. Query processing and optimization. Integrity and security. Client- server architecture. Distributed database systems. Current trends in database systems. Textbooks 1. Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B. Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, 5th Edition, Addison-Wesley, 2007. 2. Carolyn Begg and Thomas Connolly, Database Systems: A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation and Management, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2004. COSC 408: Compiler Construction Prerequisite: COSC212 Design and implementation of compilers, principles of languages translation. Each student implements a complete compiler for a small but substantial language. The stages of a compiler. Boot-strapping a compiler. Lexical analysis, regular expressions, finite state machines. Syntactic analysis, context free grammars, parsers. Semantic analysis, type checking, symbol tables. Syntax-directed translation. Data flow analysis, peephole optimization. Code generation. Textbooks 1. Andrew W. Appel, Modern Compiler Implementation in Java, 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press, 2002. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 82 2. ACM//IEEE. Computing Curricula 2001. Electronic version available at http://www.acm.org/sigcse/cc2001/. 3. NUC BMAS. Benchmarks and Minimum Academic Standard (Science), Published by the National Universities Commission, April 2007. 4. Career Space is a European Consortium of over 20 universities all over Europe. They established a working group on ICT curriculum development. Information about this can be reached at http://career-space.com/cdguide/ 5. M.R.K. Krishna Rao, S. Junaidu, T. Maghrabi, M. Shafique, M. Ahmad and K. Faisal (2005), Principles of curriculum design and revision: a case study in implementing computing curricula CC2001, Proc. of the ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education Annual Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE'2005). COSC 416: Simulation Methodology Prerequisite: STAT202 Introduction and comparison with other techniques, discrete simulation model, generation of pseudo random numbers, statistical testing. Implementation of queuing theory, simulation languages and packages. System Models, System Studies, Techniques of System simulation,

Education Annual Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE'2005). COSC 416: Simulation Methodology Prerequisite: STAT202 Introduction and comparison with other techniques, discrete simulation model, generation of pseudo random numbers, statistical testing. Implementation of queuing theory, simulation languages and packages. System Models, System Studies, Techniques of System simulation, continuous system simulation, introduction to GPSS. Text Books 1. System Simulation, Gordon G., Prentice Hall 2. Introduction to Simulation, Payer T.A., McGraw Hall ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 83 STAT 412: Operations Research (3 Credit Units). Prerequisite – MATH311 Classical methods of optimization, Maxima and minima, Lagranges’ multipliers. Linear programming: Convex sets and functions, simplex and revised simplex methods, duality theory, applications. Linear programming applications to diet problems, transportation problems, manufacturing problems, Network Analysis, etc. Text Books 1. Operations Research, Sharma, J.K., Macmillan India. 2. Operations Research, Swaroop, Gupta, P.K. and Mohan, M., Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi, India. Service Courses COSC 264: Fundamentals of Data Processing (2 Credit Units). Prerequisite – O/L MATHS Data processing cycle & Operations, Developments in Data processing, storage media, punched-card recording & processing, electronic data processing, communicating with the computer, computer codes & arithmetic, flowcharts & programming techniques, data structure. Text Book 1. Data processing by Martim M. Lipshutz and Seymour Lipshutz, McGraw-Hill book company, Singapore, 1982. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 84 COSC 265: Introducing Computer (2 Credit Units). Prerequisite – O/L MATHS Computer (definition, types generation, history) Computer (structure, components, number system) Computer Software (type, application, systems, packages, languages, machine, symbolic high level languages, most popular languages) Networks Topology; star, ring mesh, bus Popular packages (database, spreadsheet, word processing, Dos windows with practice on information retrieval using data based management system commands) Computer applications in Library and Nursing Text Book 1. A Guide to FORTRAN

application, systems, packages, languages, machine, symbolic high level languages, most popular languages) Networks Topology; star, ring mesh, bus Popular packages (database, spreadsheet, word processing, Dos windows with practice on information retrieval using data based management system commands) Computer applications in Library and Nursing Text Book 1. A Guide to FORTRAN Programming 2nd Edition by Daniel D McCrackken, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1965 COSC 344: Computer Knowledge and FORTRAN Programming (3 Credit Units). Prerequisite – O/L MATHS Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal number systems, conversion complement of numbers. Representation of negative numbers, Digital computers, main functional elements of a computer (memory, central and arithmetic units, input-output devices; backing storages). Information in the core store. Binary coded decimal, fix and floating point representations, programming languages (short summary of the machine code. Assembly, machine and problem oriented languages). The flow chart language, Loops, interaction. The basic FORTRAN ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 85 Numerical data, arithmetic, arrays, input-output, control statements, sementation of programmes, statement function, function and subroutine segments. Common, equivalence statements. Text Book 1. A Guide to FORTRAN Programming 2nd Edition by Daniel D McCrackken, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1965 Graduation Requirements For a student to graduate, he/she must pass all his/her core courses, earn at least 120 credit units (i.e. TECU ≥ 120) and have a Cumulative Grade Point Average of at least 1.50 (i.e. CGPA ≥ 1.50) 3.8 EXAMINATION RESULTS Semester Grades (a) Semester grades are calculated as Grade Point Averages (GPA) on the basis of A, B, C, D and F, which are equivalent to 5, 4, 3, 2, and 0 grade points (GP), respectively for classified degrees. (b) The minimum pass mark is 45% or GP of 1.00 for classified degrees, hence, a minimum CGPA of 1.00 is required for

on the basis of A, B, C, D and F, which are equivalent to 5, 4, 3, 2, and 0 grade points (GP), respectively for classified degrees. (b) The minimum pass mark is 45% or GP of 1.00 for classified degrees, hence, a minimum CGPA of 1.00 is required for graduation. (c) In order to obtain an overall pass in the examinations in any year of study, a student is required to maintain a CGPA of at least 1.00 to be in good academic standing, a student whose cumulative GPA falls below 1.00 at the end of any year of study shall be placed on “probation”. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 86 How Grade Points are computed in your courses Grades Grade Points 70-100 (A) 5 60-70 (B) 4 50-59 (C) 3 45-49 (D) 2 0-44 (F) 0 The class of degree as described above is being determined by the efforts a student puts into his/her studies from 100 level or 200 level as the case may be to the final level/year of his/her studies. 3.9 CLASSIFICATION OF DEGREE CGPA CLASS OF DEGREE 4.50-500 1st First Class 3.50-4.49 2nd Class Upper Division 2.40-3.49 2nd Class Lower Division 1.50-2.39 Third Class 1.00-1.49 Pass Below 1.00 Fail ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 87 APPENDIX 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PREAMBLE The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to

well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. 1.2 DLC LAW AND STATUTE The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR DLC EXAMINATION POLICY 1. The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 88 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations shall be supervised examinations as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 NIGERIAN STUDENTS Examinations shall be held only

shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 NIGERIAN STUDENTS Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 89 Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card)

be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 90 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. 4.0 ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three (3) semester in every session. 4. Examination timelines: a) All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e- tutors within four weeks of the semester. b) All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c) All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d) A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who

be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c) All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d) A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 91 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course

the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 92 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1) Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2) The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3) Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour after the examination has started shall not be allowed to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 93 permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their

may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 93 permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 94 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. 12. All rough work must be done in

No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 94 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1) Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment. 2) Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3) Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4) Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 95 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1) There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2) Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND

1) There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2) Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESISMANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, mobile ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 96 phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All

8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the followinghas been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 97 v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 Offence by Students (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: 1. Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination. 2. Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. 3. Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. 4. Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. 5. Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. 6. Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. 7. Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. 8. Willful destruction of

the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. 5. Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. 6. Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. 7. Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. 8. Willful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 98 9. Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. 10. Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session i. Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) ii. Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. iii. Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) iv. If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. v. Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. vi. Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations vii. Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. 11.2 OFFENCES INVOLVING STAFF 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 99 marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for

STAFF 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Computer Science) 99 marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. 2. Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. 5. Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Sripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook i DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE Ahmadu Bello University STUDENT HANDBOOK BSc. Economics ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook ii ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook iii © 2023 Distance Learning Centre, ABU Zaria, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the Director, Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. First published 2018 Published and Printed by Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tel: 08065949711 abupress@abu.edu.ng info@abupress.com.ng Website: www.abupress.com.ng ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook iv FOREWORD Whereas the Distance Learning Centre Prospectus covers all aspects of the Distance Learning delivery in Ahmadu Bello University, the DLC B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook is designed to give you an overview of the B.Sc. Economics by Distance Learning in the Ahmadu Bello University. A Handbook of this nature is a must read for you. It provides useful information on the nature, orientation and scope of the B.Sc. Economics programme as well as highlights the uniqueness of this delivery modality. As you opt for the distance learning mode to acquire a Bachelor of Science degree in Economics, we shall strive to make your learning experience a memorable one. I urge you to commit, discipline and submit yourself to the demand of distance education. This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking

studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook v CONTENTS Copyright page……………………………………………ii Table of Contents………………………………………....iv PART 1: General Information ... ... ... v 1.1 Principal Officers of the University ... ... 2 1.2 Visitor, Principal Officers, Deans and Directors ... 3 1.3 Historical Perspective ... ... ... ... 6 1.6 University Administration ... ... ... 10 1.7 Faculties, Institutes, Centres and Schools ... ... 11 PART 2 Distance Learning Centre ... ... ... 13 2.1 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 14 2.2 Distance Learning Centre Academic Calendar … 17 2.3 Deployment of Distance Learning Programmes ... 20 2.4 Studying as a Distance Learner … … … 23 2.11 Waiver and Deferment Guidelines … … 33 PART 3 BSc. Economics 3.1 Overview … … … … … … 40 3.2 Objectives of Programme … … … … 40 3.3 Admission Requirements … … … … 41 3.4 Registration … … …. … … 41 3.5 Matriculation … … … … … 42 3.6 Complaints and Counselling … … … 42 3.7 Course Structure and Requirements for Graduation 43 3.8 Examination Results … … … … 59 3.9 Classification of Degree … … … … 59 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 60 ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook vi PART I General Information ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 1 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder

3.9 Classification of Degree … … … … 59 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 60 ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook vi PART I General Information ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 1 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 2 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Malam Adamu Fika, CFR Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Danladi A. Ameh Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 3 1.2 VISITOR, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEANS AND DIRECTORS Visitor: Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vic- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal

Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar Farouq Yaya ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 4 Director, Directorate of University Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies:

Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law: Dr. Salim Bashir Magashi Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 5 Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 6 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted

Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded in Samaru, Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 7 technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of

and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 7 technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institutionhas since inception been under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (1975- 1978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (1986- 1991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991-1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004-2009), Professor Abdullahi Mustapha (2009-2015), Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Prof.essor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental re- organisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 8 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna

undergoing a fundamental re- organisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 8 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 9 Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. 1.5

Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 9 Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 10 “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of

Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 11 The University Senate building 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 12 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar

(IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 13 PART II Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 14 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus-based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the

applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional income by means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 15 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu

its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and e- Learning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 16 programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu

the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 17 Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities

of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. 18 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferments ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 19 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. International Studies, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 20 2.4 DEPLOYMENT

& Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 20 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 21 Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation

previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 21 Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of relevant Discussion questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 22 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional)

on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 22 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student- student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common room. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 23 The Liaison Offices shall be administered by an Administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices

centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will be working through specially prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills that would assist you in studying independently. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 24 A. Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while

Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to read between the lines and beyond the lines; 5. You must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 25 Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read

read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write well by imitating good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are reading. Therefore, you need the skill of note taking and note making. When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; 3. be consistent in note taking; 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 26 from shock of any kind and be highly

Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 26 from shock of any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will make study more appropriate and effective such as: 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while you are studying because notes may not be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 27 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What to do while Studying 1. Read

the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 27 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing, drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. i. Start early To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact your first day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 28 ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. iii. Read widely Do not just

Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 28 ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand- outs or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials to learn for examinations. v. Revise Revise for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 29 D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you

organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 29 D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You are learning the facts for the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as

or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 30 E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is

evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 31 Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well-focused conclusion. 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands

in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 32 kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here

require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. 1. Read and fully understand the examination regulations 2. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 33 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application

of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment application is abudlc-edu.ng 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 34 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be made at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration

be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 35 - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester – whichever is more convenient for you. - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing

at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 36 - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones.

presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e-tutors shall be made available to you. - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 37 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you

on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 38 - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: o Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal”

programmes: o Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 39 PART III BSc Economics ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 40 I OVERVIEW The Distance Learning Centre (DLC) has established academic requirements that apply to all students working towards a first degree in Economics that are consistent with the standards set by the National University Commission (NUC). These requirements reflect the Centre’s commitment to a broad-based quality education. The main components of the Distance Learning BSc. Economics programme are: (a) Core Curricular; in which students concentrate their studies and receive degrees. (b) Electives; which permit students to take courses of their own choice in consultation with their academic advisors. (c) General Studies; which acquaint students with the foundation of general education in science, social sciences and humanities, as well as inculcating in the undergraduate students the essence of nationalism and morality. The BSc. Economics programme runs for a three year and a four year period leading to the awarded of the Bachelor of Science Degree in Economics. The three year program lasts for a minimum of six semesters and a maximum of ten semesters, and admits direct entry candidates to the 200 level. Candidates admitted into the four year program start from the 100 level. The program lasts for a minimum of eight semesters and a maximum of twelve semesters. II OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME It is expected that, at the end of the undergraduate programme in the Distance Learning Centre students would have acquired: (a) Knowledge of core principles of

from the 100 level. The program lasts for a minimum of eight semesters and a maximum of twelve semesters. II OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME It is expected that, at the end of the undergraduate programme in the Distance Learning Centre students would have acquired: (a) Knowledge of core principles of theoretical economics, i.e. microeconomics, macroeconomics and economic thought; and in the applied fields of economics such as Monetary, International trade, Financial system, Banking, etc.; (b) Knowledge of economic methodologies and quantitative tools of analysis such as mathematics, statistics or econometrics; (c) Skills of economic analysis of local, national, regional and international economic problems and ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 41 (d) Intellectual skills, that is, capacity for critical analysis, research skills and some degree of computer literacy. The electives at 100 and 200 levels are designed to enable students acquire a liberal education and to broaden the intellectual base of the student. The general studies acquaint students with the foundation of general education in the sciences, social sciences and humanities as well as inculcating in the undergraduate students the essence of nationalism and morality. III ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS General Entry Requirements All candidates applying for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Economics must have at least five credits in SSCE, SC, GCE O/L obtained at not more than two sittings. The five credits must include credit in Mathematics; credit in English Language in SSCE, SC, GCE O/L or IJMB English Language and credit in Economics. The other credits can be from other subjects like Additional mathematics, Geography, Government, Accounting, Commerce, etc. For the Four-Year Programme, applicants must write the Universities Matriculation Examination (UME) and attain an acceptable standard in the use of English, Mathematics, Economics and any other subject. For the three year programme for which admission is given

be from other subjects like Additional mathematics, Geography, Government, Accounting, Commerce, etc. For the Four-Year Programme, applicants must write the Universities Matriculation Examination (UME) and attain an acceptable standard in the use of English, Mathematics, Economics and any other subject. For the three year programme for which admission is given to 200 level, prospective candidates must, in addition to satisfying the O’ Level requirements, have sat for three A’ Level subjects including Economics and must have passed them creditably. IV REGISTRATION Registration of students who are offered provisional admission into the DLC is conducted in a central location and lasts for two to three weeks. At the venue of the registration exercise, the registration officer will check and ensure that an applicant’s name is on the admission list before asking the candidate to show his/her original copies of the following documents: ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 42 (a) Academic certificates (SSCE O/Level, A/level, UME scores, etc.) to confirm that the student fulfils the admission requirements. (b) Local Government Area of origin declaration (c) Valid travelling documents and Residence permit (if a foreign student) (d) Birth Certificate or Sworn Declaration of Age If they have ascertained that the credentials are satisfactory, the registration officer will issue registration forms and files to the new student. Certain of forms having been completed by the student, the student will be given a registration number which together with the students profile will be forwarded to the Management Information Unit of the Centre for uploading unto the Student’s Management System as well as the Centre’s database. Once the uploading has been done successfully, the new student will proceed to the payment of registration fees and the online course registration. The student can also proceed to request for his/her identification card using the online payment

uploading unto the Student’s Management System as well as the Centre’s database. Once the uploading has been done successfully, the new student will proceed to the payment of registration fees and the online course registration. The student can also proceed to request for his/her identification card using the online payment receipt obtained from the bank into which the registration fees were paid. V MATRICULATION All students admitted into the Distance Learning Centre for the first time (100 or 200 level) are required to matriculate just as their on campus counterparts. The students matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice-Chancellor and the Director of the Distance Learning Centre. The Director shall clearly spell out the core values, in terms of the mission and vision of the DLC to the students. VI COMPLAINTS AND COUNSELLING The complaints and counselling committee shall assist students with both academic and personal matters where possible. The guidance and counselling unit assist students with issues relating to registration, examination, general academic issues and personal matters as well. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 43 VII COURSE STRUCTURE AND REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATION i. Course Structure The undergraduate program has five main elements (a) Core courses; (b) Project-six credit units in final year; (c) Electives from within the program and other programs from the unit (d) General courses. (e) Foundational courses Table 1 below shows the core courses, electives and the minimum and maximum credit requirements for promotion at each level and graduation. TABLE 1: Course Structure (Core Courses, Electives and Requirements for promotion and graduation) 100 LEVEL Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status 1st Semester ECO 101 ECO 102 ECO 103 GST 101 GST 111 GST 107 BSAQ 101 Economic Principles I Introductory Mathematics for Economists I Introduction to Accounting Nationalism Communication in

Course Structure (Core Courses, Electives and Requirements for promotion and graduation) 100 LEVEL Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status 1st Semester ECO 101 ECO 102 ECO 103 GST 101 GST 111 GST 107 BSAQ 101 Economic Principles I Introductory Mathematics for Economists I Introduction to Accounting Nationalism Communication in English I History & Philosophy of Science Introduction to Business 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 Core Core Core Core Core Core Required ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 44 2nd Semester ECO 101 ECO 102 SSC 101 SOC 101 PSY 101 GST 113 GST 122 BSAQ 102 Economic Principles II Introductory Mathematics for Economists II Introduction to Statistics Introduction to Sociology Introduction to Psychology Nigerian Peoples and Culture Communication in English II Elements of Business Administration 3 3 4 3 3 2 2 2 Core Core Core Elective Elective Core Core Required Note: The total workload includes electives and the compulsory General Studies (see table 1) You are to register for a minimum of 1 elective course per semester. 200 LEVEL Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status 1st Semester ECO 201 ECO 203 ECO 204 ECO 205 GST 223 GST 101 GST 111 GST 107 SSC 201 BSAQ 201 Introduction to Micro- Economics History and Structure of the Nigerian Economy I Mathematics for Economist I Principles of Finance Entrepreneurial Skills and Innovation Nationalism Communication in English 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 4 2 Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Required ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 45 I History & Philosophy of Science Applied Statistics Business Policy 2nd Semester ECO 202 ECO 203 ECO 204 SSC 202 ECO 208 GST 113 GST 122 BSAQ 202 Introduction to Macro- Economics History and Structure of the Nigerian Economy II Mathematics for

ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 45 I History & Philosophy of Science Applied Statistics Business Policy 2nd Semester ECO 202 ECO 203 ECO 204 SSC 202 ECO 208 GST 113 GST 122 BSAQ 202 Introduction to Macro- Economics History and Structure of the Nigerian Economy II Mathematics for Economist II Introduction to Computer Financial Accounting Nigerian Peoples and Culture Communication in English II Business Skills 4 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Required Note: The total workload includes electives and the compulsory General Studies (see table 1) ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 46 300 LEVEL Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status 1st Semester ECO 301 ECO 303 ECO 305 ECO 306 ECO 317 SSC 301 GST 301 ECO 307 ECO 309 ECO 315 ECO 319 BSAQ 301 Intermediate Micro- Economics I History of Economic Thought I Project Evaluation Economics of Development I Theory of Statistics Introduction to Computer II Business Creation And Growth International Economics I Operations Research Monetary Economics Industrial Economics Govt., Business & Society 3 3 4 3 3 2 1 3 3 2 3 2 Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Elective Elective Elective Elective Required 2nd Semester ECO 301 ECO 302 ECO 303 ECO 304 ECO 306 ECO 307 SSC 302 ECO 316 ECO 318 ECO 320 BSAQ 302 Intermediate Micro- Economics II Intermediate Macro- Economics History of Economic Thought II Introductory Econometrics Economics of Development II International Economics II Entrepreneurship Islamic Banking Elements of Banking Industrial Economics II Employability 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 Core Core Core Core Core Elective Core Elective Elective Elective Required You are to register for a minimum of 1 elective course per semester. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook

Banking Elements of Banking Industrial Economics II Employability 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 Core Core Core Core Core Elective Core Elective Elective Elective Required You are to register for a minimum of 1 elective course per semester. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 47 TABLE 5: 400 LEVEL Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status 1st Semester ECO 401 ECO 407 ECO 411 ECO 403 BSAQ 401 Advanced Micro-Economics Economics of Production Elements of Statistics Comparative Economic Systems Entrepreneural Development 4 3 3 3 2 Core Core Core Elective Required 2nd Semester ECO 402 ECO 404 ECO 406 ECO 408 Advanced Macro-Economics Economic Planning Taxation and Fiscal Policy Applied Statistics II 4 3 3 3 Core Core Core Core Both Semesters ECO 420 Research Project/Original Essay 6 Core You are to register for a minimum of 1 elective course per semester. Take a minimum of 24 credit units and a maximum of 42 credit units per session. A total of 120 credit units is required for a 4-year programme and 90 credit units for a 3-yr programme before graduation. NOTE: C = Compulsory E = Elective R = Required LH = Lecture Hours per semester PH = Practical Hours per semester SSC = Foundation courses for programmes in the Social Sciences GST = General Studies Courses offered at the University Level for students registered in all the disciplines in the university. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 48 COURSE SYNOPSIS 100 Level Courses ECO 101 Economic Principles I & II An introduction to the nature of economic science and its basic problem of scarcity; the methodology of economics and major areas of specialization; historical development of ideas, major findings in the various areas of specialization; elementary principles of micro and macro-economics; current

Courses ECO 101 Economic Principles I & II An introduction to the nature of economic science and its basic problem of scarcity; the methodology of economics and major areas of specialization; historical development of ideas, major findings in the various areas of specialization; elementary principles of micro and macro-economics; current issues of interest and probable future developments. ECO 102 Mathematics for Economists I & II The course begins with mathematical concepts in the social sciences; gradual focus on Set theory; factors and exponents; logarithms; trigonometry; different types of equations as well as functions and progressions. Other topics include: Co-ordinate geometry, Trigonometric functions and their inverse; Inequalities, Matrix algebra, and differentiation. The course will introduce calculus, exponential and logarithmic functions, Economic applications, implicit functions and differential as well as permutations and combinations etc. ECO 103 Introduction to Accounting The course commences with the nature, scope and purpose of accounting and introduces basic financial statements and accounting conventions. It covers theory and mechanics of double-entry book- keeping and books of original entry; cash book and the ledger, classification, recording and summary of business transactions are also introduced. In addition, revenue accounts and balance sheets of business concerns, valuation of assets and measurement of business income are discussed. It concludes with interpretation of accounts; significant accounting ratios, and sources and application of funds statements. SSC 101 Introduction to Statistics for Social Science Role of statistics in social science inquiry; Nature of measurement; presentation of data. Central values, measures of deviation, correlation, nature of sampling; Probabilities and normal distribution, inference hypotheses testing. Test of significance. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 49 PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology Basic orientation of the discipline and subject matter; basic theoretical orientations and how psychology relates to other social sciences disciplines. Basic research methods in psychology are

sampling; Probabilities and normal distribution, inference hypotheses testing. Test of significance. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 49 PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology Basic orientation of the discipline and subject matter; basic theoretical orientations and how psychology relates to other social sciences disciplines. Basic research methods in psychology are introduced and the uses of Psychology in modern life are discussed. SOC 101 Introduction to Sociology Introduction to basic problem of sociology and sociological perspective, major theoretical schools and building blocks of society; research methods; culture, socialization and deviance; societal response to deviance and criminality; social differentiation and stratification; main social institutions in society; and social change are discussed. GST 111: Communication in English I: (2 Units: LH 30) Effective communication and writing in English Language skills, essay writing skills (organization and logical presentation of ideas, grammar and style), comprehension, sentence construction, outlines and paragraphs. GST 113: Nigerian Peoples and Culture (2 Units: LH 30) Study of Nigerian history, culture and arts in pre-colonial times; Nigerian’s perception of his world; Culture areas of Nigeria and their characteristics; Evolution of Nigeria as a political unit; Indigene/settler phenomenon; Concepts of trade; Economic self- reliance; Social justice; Individual and national development; Norms and values; Negative attitudes and conducts (cultism and related vices); Re-orientation of moral; Environmental problems. GST 122: Communication in English II (2 Units: LH 30) Logical presentation of papers; Phonetics; Instruction on lexis; Art of public speaking and oral communication; Figures of speech; Précis; Report writing. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 50 200 –Level Courses ECO 201 Introduction to Micro-Economics Micro-economic theory is introduced; other topics include, problem of scarce resources and allocation of resources in product and factor markets with application to Nigerian and other economies; equilibrium concept, possibility of disequilibrium, partial equilibrium and general equilibrium analyses are

Student Handbook 50 200 –Level Courses ECO 201 Introduction to Micro-Economics Micro-economic theory is introduced; other topics include, problem of scarce resources and allocation of resources in product and factor markets with application to Nigerian and other economies; equilibrium concept, possibility of disequilibrium, partial equilibrium and general equilibrium analyses are discussed. Supply and demand theory and the cobweb theory are introduced along with introductory dynamics and consumer behaviour. Other topics include general equilibrium of exchange; production theory; and cost curves. Other topics are pricing and output under perfect competition, imperfect competition, monopoly and monopolistic competition. The course concludes by examining pricing of production factors and theory of comparative costs. ECO 202 Introduction to Macro-Economics Macro-economic theory is introduced along with national income accounting, macro-economic aggregates as well as the classical system--namely Keynesian system and the monetarist system. Other topics include domestic economic stabilisation, monetary and fiscal policies, price control and inflation. ECO 203 History and Structure of the Nigerian Economy I & II Beginning with the analysis of development of the Nigerian economy in the pre-colonial and post-colonial periods, the course also covers the development of economic and social organizations, the role of agriculture, industry, as well as monetization and banking. It also examines the role of international trade in Nigerian economic development. In addition, growth of income, employment, wages and prices are discussed as well as public development institutions, national income and expenditure. The related topics of monetary and fiscal policies, monetary institutions, trade and transport systems and contributions of sectors of the Nigerian economy to national output, relationship between these sectors are also discussed. ECO 204 Mathematics for Economists I & II This course builds on ECO 102 and proceeds with derivatives of trigonometric functions; sequences and series; expansions, and Taylor’s theory. It covers Mathematical analysis of basic

of sectors of the Nigerian economy to national output, relationship between these sectors are also discussed. ECO 204 Mathematics for Economists I & II This course builds on ECO 102 and proceeds with derivatives of trigonometric functions; sequences and series; expansions, and Taylor’s theory. It covers Mathematical analysis of basic theories of economics as well as partial and total derivatives, differentials and ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 51 difference equations. It also covers applications of partial derivatives, maxima and minima as well as Lagrange multiplier; Linear algebra; Matrix algebra and Inverse matrix. Other topics include Simultaneous linear equations; introduction to linear programming and in-put output analysis etc. ECO 205 Principles of Finance Finance is Introduced, sources of finance (long and short term), sources and application of funds as well as capital formation and types of capital. Financial decision and liquidity are also discusses. Forms of money and theories of finance; finance and the modern economy; finance and economic activities are introduced. SSC 201 Applied Statistics The course examines the role and significance of statistics in Social Science research and proceeds with the logic and basis of inferential statistics (sampling design and selection). It also covers sampling distribution and point and interval estimates of parameters as well as the logic of hypothesis testing. Tests of significance for nominal, ordinal level, interval and ratio level are also discussed as well as measures of association for nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio levels. It concludes with simple regression, index number and unit normal distribution. ECO 206 Theories of Human Resources The course begins with a review of various theories of human resources and their application to practical situations in industry and public service. Topics include human resources in Nigeria and their distribution in different regions of Nigeria, Africa and the global economy.

normal distribution. ECO 206 Theories of Human Resources The course begins with a review of various theories of human resources and their application to practical situations in industry and public service. Topics include human resources in Nigeria and their distribution in different regions of Nigeria, Africa and the global economy. ECO 208 Financial Accounting The nature, scope and purpose of accounting are discussed as are basic financial statements. Accounting conventions. The course also covers theory and mechanics of double-entry book-keeping; book of original entry; the cash book and the ledger, classification, recording and summary of business transactions. Other topics include, the revenue accounts and balance sheets of business concerns; the valuation of assets and measurement of business income; and the interpretation of accounts as well as significant accounting ratios. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 52 GST 223 Introduction to Entrepreneurial Studies (2 Units: LH 30) Introductory Entrepreneurial skills: Relevant Concepts: Enterprise, Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurship, Business, Innovation, Creativity, Enterprising and Entrepreneurial Attitude and Behaviour. History of Entrepreneurship in Nigeria. Rationale for Entrepreneurship, Creativity and Innovation for Entrepreneurs. Leadership and Entrepreneurial Skills for coping with challenge. Unit Operations and Time Management. Creativity and Innovation for Self- Employment in Nigeria. Overcoming Job Creation Challenges. Opportunities for Entrepreneurship, Forms of Businesses, Staffing, Marketing and the New Enterprise. Feasibility Studies and Starting a New Business. Determining Capital Requirement and Raising Capital. Financial Planning and Management. Legal Issues, Insurance and Environmental Considerations. 300-Level Courses ECO 301 Intermediate Micro-Economic Theory I Philosophy and methodology of microeconomics; conceptual analysis of homo-economicus; choice theory and the role of institutions and environment in choice theory; Neo-classical and competing theories of consumer behaviour; Commitment problems; theory of production and cost. ECO 301 Intermediate Micro-Economic Theory II This is a more advanced and mathematical treatment of micro- economic theory with incorporation

conceptual analysis of homo-economicus; choice theory and the role of institutions and environment in choice theory; Neo-classical and competing theories of consumer behaviour; Commitment problems; theory of production and cost. ECO 301 Intermediate Micro-Economic Theory II This is a more advanced and mathematical treatment of micro- economic theory with incorporation of linear programming; advanced price and output determination under perfect competition, oligopoly and monopoly. The course also covers exchange theory, offer curves, and contract curves as well as introduction to capital theory and types of production functions. ECO 302 Intermediate Macro-Economic Theory The course begins with the Concept of national income, classical Keynesian and monetarist systems compared but also covers problems of unemployment and inflation and IS – LM analytical apparatus in discussion of the relative effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 53 ECO 303 History of Economic Thought I& II Comparative survey and assessment in economic thought is examined as are the ideas of the early Christian Fathers and Islamic Ideas on economic activity. Topics include classical economics, neo-classical school of thought, positive and welfare schools of economic thought, institutional economics, Keynesian School of Economic thought as well as evolution and contemporary development of Marxian School of Economic thought. Contemporary state of development in economics and future prospects are examined; Marginalists and modern schools of economic thought and African economic ideas and future prospects are also discussed. ECO 304 Introductory Econometrics Beginning with extensions of the two – variable linear model the course also covers introduction to matrix algebra and algebra of econometrics. The General linear model and generalized lease square procedure, violations of linear model assumptions and the correction of serial correlation (autocorrelation) of the errors, intercorrelation (Multicollinearity) of the variables, stochastic regressions and errors in variables are also discussed. Other

course also covers introduction to matrix algebra and algebra of econometrics. The General linear model and generalized lease square procedure, violations of linear model assumptions and the correction of serial correlation (autocorrelation) of the errors, intercorrelation (Multicollinearity) of the variables, stochastic regressions and errors in variables are also discussed. Other topics are identification of problems, meaning, detection and correction, simultaneous models and estimations, K-class estimators and the choice of estimators. Students will be engage in practical solution of problems and familiarity with the computer. ECO 305 Project Evaluation Definition and classification of projects and project evaluation are introduced and project and the overall view of development programme data requirements discussed. Topics in the course include, location and size of projects, calculation of investments required for a project, and evaluation of projects. Other topics are appraisal of projects from commercial and social view points and cash flow analysis ECO 306 Economic of Development I & II The distinction between development and growth is introduced and development and underdevelopment, theories of development are examined. Various theories such as classical, Marxian, Schumpeterian and Harrod – Domar, Characteristics of a developing country, obstacles to development and strategy to remove them are discussed. Governance and corruption; civil society and development; ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 54 globalization as a developmental issues are also discussed. Topics such as dualism, balanced and unbalanced growth, resource of technology, globalization as a developmental issue, governance and corruption, civil society and development, international trade and aid policy issues and case studies, poverty, equity and well-being are also discussed. ECO 307 International Economics I & II The course covers introduction to the theory of trade and international finance incorporating presentation of various theories of international trade, foreign trade protection, economic integration and balance of payments. It also covers foreign

and case studies, poverty, equity and well-being are also discussed. ECO 307 International Economics I & II The course covers introduction to the theory of trade and international finance incorporating presentation of various theories of international trade, foreign trade protection, economic integration and balance of payments. It also covers foreign aid capital flows and the uses of international economics in explaining contemporary international relations and diplomacy. ECO 308 Public Policy/Public Sector Economics The concept of the public sector is examined and the pricing, investment and financing of public sector enterprises discussed. The role of the public sector and economic development is examined as well as analysis of selected public policies; special attention will be paid to the public service in Nigeria. ECO 309 Operations Research The course will concentrate on applications of economic analysis to real life situations and will also cover linear programming, non-linear programming, game theory, queuing-models, Markov Chains, and simulation. ECO 315 Monetary Economics I & II The course examines the framework for monetary analysis and discusses whether this should focus on money or wealth. Other topics covered are supply of money theories; wealth effect mechanism of monetary policy, and inflation. ECO 316 – Islamic Banking and Finance This is an advanced course which offer foundation of Islamic financial and models of Islamic finance, Islamic economic system, basic characteristics, prohibition of riba, cost benefit analysis to the hereafter, justice to factors of production, zakat, qirad, far’aid and hisbah; theory of consumer behaviour; savings vs investment decision; macroeconomic policies in an Islamic economic system, ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 55 financial and business transactions in a non riba economy; central banking in a riba free environment and zakah as a fiscal redistributive policy. ECO 317 Theory of Statistics Sample designs and sampling distributions. Point and interval

policies in an Islamic economic system, ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 55 financial and business transactions in a non riba economy; central banking in a riba free environment and zakah as a fiscal redistributive policy. ECO 317 Theory of Statistics Sample designs and sampling distributions. Point and interval estimation; confidence intervals, hypothesis testing. Simple regression analysis. Two-variable linear model: assumption of estimations and problems. Index numbers. Construction of simple relative: some comm0n business indexes number: problems of index number construction; price index numbers; quantity index numbers other business application of index numbers. Chi-square test; the chi- square distribution; chi-square statistics, test of goodness of fit; test of independence, contingency tables. Time series: the time series models; trend; the cycle; the seasonal index; forecasting. ECO 318 – Elements of Banking The nature, evolution and functions of money; the monetary standard; the structure of the banking system, commercial bank deposit, creation and destruction of money, bank operations; loans, asset management, liabilities and capital account, income, risk and profit. Banking institution; development banks, merchant banks, other specialized banks, central banking in Nigeria, money and debt management policies. ECO 319 Industrial Economics Definition of industrialisation and industrial structure; notion of industrial revolution or industrial take off and quantitative criteria for classifying economies into industrialised and non-industrialised categories. Notion of industrial development strategy; merits of emphasis on capital good or consumer good at the initial stages of industrial growth; import substitution; source of financing industrial investment; tariffs policies and price policies for industrial development. Techniques for measuring special (regional, locational) and product concentration and diversification; leakage problem; vertical and horizontal integration and firm cost of production. ECO 320 Industrial Economics II Ownership structure and the issues of nationalization and indigenization. Choice of techniques, structure of industrial employment, income distribution. Basic principles of industrial

development. Techniques for measuring special (regional, locational) and product concentration and diversification; leakage problem; vertical and horizontal integration and firm cost of production. ECO 320 Industrial Economics II Ownership structure and the issues of nationalization and indigenization. Choice of techniques, structure of industrial employment, income distribution. Basic principles of industrial ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 56 management and organization, difference approaches to industrial management- people and production centered approaches, workers participation, cooperatives, etc. corporate planning and economics of production control: corporate finance and accounting; transportation models, assignment models; marketing and advertising strategies. 400-Level Courses ECO 401 Advanced Micro-Economics Beginning with fundamental quantitative relationships, the course focuses on general equilibrium and disequilibrium. It also examines Dynamic analysis, value theory production functions, duopoly, oligopoly, bilateral monopoly and monopsony. Other topics are theories of determination of wages, rent, interest and profit; optimisation in theories of consumption and production. It also includes the notion of economic efficiency; Efficiency and equity; Externalities as well as Social and private costs and Pareto optimum. Social welfare functions are also studied. ECO 402 Advanced Macro-Economics This course studies basic model of income determination and extension from a simple closed economy to a four-sector economy. Detailed theories of consumption and investment functions and the classical Keynesian models of employment and output are also examined. Other topic are Capital theory, theories of money, prices and interests and introduction to models of economic growth. Macro- economic policies and optimal allocation of resources are also discussed. ECO 403 Comparative Economic Systems The course will expose student to the classification and analysis of economic systems such as communalism, slavery, feudalism, capitalism, and communism. Topics include systems in transition and features of under-developed countries. ECO 404 Economic Development/Planning The rationale for planning is examined and origins of planning and types and performance

Systems The course will expose student to the classification and analysis of economic systems such as communalism, slavery, feudalism, capitalism, and communism. Topics include systems in transition and features of under-developed countries. ECO 404 Economic Development/Planning The rationale for planning is examined and origins of planning and types and performance discussed. Topics covered include Planning machinery; the planning process; planning decision models and planning data. Other topics are objectives and policy formation; Plan ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 57 implementation; Development planning in Nigeria; Development and under-development. ECO 406 Taxation and Fiscal Policy The course covers the Nigerian system of income tax Administration; structure and procedures, returns, assessments, appeal, postponement, collection; with reference to all necessary legislation. Topics will include distinction between the taxation of income and taxation of Capital; Personal Income Tax. Other topics are the law and practice of income tax relating to individuals, exemptions, settlements, trusts, and estates. It also covers Partnership assessments, treatments of losses as well as computation of assessable Income; commencement and cessation of trade or business. Company Tax – the principles and scope of company tax as well as small company provisions including definitions, computations and exemption. ECO 407 Economics of Production The course covers the scope, methodology of industrial economics; industrial structure and definitions; problems and measurement theories of the firm. Other topics are the growth of the firm, diversification in mergers and innovation, investment economics, risk, and uncertainty. The course will also examine, the cost of capital, sources of finance; industrial pricing and marketing, pricing and marketing public goods; government intervention in industry and public policy, industrial location; industrial practices and policies in Nigeria and factors of fixed investment demand. It concludes with Economic and non-economic factors in development experience and a survey of development theories, Natural endowments, Human

finance; industrial pricing and marketing, pricing and marketing public goods; government intervention in industry and public policy, industrial location; industrial practices and policies in Nigeria and factors of fixed investment demand. It concludes with Economic and non-economic factors in development experience and a survey of development theories, Natural endowments, Human resources, Structural transformation, Trade and aid costs prices. ECO 408 Applied Statistics II The course provides the opportunity to apply basic statistical techniques learnt in the analysis of data. Special focus will be on computations of measures of central tendency and variability, statistical application in tests of relationships, computations of basic geographical data, use of statistics in presentations. ECO 411 Elements of Statistics The application of statistical techniques to economic problems. Review of descriptive statistics. Survey: complete versus sample ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 58 surveys, sampling procedure; survey experiences in some African countries. Estimation: point estimates. ECO 420 – RESEARCH PROJECT An essay on a topic selected from a list covering generalised areas of economic disciplines dealing with significant current economic problems. This is to be presented in at least five (5) chapters of not less than sixty (60) pages of A4 paper and double spaced type with 14 font size characters following the format below: CHAPTER ONE: Introduction CHAPTER TWO: Literature review ant Theoretical frameworks. CHAPTER THREE: Methodology – method of data presentation, analysis and interpretation. CHAPTER FOUR: Data presentation, analysis and interpretation. CHAPTER FIVE: Summary, conclusion and recommendations. Students are required to write and submit to their supervisor tree topics which must be formed from the given sub-themes of that session and are expected to research and gather enough materials on the topic of interest they want to write on before forwarding it to their supervisor for approval. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook

to their supervisor tree topics which must be formed from the given sub-themes of that session and are expected to research and gather enough materials on the topic of interest they want to write on before forwarding it to their supervisor for approval. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 59 EXAMINATION RESULTS Semester Grades (a) Semester grades are calculated as Grade Point Averages (GPA) on the basis of A, B, C, D and F, which are equivalent to 5, 4, 3, 2, and 0 grade points (GP), respectively for classified degrees. (b) The minimum pass mark is 45% or GP of 1.00 for classified degrees, hence, a minimum CGPA of 1.00 is required for graduation. (c) In order to obtain an overall pass in the examinations in any year of study, a student is required to maintain a CGPA of at least 1.00 to be in good academic standing, a student whose cumulative GPA falls below 1.00 at the end of any year of study shall be placed on “probation”. How Grade Points are computed in your courses Grades Grade Points 70-100 (A) 5 60-70 (B) 4 50-59 (C) 3 45-49 (D) 2 0-44 (F) 0 The class of degree as described above is being determined by the efforts a student puts into his/her studies from 100 level or 200 level as the case may be to the final level/year of his/her studies. CLASSIFICATION OF DEGREE CGPA CLASS OF DEGREE 4.50-500 1st First Class 3.50-4.49 2nd Class Upper Division 2.40-3.49 2nd Class Lower Division 1.50-2.39 Third Class 1.00-1.49 Pass Below 1.00 Fail ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 60 Appendix 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES TABLE OF CONTENT Title Page Copyright Page Contents Definitions 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Preamble 1.2 DLC Law and Statute 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination

2.40-3.49 2nd Class Lower Division 1.50-2.39 Third Class 1.00-1.49 Pass Below 1.00 Fail ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 60 Appendix 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES TABLE OF CONTENT Title Page Copyright Page Contents Definitions 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Preamble 1.2 DLC Law and Statute 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 2.0 Preparation for Examinations 3.0 Examination Venues 4.0. Administering Examinations 5.0 Appointment of External/Internal Moderators/Examiners 6.0 General Examination Regulations, 7.0 Consequences for Failing to Write Examinations 8.0 Academic Monitoring/Quality Assurance 9.0 Research Work and Project, Dissertation and Thesis Management 10.0 Duties of Invigilators 11.0 Examination Malpractice ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 61 12.0 Sanctions 12.1 Offence by Students 12.2 Offences Involving Staff 13.0 Management of Examination Results 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. 1.2 DLC Law and Statute The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 1. The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified

of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 1. The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 62 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations shall be supervised examinations as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 Nigerian Students Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 International Students Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed

or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 63 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 64 4.0. ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type

8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 64 4.0. ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three (3) semester in every session. 4. Examination timelines: a. All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e-tutors within four weeks of the semester. b. All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c. All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d. A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 65 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8.

day before commencement of the examination. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 65 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 66 2. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS,

number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour after the examination has started shall not be allowed to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 67 textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is

notes, ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 67 textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 68 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must

Student Handbook 68 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 69 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESIS MANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall.

be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 70 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook

(CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 71 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 Offence by Students (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: i) Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination ii) Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. iii) Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. iv) Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. v) Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. vi) Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. vii) Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. viii) Willful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. ix) Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. x) Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 72 (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session i) Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) ii) Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. iii) Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) iv) If a student refuses to appear after first year of

offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session i) Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) ii) Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. iii) Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) iv) If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. v) Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. vi) Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations vii) Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Economics Student Handbook 73 11.2 Offences Involving Staff 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. 2. Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise).

Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. 5. Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Sripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) i DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE Ahmadu Bello University STUDENT HANDBOOK BSc. INTERNATIONAL STUDIES ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) ii © 2023 Distance Learning Centre, ABU Zaria, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the Director, Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. First published 2018 Published and Printed by Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tel: 08065949711 abupress@abu.edu.ng info@abupress.com.ng Website: www.abupress.com.ng ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) iii FOREWORD Whereas the Distance Learning Centre Prospectus covers all aspects of the Distance Learning delivery in Ahmadu Bello University, the DLC B.Sc. International Studies Student Handbook is designed to give you an overview of the B.Sc. International Studies by Distance Learning in the Ahmadu Bello University. A Handbook of this nature is a must read for you. It provides useful information on the nature, orientation and scope of the B.Sc. International Studies programme as well as highlights the uniqueness of this delivery modality. As you opt for the distance learning mode to acquire a Bachelor of Science degree in International Studies, we shall strive to make your learning experience a memorable one. I urge you to commit, discipline and submit yourself to the demand of distance education. This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again, I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking

studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again, I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) iv CONTENTS Copyright page ... ... ... ... ... ii Foreword ... ... ... ... ... ... iii Contents ... ... ... ... ... … iv PART 1: General Information ... ... ... 1 1.1 Principal Officers of the University ... ... 3 1.2 Officers of the University ... ... 4 1.3 DLC Principal Officers ... ... 7 1.4 Historical Perspective ... ... ... ... 7 1.5 Zaria. ... ... ... ... ... ... 9 1.6 Philosophy and Objectives of the University ... 10 1.7 University Administration ... ... ... 11 1.8 Faculties, Institutes, Centres and Schools ... 12 PART 2 Distance Learning Centre ... ... ... 14 2.1 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 15 2.4 Administration ... ... ... ... 18 2.5 Distance Learning Centre Academic Calendar 18 2.6 Programmes for Distance Learning Delivery 20 2.7 Deployment of Distance Learning Programmes 21 2.8 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery ... 22 2.9 ICT Infrastructure ... ... ... ... 24 2.10 Studying as a Distance Learner ... ... 24 2.11 Waiver and Deferment Guidelines ... ... 34 PART 3 BSc. International Studies ... ... 40 3.1 Overview ... ... ... ... ... 41 3.2 Objectives of Programme ... ... ... 41 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) v 3.3 Admission Requirements ... ... ... 42 3.4 Registration ... ... ... ... ... 43 3.5

34 PART 3 BSc. International Studies ... ... 40 3.1 Overview ... ... ... ... ... 41 3.2 Objectives of Programme ... ... ... 41 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) v 3.3 Admission Requirements ... ... ... 42 3.4 Registration ... ... ... ... ... 43 3.5 Matriculation ... ... ... ... ... 45 3.6 Complaints and Counselling ... ... ... 45 3.7 Course Structure and Requirements for Graduation 45 3.8 Examination Results ... ... ... ... 67 3.9 Classification of Degree ... ... ... 69 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 69 1.0 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 69 1.1 Preamble ... ... ... ... ... 69 1.2 DLC law and statute ... ... ... ... 69 1.3 Justification for DLC examination policy ... 69 2.0 Examination Venues ... ... ... ... 70 2.1 Nigerian students ... ... ... ... 70 2.2 International students ... ... ... 70 3.0 Preparation for examinations ... ... ... 71 4.0 Administering examinations ... ... ... 72 5.0 Appointment of external/internal moderators/examiners 74 6.0 General examination regulations, ... ... 74 7.0 Consequences for failing to write examinations 76 8.0 Academic monitoring/quality assurance ... 77 9.0 Research work and project, dissertation and thesis management ... ... ... ... 77 10.0 Duties of invigilators ... ... ... ... 77 11.0 Examination malpractice ... ... ... 78 12.0 Sanctions ... ... ... ... ... 79 13.0 Management of examination results ... ... 81 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) vi PART I General Information ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) 1 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) 2 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His

vi PART I General Information ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) 1 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) 2 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Malam Adamu Fika, CFR Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Danladi A. Ameh Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) 3 1.2 VISITOR, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEANS AND DIRECTORS Visitor: Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vic- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for

Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) 4 Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar Farouq Yaya Director, Directorate of University Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean,

Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) 5 Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law: Dr. Salim Bashir Magashi Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) 6 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got

and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded in Samaru, Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) 7 technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and

a digital environment in which the most up-to-date ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) 7 technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institutionhas since inception been under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (1975- 1978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (1986- 1991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991-1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004-2009), Professor Abdullahi Mustapha (2009-2015), Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Prof.essor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental re- organisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) 8 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of

Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) 8 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) 9 Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in

Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) 9 Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) 10 “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs

ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) 11 The University Senate building 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) 12 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training

(DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) 13 PART II Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) 14 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus-based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of

University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional income by means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) 15 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with

postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) 16 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and e- Learning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate

in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. International Studies) 17 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. 18 ABU DLC ACADEMIC

examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. 18 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferment 19 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. International Studies, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. 20 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello

Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. 20 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of 21 the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for

force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of relevant Discussion questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. 22 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call

put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student- student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common room. 23 The Liaison Offices shall be administered by an Administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes

event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will be working through specially prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills that would assist you in studying independently. 24 A. Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to

while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to read between the lines and beyond the lines; 5. You must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. 25 Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear,

you are learning. iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write well by imitating good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are reading. Therefore, you need the skill of note taking and note making. When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; 3. be consistent in note taking; 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. 26 B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You

home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will make study more appropriate and effective such as: 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while you are studying because notes may not be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? 27 All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be

tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing, drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. i. Start early To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact your first day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for 28 examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand- outs or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus

lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand- outs or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials to learn for examinations. v. Revise Revise for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. 29 vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly.

examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You are learning the facts for the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must 30 have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not

abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear 31 Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important,

waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well-focused conclusion. 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. 32 F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print.

concept at a time. How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. 33 G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. 1. Read and fully understand the examination regulations 2. ii.. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself

questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 34 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment application is abudlc-abu.ng 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be made at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1.

not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be made at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 35 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester – whichever is more convenient for you. - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU

convenient for you. - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). 36 - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over

with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. 37 - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e-tutors shall be made available to you. - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available:

and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 38 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto,

university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” 39 PART III B.Sc International Studies 40 3.1 OVERVIEW The programme, B.Sc. International Studies is a four-year course that is offered within the Faculty of Art, Social Sciences and Education at ABU DLC, albeit it has been existing on campus since 1981 alongside Political Science. The programme has grown over time from been a sub-discipline of political science to an independent discipline with sub-disciplines. The course is designed to equipped students with the knowledge of International Relations and Politics with fresh ideas and ability to analyse, explain and predict domestic and international issues. As such, the students are exposed to scientific research method as obtained in the behavioural approach to the study of politics. The course also train students on how to conduct real diplomacy and other diplomatic engagements such as representation, conflict resolution, conflict management and peace building at domestic, international and organizational levels. Overall,

students are exposed to scientific research method as obtained in the behavioural approach to the study of politics. The course also train students on how to conduct real diplomacy and other diplomatic engagements such as representation, conflict resolution, conflict management and peace building at domestic, international and organizational levels. Overall, the programme provides an avenue for skill acquisition and manpower development for both students and staff on policies and research issues. 3.2 OBJECTIVES In consonance with the Vision and Mission of ABU and the Distance Learning Centre, the undergraduate programme for a degree in International Studies is designed to fulfill the following objectives, irrespective of gender, race, location and in flexible manner: a. Strengthen democracy, national/international integration and good governance through the production of quality manpower capable of impacting existing structures and institutions b. To offer a broad and inductive foundation to International Studies students in order to acquaint them with the general nature of politics and the working of government in Nigeria and other regions of the world. 41 c. To give students a sound background in the breadth, depth and content of the International Relations disciplines and it principal sub-fields. d. To offer instructions and training in courses that are relevant to the needs and problems of Nigeria, Africa and other developing countries. e. To provide training on interdisciplinary approach and analytical skills in solving national and world problems. f. To emphasize research focused on a world region other than the student’s own and inculcate foreign language skills in the students. 3.3 ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR B.Sc. INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 3.3.1 General Requirement Admission for all candidates to study B.Sc. degree in International Studies shall be by entrance examination organized by Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB). However, the following specific requirements must be fulfilled: a) To be an eligible

in the students. 3.3 ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR B.Sc. INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 3.3.1 General Requirement Admission for all candidates to study B.Sc. degree in International Studies shall be by entrance examination organized by Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB). However, the following specific requirements must be fulfilled: a) To be an eligible candidate for admission into 100 level, candidate must possess 5 O/Level credit passes including English Language, Mathematics, Government/Civic education History, French/Arabic and any other two (2) credits in social sciences or Art subject in either SSCCE, WASC, NECO at not more than two (2) sittings. At UTME level, candidates must write Government, Economic or History, English language and any other social sciences or art subject. 42 b) Direct Entry For direct entry candidates, holders of IJMB Certificate or Diploma in International Relation offered at the Department of political Science and International Relations with a minimum of merit may be admitted into the second year. They must also possess 5 O.Level or equivalents with passes at credit level as obtained in (a) above. 3.4 REGISTRATION 3.4.1 Registration Requirement Registration of students who are offered provisional admission to study B.Sc. International Studies into the DLC is conducted in a central location and lasts for two to three weeks. At the venue of the registration exercise, the registration officer will check and ensure that an applicant’s name is on the admission list before asking the candidate to show his/her original copies of the following documents: (a) Academic certificates (SSCE O/Level, A/level, UME scores, etc.) to confirm that the student fulfils the admission requirements. (b) Local Government Area of origin declaration (c) Valid travelling documents and Residence permit (if a foreign student) (d) Birth Certificate or Sworn Declaration of Age 3.4.2 Registration Details: Registration for fresh students for B.Sc. International Studies programme shall be

etc.) to confirm that the student fulfils the admission requirements. (b) Local Government Area of origin declaration (c) Valid travelling documents and Residence permit (if a foreign student) (d) Birth Certificate or Sworn Declaration of Age 3.4.2 Registration Details: Registration for fresh students for B.Sc. International Studies programme shall be guided by the ABU DLC method of online delivery. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported 43 Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of course materials; face to face interaction as well as an online interactive component. However, students are required to note the following: i. All core courses for a semester/session must be registered before considering taken an elective(s) ii. Students will be given the opportunity to choose electives to make up or add to their credit units for a semester/session where necessary before his/her courses are uploaded. Hence, students are strongly advice to choose their electives from the available ones that will be recommended. iii. The minimum credit units to be registered in a semester is 12 and a maximum of 24. iv. It is mandatory for fresh 200 level International Studies students to register all the 100 level French courses for the programme (i.e. FRNC 111, 113, 112 and 114) GENS courses and computer studies course (COSC 101) in their first year. v. Students must pass their French courses from the previous semester/ session before taking the subsequent ones as the case may be. This is because all lower French course are prerequisites to the higher ones except the French courses at 100 level first semester. vi. From 100 to 400 level students from Nigerian or non- French speaking countries are to study different French courses from students that are from francophone countries. vii. Student should note that

lower French course are prerequisites to the higher ones except the French courses at 100 level first semester. vi. From 100 to 400 level students from Nigerian or non- French speaking countries are to study different French courses from students that are from francophone countries. vii. Student should note that their decision to take on either French or Arabic option cannot be interchange at any level of their studies after the commencement of the programme. 44 3.5 MATRICULATION All students admitted into the Distance Learning Centre for the first time (100 or 200 level) are required to matriculate just as their on-campus counterparts. The students matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice-Chancellor and the Director of the Distance Learning Centre. The Director shall clearly spell out the core values, in terms of the mission and vision of the DLC to the students. 3.6 COMPLAINTS AND COUNSELLING The complaints and counselling committee shall assist students with both academic and personal matters where possible. The guidance and counselling unit assist students with issues relating to registration, examination, general academic issues and personal matters as well. 3.7 COURSE STRUCTURE AND REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATION 3.7.1 Course Structure The undergraduate program has five main elements i. Core Course: This is a course which is considered so important to the programme that they are classified as compulsory. If a student fails a core course at the end of a semester, such failed courses constitute a carry over and a student cannot graduate without passing all core courses. ii. Cognate Courses: This is a compulsory course taken outside the Department. It has all the features of a core course. iii. Elective Course: This is classified as optional, although the Department has suggested some relevant elective courses that students may wish to select from. If

passing all core courses. ii. Cognate Courses: This is a compulsory course taken outside the Department. It has all the features of a core course. iii. Elective Course: This is classified as optional, although the Department has suggested some relevant elective courses that students may wish to select from. If a 45 student fails an elective course, he/she has the right to retake it or abandon it. iv. Prerequisite Course: This means if a student fails to pass a prerequisite course, he/she will not be allowed to register the higher-level course. v. Project: six credit units in final year; 3.7.2 TABLE 1: Course Structure (Core Courses for promotion and graduation) for B.Sc. International Studies 100 Level Courses A) First Semester Courses COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CREDIT UNIT STATUS INTS 101 Ancestors of the Contemporary International System 2 Core POLS 101 Introduction to Political Science 2 Core INTS 105 History of Europe from the French Revolution to World War II 2 Core STAT 165 Statistics for political Science 2 Core FRNC 111 Introduction to French for International Studies 2 Core FRNC 113 Conversational Practice for International Studies 2 Core GENS 101 Nationalism 1 Core GENS 103 English and Communication Skills 2 Core COSC 101 Computer Studies 2 Core TOTAL CREDIT UNIT 17 46 B) Second Semester COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CREDIT UNIT STATUS POLS 102 Introduction to African Politics 2 Core POLS 110 Introduction to Research and Knowledge Acquisition 2 Core POLS 112 Citizen and the State 2 Core INTS 102 Evolution of the Contemporary International System 2 Core INTS 106 Introduction to Management 2 Core GEOG 106 Environmental Science 2 Core FRNC 112 Rudiments of French for International Studies 2 Core FRNC 114 Conversational Practice for International Studies 2 Core TOTAL CREDIT UNIT 16 47 200 Level Courses A) First

Evolution of the Contemporary International System 2 Core INTS 106 Introduction to Management 2 Core GEOG 106 Environmental Science 2 Core FRNC 112 Rudiments of French for International Studies 2 Core FRNC 114 Conversational Practice for International Studies 2 Core TOTAL CREDIT UNIT 16 47 200 Level Courses A) First Semester COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CREDIT UNIT STATUS INTS 201 Introduction to International Relations 2 Core POLS 201 Nigerian Government and Politics I 2 Core INTS 211 Element of Contemporary Global Studies 2 Core POLS 203 Political Ideas 2 Core POLS 213 Introduction to Regional Integration and Comparative Regional Integration 2 Core POLS 207 Introduction to Comparative Politics 2 Core INTS 207 New States in World Politics 2 Core FRNC 213 French Language for International Studies 2 Core FRNC 215 Oral Practice for International Studies 2 Core TOTAL CREDIT UNIT 18 48 B) Second Semester COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CREDIT UNIT STATUS POLS 202 Nigerian Government and Politics II 2 Core POLS 204 Foundation of Political Economy 2 Core INTS 202 Structure of International Society 2 Core POLS 210 Introduction to Political Analysis 2 Core FRNC 212 French for International Studies II 2 Core FRNC 214 Oral Practice for International Studies II 2 Core GENS 202 Entrepreneurship and Innovation 2 Core TOTAL CREDIT UNIT 14 300 Level Courses A) First Semester COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CREDIT UNIT STATUS INTS 301 International Economic Relations 2 Core POLS 307 Research Methods 2 Core POLS 311 Globalization and the Developing World 2 Core INTS 303 The International Political System 2 Core INTS 307 International Politics in the Post-cold War Era 2 Core INTS 309 Field Trip 2 Core POLS 321 Theory and Practice of Administration 2 Core FRNC 321 French for International Studies 2 Core GENS 301 Entrepreneurship 2 Core TOTAL CREDIT UNIT

INTS 303 The International Political System 2 Core INTS 307 International Politics in the Post-cold War Era 2 Core INTS 309 Field Trip 2 Core POLS 321 Theory and Practice of Administration 2 Core FRNC 321 French for International Studies 2 Core GENS 301 Entrepreneurship 2 Core TOTAL CREDIT UNIT 18 49 B) Second Semester COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CREDIT UNIT STATUS POLS 304 Public Policy Analysis 2 Core POLS 302 Political Data Analysis 2 Core INTS 310 Theories of International Relations 2 Core INTS 308 Foreign Policy Analysis 2 Core INTS 304 Laws of Nations and Diplomacy 2 Core POLS 326 History of Political Thought 3 Core FRNC 322 French for International Studies (Advanced) II 2 Core TOTAL CREDIT UNIT 15 400 Level Courses A) First Semester COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CREDIT UNIT STATUS INTS 401 Nigerian Foreign Policy 2 Core INTS 403 Fundamental Human Rights 2 Core INTS 405 Foreign Policies of the Powers 2 Core INTS 407 Race, Religion and Ethnicity in International Relations 2 Core INTS 409 International Politics of Mass Communication 2 Core POLS 405 Third World and Dependency 2 Core INTS 411 International Politics of Africa 2 Core FRNC 431 French for International Studies I 2 Core TOTAL CREDIT UNIT 16 50 B) Second Semester COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CREDIT UNIT STATUS POLS 400 Research Project 6 Core INTS 406 International Institutions 2 Core INTS 404 Contemporary Strategic Studies 2 Core INTS 408 Technology, Ecology and Environmental Issues in International Relations 2 Core FRNC 430 French for International Studies II 2 Core TOTAL CREDIT UNIT 14 Total number of Credit Units: 128 3.7.3 Course Description/Synopsis 100 Level Courses A) First Semester INTS 101: Ancestors of the Contemporary International System (2 Units: LH 30) A brief survey of the fore-runners of the contemporary international system

430 French for International Studies II 2 Core TOTAL CREDIT UNIT 14 Total number of Credit Units: 128 3.7.3 Course Description/Synopsis 100 Level Courses A) First Semester INTS 101: Ancestors of the Contemporary International System (2 Units: LH 30) A brief survey of the fore-runners of the contemporary international system to highlight some earlier answers to the problem of co-existence, order and peace; focus on previous examples of arrangements for organizing relations between diverse peoples from which our modern system sprang; The Chou system; the Greek City States; the Egyptian; Assyrian, Persian world, Renaissance Italy etc. INTS 105: History of Europe from the French Revolution to World War II (2 Units: LH 30) (4-2-0-6) Ideas, concepts and institutions which influenced the evolution of Europe and sustained it up to the era of the French Revolution and beyond; feudalism, the church; cities, 51 humanism, renaissance; reformation; the commercial and scientific revolutions; absolutism, enlightenment; industrial revolution; the advent of the principle of nationality and the globalization of the international system. POLS 101: Introduction to Political Science (2 Units: LH 30) A general introduction to the organization and operation of modern governments with emphasis on the forms and types of government, the principles associated with modern government; rule of law; theory of separation of powers; the making, execution and control of public policy; and examination of the relationship between the citizen and the state in terms of duties, obligations and responsibilities to each other, political discourse and practice as these affect obligation, freedom, loyalty and patriotism. INTS 165: Statistics for Political Science (2 Units: LH 30) The course will introduce the nature of statistics, statistical inquiries, forms and design, the role of statistics and basic concepts in statistics. COSC 101: Introduction to Computer (2 Units: LH 30) History and development of computer technology;

loyalty and patriotism. INTS 165: Statistics for Political Science (2 Units: LH 30) The course will introduce the nature of statistics, statistical inquiries, forms and design, the role of statistics and basic concepts in statistics. COSC 101: Introduction to Computer (2 Units: LH 30) History and development of computer technology; the why and how of computers; computer types; analogue; digital and hybrid; central preparation equipment; key punch, sorter etc; data central preparation equipment. Topics will include transmission; nature, speed and error detection, data capture and validation including error detection, system analysis and design; the programming process; problem definition, flow charting and decision table. FRNC 111: Introduction to French for International Studies (2 Units: LH 30) In this course, students will be acquainted to basic sound patterns of French and rudiments of French Grammar starting 52 with “presentatifs” one-word structure, three-word structure etc. deictics, vocative, etc. Primary grammatical participants in the sentence FRNC 113: Conversational French Practice for International Studies (2 Units: LH 30) Students will be exposed to first attempts to acquired oral French for social interaction in francophone community. This is preparatory to laboratory exercises. B) Second Semester POLS 102: Introduction to African Politics (2 Units: LH 30) The origins, nature and problems of African Politics; problems of colonialism, neo-colonialism and apartheid; Succession to power, military rule etc; Africa’s lingering dependence on the former metropolis, and Africa in International Politics. INTS 102: Evolution of the Contemporary International System (2 Units: LH 30) The evolution of the contemporary international system from 1648 up to the end of the Second World War; particular emphasis on the European International System and factors which led to the globalization of that system by the end of 1945. INTS 106 Introduction to Management (2 Units: LH 30) Basic concepts in management; management principles; functions of

from 1648 up to the end of the Second World War; particular emphasis on the European International System and factors which led to the globalization of that system by the end of 1945. INTS 106 Introduction to Management (2 Units: LH 30) Basic concepts in management; management principles; functions of the manager; planning and organization; span of control, departmentalization, line and staff authority; staffing; selection of managers; appraisal of managers; development and training of managers; direction and leading; motivation; leadership, communication, controlling, the system and process of controlling special control techniques; recent development of control process; the Nigeria environment problems; transferability of the management system. 53 POLS 112: The Citizen and the State (2 Units: LH 30) The course exposes students to the origin, concept and theories of state and society. The relationship between the citizens and the state in terms of the duties and obligation of the citizen to the state and responsibility of the state to the citizens. The nature of relations (strained and cooperative) and the processes of reconciliation, political obligation, basis of freedom, loyalty, patriotism and patriotism. GEOG 106: Environmental Science (2 Units: LH 30) Energy systems in the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. Current environmental issues, including air pollution and other natural hazards; erosion, drought, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods etc. POLS 102: Introduction to Research and Knowledge Acquisition (2 Units: LH 30) The course introduced students to the fundamentals of research. Students will be exposed to the logics of reasoning, scientific inquiry, research design, meaning of political inquiry, the objectives, importance and problems of doing research in Nigeria. The types of research (historical, ex-post factor, applied, evolutionary, comparative and descriptive). The primary and secondary sources data, Sample and sampling techniques of doing research. Population of a study, targeted population and sample population among others. FRNC 122:

political inquiry, the objectives, importance and problems of doing research in Nigeria. The types of research (historical, ex-post factor, applied, evolutionary, comparative and descriptive). The primary and secondary sources data, Sample and sampling techniques of doing research. Population of a study, targeted population and sample population among others. FRNC 122: Rudiment of French for International Studies (2 Units: LH 30) Students will learn simple verbs and structure. The French sentences and basic vocabulary development. FRNC 114: Conversational Practice for International Studies (2 Units: LH 30) The course exposes students to first laboratory exercise such as sound reception and integration, and reproduction such as sentence structure and basic vocabulary. 54 200 Level Courses A) First Semester INTS 206: Introduction to International Relations (2 Units: LH 30) The course introduces students to the field of International Relation as an academic discipline. It equipped students with the meaning and scope of International Relations and how human race can survive and develop through complex relationship among actors in the international environment. Students are expected to be acquainted with the workings of international politics, interaction between nation-states, foreign policy as well as distinction between International Relations, International System and International Politics. POLS 201: Nigerian Government and Politics I (2 Units: LH 30) The course surveys the approaches to the study of Nigerian government and politics as well as the basic features of pre- colonial systems of government from the annexation of Lagos to conquest of kingdoms and entities as well as the military punitive expedition of the today’s current eastern part of Nigeria. INTS 207: New States in World Politics (2 Units: LH 30) The collapse of imperial rule in Asian and African countries, forms of government in the new states, their main preoccupations, their role in international order; U.N., international law, international military order,

of the today’s current eastern part of Nigeria. INTS 207: New States in World Politics (2 Units: LH 30) The collapse of imperial rule in Asian and African countries, forms of government in the new states, their main preoccupations, their role in international order; U.N., international law, international military order, international economic order, international morality; their role as producers or consumers of international order, the contemporary new statehood, neutralism and nonalignment, imperialism and neo- colonialism. 55 INTS 211 Elements of Contemporary Global Studies (2 Units: LH 30) The course will focus on issues of Contemporary global interest such as Globalisation, terrorism, Weapons of Mass Destruction, Environmental Degradation, HIV/AIDS, Malaria etc. POL 205: Political Ideas (2 Units: LH 30) Political ideas and ideology are phenomena that shape individuals and groups politically, socially, economically and even religiously. Thus, introduction to major political ideas in their historical context is the thrust of this course. Emphasis should be placed on concepts like Monarchism, Liberalism, Democracy, Socialism, Fascism and Anarchism among others. INTS 213: Introduction to Regional Integration and Comparative Regional Integration (2 Units: LH 30) Regional integration in academics is an area through which scholar sought to explain patterns of interstate cooperation and corresponding socio-economic benefits. As such the course clarifies the basic concepts and approaches used in regional integration and also outlined the necessity for integration. Again, theoretical issues on regional integration and the level of regional integration are explores with relevant examples such as EU, ECOWAS AU etc. Exploration of what regional integration is all about and how Africa has fared as a regional entity. Students will be exposed to the contextualization of regional politics among the blocs of African continent and other sub- regional organizations such as ECOWAS, SADC and EAC and other classical regional bodies such as EU and OAS.

integration is all about and how Africa has fared as a regional entity. Students will be exposed to the contextualization of regional politics among the blocs of African continent and other sub- regional organizations such as ECOWAS, SADC and EAC and other classical regional bodies such as EU and OAS. POLS 210: Introduction to Comparative Politics (2 Units: LH 30) In this course students are expected to be acquainted with the method and logic of comparative political analysis. Therefore, the principles, basic concepts, comparism of contemporary political system, institutions, ideologies, levels of development 56 over a period of time etc. will be exposed. Guided by the principles of comparative political analysis students will be taught how to compare current events in world politics across diverse issue such as: types of government, systems of government, gender, democracies, civil society, globalization etc. FRNC 213: French Language for International Studies (2 Units: LH 30) Students will be subjected to serious conversational exercises with topic bearing on themselves, their environment and their immediate community. FRNC 215: Oral Practice for International Studies (2 Units: LH 30) Students will be subjected to serious conversational exercises with topic bearing on themselves, their environment and their immediate community. B) Second Semester POLS 202: Nigerian Government and Politics II (2 Units: LH 30) This course further exposes students to the approaches, dynamics and nature of Nigerian government and politics from 1960 as well as the basic features of the post-independence systems of government. The students are to be acquainted with analytical prowess of major event and development of the Nigerian federal structure which has continue to shape the country. INTS 202: Structure of International System (2 Units: LH 30) The major historical, intellectual and sociological developments which have shaped relations between nations, particularly the industrial and technological revolution; the

with analytical prowess of major event and development of the Nigerian federal structure which has continue to shape the country. INTS 202: Structure of International System (2 Units: LH 30) The major historical, intellectual and sociological developments which have shaped relations between nations, particularly the industrial and technological revolution; the spread of 57 nationalism, the breakup of the European empires and the rise of the superpowers. POL 203: Introduction to Political Analysis (2 Units: LH 30) The study of this course introduces students to the definition, description and explanation of political phenomenon. Therefore, students are expected to be acquainted with basic concepts and nature of politics, political systems and the structure of government, political representation; institutions of different regimes, political efficiency, citizen participation, political culture and socialization. They are also exposed to theories such as the system theory etc. This will equip students with the intellectual capacity for analysing political phenomenon in real world issues. POLS 204: Foundations of Political Economy (2 Units: LH 30) Relationship between politics and economics; economics and determinants of politics with emphasis on the material basis of political actions. FRNC 212: French Language for International Studies II (2 Units: LH 30) The focus of this course will be on Essay Writing, Translation, more-than-simple grammatical structure, useful vocabulary for daily use. In addition, Irregular expression will be studied. FRNC 214: Oral Practice for International Studies II (2 Units: LH 30) The course will involve discussions on academic topics of immediate relevance separately, and on society and people. 58 300 Level Courses A) First Semester INT 301: International Economic Relations I (2 Units: LH 30) The economic basis of some of the actions and reactions in international politics, international trade; commercial policy; capital movement etc; role of IMF; World Bank and other monetary agencies; multi-national enterprises; customs

people. 58 300 Level Courses A) First Semester INT 301: International Economic Relations I (2 Units: LH 30) The economic basis of some of the actions and reactions in international politics, international trade; commercial policy; capital movement etc; role of IMF; World Bank and other monetary agencies; multi-national enterprises; customs unions, and currency areas. INTS 303: The International Political System (2 Units: LH 30) The emergence and organization of the modern international system; the political processes in the international community and contemporary thought on state activity; the external needs of states and goals of states activity; the means of exerting pressures, and the forms of political relationships between states; the dynamic aspects, revolutionary movements; the external projection of political values, and the changing distribution of power and leadership; war as a contingency in international life; mechanisms for maintaining International Order. POLS 307: Research Methods (2 Units: LH 30) An examination of the boundary of political studies; the various modes of political analysis with emphasis on scientific methods; the logic and language of inquiry; the problems of political evaluation and the sources of data with emphasis on survey, questionnaire construction, statistical association, scaling and content analysis together with the reporting of results. 59 INTS 307 International Politics in the Post-Cold War Era (2 Units: LH 30) The end of the Cold War and its effects on the international system; the collapse of communism and disintegration of alliance systems; the democratic fever in the Third World and Eastern Europe; the UN and the challenges of peace-keeping and peace-making’; options and tendencies in the emerging world; Africa and the problems of marginality. INTS 309 Field Trip (2 Units: LH 30) Visits and attachment to selected international institutions, ministries, diplomatic missions and other agencies relevant to the study and practical aspects of diplomacy; written

the challenges of peace-keeping and peace-making’; options and tendencies in the emerging world; Africa and the problems of marginality. INTS 309 Field Trip (2 Units: LH 30) Visits and attachment to selected international institutions, ministries, diplomatic missions and other agencies relevant to the study and practical aspects of diplomacy; written reports at the conclusion of the attachment. POLS 311: Globalization and the Developing World (2 Units: LH 30) The course seeks to acquaint students with a survey of the idea of globalization and its implications on development across the regions of the world particularly its adverse effect on the developing countries. Gains and pains of globalization to Africa and Nigeria in particular with emphasis on remedies or way forward. POLS 321: Theory and Practice of Administration (2 Units: LH 30) Evolution of administrative organization theory from the classical through the neo-classical to the modern; relation of administration to politics and the political process; administrative behaviour in various international settings; interplay of political institutions and administrative patterns of political institutions and administrative patterns of behaviour; study of personnel administration, decision-making in bureaucratic organizations 60 FRNC 321: French for International Studies (2 Units: LH 30) Reading of texts on diplomacy, simple correspondence, translation. Students will be made to study relevant texts. They will also write a lot of composition. B) Second Semester INTS 304: Law of Nations and Diplomacy (2 Units: LH 30) The course will examine the foundations of international law; problems of formation, changes and modern trends. The meaning and historical development of diplomacy; the contribution of individuals to the development of diplomacy; tasks of diplomacy and diplomatic protocol and rules of courtesy; diplomacy and intelligence; acceptance of peaceful methods; mediation, conciliation and good offices. POLS 304: Public Policy Analysis (2 Units: LH 30) The course is designed to teach

historical development of diplomacy; the contribution of individuals to the development of diplomacy; tasks of diplomacy and diplomatic protocol and rules of courtesy; diplomacy and intelligence; acceptance of peaceful methods; mediation, conciliation and good offices. POLS 304: Public Policy Analysis (2 Units: LH 30) The course is designed to teach students the concepts and approaches involve in the formulation of public policy in general and it applicability in Nigeria. Thus, students will be expose to the various stages of policy making or policy circle as well as the theories of public policy such as incremental theory, system theory and decision-making theory. Furthermore, they also learn how to analyse public policies using different theories or models. POLS 302: Political Data Analysis (2 Units: LH 30) In this course, students are taught practical ways of applying the methods and approaches of political inquiry. They will be acquainted with how to identify and choose a research topic and the steps that should be followed in conducting research such as: introduction, statement of problem, research questions, etc. Other areas of concern are: referencing styles, qualitative research, quantitative research, methods of data analysis and the organization of research. 61 INTS 310: Theories of International Relations (2 Units: LH 30) An examination of the following basic concepts and theories: Power, Conflict and Accommodation, Systems’ Theory; Linkage Politics; the Theory of Coalitions and Alliances; Games and Simulation. INTS 308: Foreign Policy Analysis (2 Units: LH30) Nature of foreign policy as an activity; purposes, aims and determinants of foreign policy; internal and external pressures; decision-making in foreign policy; different theories and categories which may be employed. Some selected cases, the American decision to go to war in Korea in 1950; the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962; the British decision to join the EEC 1961-1970; the French decision to

foreign policy; internal and external pressures; decision-making in foreign policy; different theories and categories which may be employed. Some selected cases, the American decision to go to war in Korea in 1950; the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962; the British decision to join the EEC 1961-1970; the French decision to withdraw from the integrated NATO Command Structure in 1966; Israel decision to go to war in June 1967. POLS 326: History of Political Thought (2 Units: LH 30) A general survey of Classical and Medieval thought up to the fifteenth century with a focus on individual thinkers; pre- occupations of political thought; the language and methods of political analysis. A critical analysis of post 17th century normative political thought with emphasis on liberal democratic traditions; Marxism-Leninism and the thoughts of people like Fanon, Senghor, Nkrumah etc. FRNC 322: French for International Studies II (2 Units: LH 30) The focus of this course is to exposed students to texts on diplomacy, simple correspondence, translation and general texts. 62 400 Level Courses A) First Semester INTS 401: Nigerian Foreign Policy (2 Units: LH 30) Basic principles underlying Nigeria’s foreign policy; Nigeria’s role in Africa, her relations with the Great Powers, and her role in the UN; and the Commonwealth, ECOWAS etc. Major factors, internal and external, shaping the foreign policy of Nigeria; the role of political parties, the press, parliament, public opinion in formulation of policy, the role of the foreign service, and Federal Executive Council in the foreign policy process; presidential system and Nigerian foreign policy under the Second Republic; the role of the Executive office of the President etc. Selected cases; decisions to abrogate the Anglo- Nigerian Defence Pact 1962; the decision to break diplomatic relations with Israel in October 1973; the decision to recognize the MPLA government in November

system and Nigerian foreign policy under the Second Republic; the role of the Executive office of the President etc. Selected cases; decisions to abrogate the Anglo- Nigerian Defence Pact 1962; the decision to break diplomatic relations with Israel in October 1973; the decision to recognize the MPLA government in November 1975; policy towards Southern Africa. INTS 403: Fundamental Human Rights (2 Units: LH 30) The course will study of the nature of human rights; an evaluation of contemporary experience and institutions in protecting and reinforcing such rights both nationally and internationally. INTS 405 Foreign Policies of the Powers (2 Units: LH 30) Theories of international relations, foreign policies of different power blocks, foreign policies during the cold war, foreign policies in the post-war period; foreign policies of key countries such as USA, Britain, Japan since the end of the cold war; foreign policies of Nigeria, Ghana, South Africa and other African countries 63 INTS 407: Race, Religion and Ethnicity in International Relations (2 Units: LH 30) The course will focus on politics of race and ethnic nationalism, their impact on inter-state relations; patterns of conflict management strategies, materials to be drawn from Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas e.g. role of Jewish League in the U.S.A. and the concept of overseas Africans and African foreign policy. INTS 409: The International Politics of Mass Communication (2 Units: LH 30) The politics and manipulative nature of international communication focusing on the role of technology, ideology, culture, economy and international market on the international flow of news among nations; examination of the role of communication in development. POLS 405: Third World and Dependency (2 Units: LH 30) Students will be equipped with the knowledge of modernization/development school and contemporary third world politico-social structure. Criticisms of the modernization/development school. The dependency/underdevelopment approach to the

international flow of news among nations; examination of the role of communication in development. POLS 405: Third World and Dependency (2 Units: LH 30) Students will be equipped with the knowledge of modernization/development school and contemporary third world politico-social structure. Criticisms of the modernization/development school. The dependency/underdevelopment approach to the understanding of contemporary third world political and social structure. Criticisms of the dependency/underdevelopment school. The modes of production school. Capitalist penetration of the Third World nations, under the dominance of merchant capital. Capitalist penetration of the Third World nations (especially African, Asian and Latin American) under the dominance of capital export. Debt system and global recession. 64 INTS 411: International Politics of Africa (2 Units: LH 30) An investigation into the relationships between Africa, and the Great Powers Africa and International Organizations. FRNC 431: French for International Studies (Advanced) (2 Units: LH 30) The final year students of International Studies will be taught to write reports, summaries, dialogues and advanced correspondence. B) Second Semester POLS 400: Research Project (6 Units) An investigation and report on a topic in International Relations selected with the approval of Head of the Department and supervised by an appointed member of staff. INTS 404: Contemporary Strategic Studies (2 Units: LH 30) Contemporary strategic concepts; Brinkmanship; Containment; Massive Retaliation, Flexible and Gradual Response; Deterrence, Saturation etc; The evolution of strategic and military policy since 1945 with special reference to the U.S., the Soviet Union, Western Europe and China. The course will also examination of developments in weapons technology since the Second World War and their impact on the U.S.A., U.S.S.R, and Western Europe. Perestroika, Glasnost; strategic thinking in the post-Cold War period. INTS 406: International Institutions (2 Units: LH 30) The origins of international institutions; writings on international institutions; failure of the League of Nations; the

weapons technology since the Second World War and their impact on the U.S.A., U.S.S.R, and Western Europe. Perestroika, Glasnost; strategic thinking in the post-Cold War period. INTS 406: International Institutions (2 Units: LH 30) The origins of international institutions; writings on international institutions; failure of the League of Nations; the various peace conferences before the establishment of the United Nations; the origins of the U.N; Charter; the various organs and its agencies; the changing emphasis of its role in the 60s to the present time; Regional Institutions; OAU, ECOWAS, etc. 65 INTS 408: Technology, Ecology and Environmental Issues in International Relations (2 Units: LH 30) The role of Geography and physical environment in International Relations; linkages between science/technology and World Politics; international politics; international politics of population, global ecological changes; environmental pollution, land use; famine etc; transitions from international to planetary politics; the challenges of disaster management in this context and response of public policy decision makers. FRNC 430: French for International Studies II (2 Units: LH 30) The course teaches students advanced correspondence and advanced translation of relevant texts and essays on practical situation, dialogue, etc. 3.7.4 Duration of Studies for B. Sc. International Studies i. The undergraduate degree programme is purely a full time programme and it will run for a minimum of four years or four academic sessions of two semesters per session and a maximum of six academic sessions. ii. While direct entry candidates will spend a minimum of three years or three academic sessions of two semesters per session and a maximum of five academic sessions. iii. However, following the flexibility of the DLC programmes, student can graduate earlier than the periods stated above based on the flexibility of ABU DLC mode of delivery. 3.7.5 Course Credit System i. The Centre runs a Course Credit

two semesters per session and a maximum of five academic sessions. iii. However, following the flexibility of the DLC programmes, student can graduate earlier than the periods stated above based on the flexibility of ABU DLC mode of delivery. 3.7.5 Course Credit System i. The Centre runs a Course Credit System (CCS) in which courses are weighted according to credit units. ii. For this programme, the CCS classes are graded into 100- 400 levels 66 iii. The programme runs the CCS on Semester basis. Thus, a 4-year degree programme requires a minimum of 8 semester, while a 5-year degree programme requires a minimum of 10 semester 3.7.6 Graduation Requirements For a student or a candidate to qualify for an award of Bachelor of Science degree (B.Sc) International Studies, he/she must have: i) Obtained or earned at least 120 credit units in the four-year degree for students admitted through UTME/JAMB. Or 90 credit units in the 3-year degree programme for students admitted through the direct entry. ii) Passed all prescribed core courses/general/or cognate and taken the required electives where necessary. iii) Must run the degree programme for a minimum of four (4) years or four (4) academic sessions of two (2) semesters per session and a maximum of six (6) academic sessions for UTMEJAMBE candidates. iv) While direct entry candidates will spend a minimum of three (3) years or three (3) academic sessions of two (2) semesters per session and a maximum of five (2) academic sessions. v) Must not have a case with ERIC vi) Minimum CGPA for graduation: 1: 00 3.8 EXAMINATION RESULT 3.8.1 Students Academic Evaluation/Compilation of CGPE The University evaluates the students on the basis of cumulative performance as follows: i. In the first case, each course is evaluated based on a Grade Point Average (GPA) scoring

a case with ERIC vi) Minimum CGPA for graduation: 1: 00 3.8 EXAMINATION RESULT 3.8.1 Students Academic Evaluation/Compilation of CGPE The University evaluates the students on the basis of cumulative performance as follows: i. In the first case, each course is evaluated based on a Grade Point Average (GPA) scoring system from A, B, 67 C, D, E and F which are equivalent to 5, 3, 2, 1 and 0 grade point (GP). ii. Therefore, the minimum pass mark is 40% or GP of 1.00. Hence, a minimum of CGPA of 1.00 is required for graduation. iii. In order to obtain an overall pass in the examinations in any year of study, a student is required to maintain a CGPA of at least 1.00 to be in good academic standing, a student whose cumulative GPA falls below 1.00 at the end of any year of study shall be placed on “probation”. How Grade Points are computed is indicated below. Mark Range % Grade Credit/Grade Point 70-100 A 5 60-69 B 4 50-59 C 3 45-49 D 2 40-44 E 1 00-39 F 0 The following defined abbreviations are very important: CUR (Credit Units Registered) = Sum of credit units of all the courses registered in a semester. CUE (Credit Unit Earned) = Sum of credit units of all courses passed in a semester. TCUR (Total Credit Units Registered) = Sum of credit units of all courses registered from the first year of the programme to a particular semester under consideration. 68 TCUE (Total Credit Units Earned) = The sum of credit units of all the courses passed from the first year of the programme to a particular semester under consideration. WGP (Weighted Grade Point) = The product of the grade point in a semester multiplied by the number of credit

68 TCUE (Total Credit Units Earned) = The sum of credit units of all the courses passed from the first year of the programme to a particular semester under consideration. WGP (Weighted Grade Point) = The product of the grade point in a semester multiplied by the number of credit units. GPA (Grade Point Average) = Credit points divided by credit units earned in a semester. CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average) = Total weighted point scored divided by the TCUR 3.9 CLASSIFICATION OF DEGREE Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) CLASS 4.50-5.0 First Class 4.49-3.50 Second Class (Upper Division) 3.49-2.40 Second Class (Lower Division) 2.39-1.50 Third Class 1.49-1.00 Pass Degree Below 1.00 Fail 69 APPENDIX 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PREAMBLE The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. 1.2 DLC LAW AND STATUTE The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR DLC EXAMINATION POLICY 1. The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by

this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR DLC EXAMINATION POLICY 1. The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. 70 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations shall be supervised examinations as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 NIGERIAN STUDENTS Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic 71 Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing

shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic 71 Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identifications hall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 72 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. 4.0 ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as

institutions. 72 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. 4.0 ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three (3) semesters in every session. 4. Examination timelines: a) All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e-tutors within four weeks of the semester. b) All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c) All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d) A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the 73 CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board

the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. 74 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than

be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour after the examination has started shall not be allowed to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 75 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the

examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. 76 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to

duly apply for such deferment 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. 77 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESISMANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, 78 mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that

restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, 78 mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination 79 v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 OFFENCE BY STUDENTS (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: i. Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination ii. Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. iii. Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which

Oath: i. Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination ii. Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. iii. Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. iv. Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. v. Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. vi. Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. vii. Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. viii. Willful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. 80 ix. Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. x. Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session i. Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) ii. Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. iii. Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) iv. If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. v. Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. vi. Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations vii. Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect

invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations vii. Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. 81 11.2 OFFENCES INVOLVING STAFF 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. 2. Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. 5. Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Scripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Scripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) i DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria. STUDENT HANDBOOK B.Sc. POLITICAL SCIENCE ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) ii © 2023 Distance Learning Centre, ABU Zaria, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the Director, Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. First published 2018 Published and Printed by Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tel: 08065949711 abupress@abu.edu.ng info@abupress.com.ng Website: www.abupress.com.ng ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) iii FORWORD Whereas the Distance Learning Centre Prospectus covers all aspects of the Distance Learning delivery in Ahmadu Bello University, the DLC B.Sc. Political Science Student Handbook is designed to give you an overview of the B.Sc. Political Science by Distance Learning in the Ahmadu Bello University. A Handbook of this nature is a must read for you. It provides useful information on the nature, orientation and scope of the B.Sc. Political Science programme as well as highlights the uniqueness of this delivery modality. As you opt for the distance learning mode to acquire a Bachelor of Science degree in Political Science, we shall strive to make your learning experience a memorable one. I urge you to commit, discipline and submit yourself to the demand of distance education. This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again, I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning

to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again, I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) iv CONTENTS CONTENTS Copyright page ... ... ... ... ... ii Foreword ... ... ... ... ... ... iii Contents ... ... ... ... ... … iv PART 1: General Information ... ... ... 1 1.1 Principal Officers of the University ... ... 3 1.2 Visitor, Principal Officers, Deans and Directors 4 1.4 Historical Perspective ... ... ... ... 7 1.5 University Administration ... ... ... 11 1.6 Faculties, Institutes, Centres and Schools ... 12 PART 2 Distance Learning Centre ... ... ... 14 2.1 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 15 2.2 Distance Learning Centre Academic Calendar 19 2.3 Deployment of Distance Learning Programmes 20 2.4 Studying as a Distance Learner ... ... 24 2.5 Waiver and Deferment Guidelines ... ... 35 PART 3: Postgraduate Diploma Management (PGDM) 41 3.1 Overview ... ... ... ... ... 42 3.2 Objectives of the Programme ... ... … 43 3.3 Admission Requirements ... ... ... 44 3.4 Registration ... ... ... ... ... 44 3.5 Matriculation ... ... ... ... ... 45 3.6 Complaints and Counselling ... ... ... 45 3.7 Course Structure and Requirements for Graduation 46 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 64 1.0 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 64 1.1 Preamble ... ... ... ... ... 64 1.2 DLC Law and Statute ... ... ... 64 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc.

... ... 45 3.7 Course Structure and Requirements for Graduation 46 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 64 1.0 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 64 1.1 Preamble ... ... ... ... ... 64 1.2 DLC Law and Statute ... ... ... 64 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) v 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy ... 64 2.0 Examination Venues ... ... ... ... 64 2.1 Nigerian Students ... ... ... ... 65 2.2 International Students ... ... ... 65 3.0 Preparation for Examinations ... ... ... 65 4.0 Administering Examinations ... ... ... 66 5.0 Appointment of External/Internal Moderators/Examiners 68 6.0 General Examination Regulations, ... ... 68 7.0 Consequences for Failing to Write Examinations 70 8.0 Academic Monitoring/Quality Assurance ... 71 9.0 Research Work and Project, Dissertation and Thesis Management ... ... ... 71 10.0 Duties of Invigilators ... ... ... ... 71 11.0 Examination Malpractice ... ... ... 72 12.0 Sanctions ... ... ... ... ... 73 12.1 Offence by Students ... ... ... ... 73 12.2 Offences Involving Staff ... ... ... 74 13.0 Management of Examination Results ... 74 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) 1 PART 1 GENERAL INFORMATION ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) 2 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) 3 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Malam Adamu Fika, CFR Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Danladi A. Ameh Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman

CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Malam Adamu Fika, CFR Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Danladi A. Ameh Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) 4 1.2 VISITOR, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEANS AND DIRECTORS Visitor: Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vic- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) 5 Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of

Ishiyaku ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) 5 Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar Farouq Yaya Director, Directorate of University Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) 6 Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of

Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law: Dr. Salim Bashir Magashi Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) 7 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the

foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded in Samaru, Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) 8 As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institution has since inception been under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (1975-1978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi

and application of these technologies. The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institution has since inception been under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (1975-1978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (1986-1991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991-1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004-2009), Professor Abdullahi Mustapha (2009-2015), Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Prof.essor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental re- organisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) 9 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is

to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) 10 Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University

of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) 11 “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in- Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) 12 The

by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) 12 The University Senate building 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) 13 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN

for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) 14 PART II Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) 15 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with

due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional income by ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) 16 means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission

Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) 17 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and e-Learning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) 18 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre

Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Political Science) 18 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. 19 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferments ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 20 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes

1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferments ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 20 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. International Studies, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 21 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of

Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 22 The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended

Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of relevant Discussion questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 23 iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of

Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 24 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student-student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common room. The Liaison Offices shall be administered by an Administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on

South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 25 your own and in your own spare time. You will be working through specially prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills that would assist you in studying independently. A. Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient

listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 26 Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to read between the lines and beyond the lines; 5. You must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must

read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write well by imitating good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 27 iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are reading. Therefore, you need the skill of note taking and note making. When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; 3. be consistent in note taking; 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You

home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will make study more appropriate and effective such as: 1. Pen ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 28 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while you are studying because notes may not be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 29 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can

important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 29 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing, drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. i. Start early To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact your first day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 30 iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand-outs or textbooks. You need to learn

the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 30 iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand-outs or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials to learn for examinations. v. Revise Revise for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc

how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 31 examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You are learning the facts for the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. E. Studying Essay-Type Examination

as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 32 Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not

Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 33 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well- focused conclusion. 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. How to Study for

short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 34 under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. i. Read and fully understand the examination regulations ii.. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very

wish to consider on the examination day. i. Read and fully understand the examination regulations ii.. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 35 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment Application is abudlc.edu.ng. 2.

applicant. *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment Application is abudlc.edu.ng. 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 36 B. Examination deferment: application must be made at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session. 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. - You are at liberty to join us

of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester – whichever is more convenient for you. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 37 - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate

are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 38 - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your

online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e- tutors shall be made available to you. - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 39 - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing

This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 40 - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 41 PART III B.Sc. Political Science ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 42 3.1 OVERVIEW The Distance Learning Centre (DLC) has established academic requirements that apply to all students working towards a first degree in Political Science that are consistent with the standards set by the National

Political Science) 41 PART III B.Sc. Political Science ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 42 3.1 OVERVIEW The Distance Learning Centre (DLC) has established academic requirements that apply to all students working towards a first degree in Political Science that are consistent with the standards set by the National University Commission (NUC). These requirements reflect the Centre’s commitment to a broad-based quality education. The main components of the Distance Learning B.Sc. Political Science programme are: (a) Core Curricular; in which students concentrate their studies and receive degrees. (b) Electives; which permit students to take courses of their own choice in consultation with their academic advisors. (c) General Studies; which acquaint students with the foundation of general education in science, social sciences and humanities, as well as inculcating in the undergraduate students the essence of nationalism and morality. The BSc. Political Science programme runs for a three year and a four year period leading to the awarded of the Bachelor of Science Degree in Political Science. The three year program lasts for a minimum of six semesters and a maximum of ten semesters, and admits direct entry candidates to the 200 level. Candidates admitted into the four year program start from the 100 level. The program lasts for a minimum of eight semesters and a maximum of twelve semesters. The Political Science undergraduate degree prepares students for careers in the public and private sector, including public administration and policy, public affairs, administration of justice, business, social work, and journalism. In addition, the Political Science major provides significant programmatic and academic flexibility for students who have not made a career choice and are primarily looking for an excellent liberal arts education. The primary mission of the Department is to provide students an excellent undergraduate education through an online ABU DLC Student

addition, the Political Science major provides significant programmatic and academic flexibility for students who have not made a career choice and are primarily looking for an excellent liberal arts education. The primary mission of the Department is to provide students an excellent undergraduate education through an online ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 43 program that includes formal courses and simulations, research opportunities, academic and career counseling, internships, and community service. The Department’s curriculum is designed to help students acquire a systematic understanding of Political Science and practical political processes in preparation for a variety of graduate and professional school and career options. The Department’s instructional focus includes various dimensions of Political Science, including elements of national, state and local government, unique political challenges and opportunities facing the African, American, European communities, political factors shaping domestic and international developments, and insights into comparative political systems. At Degree level distance learning usually means students engaging with learning materials at home and at work. These materials are sent directly to the students or more usually today accessed via the internet. Tutorial support is provided via virtual learning environment, email, telephone, or other electronic means. There may be occasional face to face encounters with tutors at week long summer schools if need arises. 3.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME The B.Sc. degree in Political Science is aimed at a) Providing the students with knowledge required for analyzing public policies and its implications. b) Equipping students with knowledge and skills to enable them to function effectively in any organization. c) Producing students who are capable of applying appropriate Political Science Theories and principles to solve public problems. d) Producing political analysts who are equipped with relevant ICT knowledge and skills - irrespective of gender, race, location and in flexible manner. ABU DLC Student Handbook

function effectively in any organization. c) Producing students who are capable of applying appropriate Political Science Theories and principles to solve public problems. d) Producing political analysts who are equipped with relevant ICT knowledge and skills - irrespective of gender, race, location and in flexible manner. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 44 The electives at 100 and 200 levels are designed to enable students acquire a liberal education and to broaden the intellectual base of the student. The general studies acquaint students with the foundation of general education in the sciences, social sciences and humanities as well as inculcating in the undergraduate students the essence of nationalism and morality. 3.3 ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS General Entry Requirements State clearly the admission requirements for the proposed programme. It must meet the general minimum admission requirement for degree programmes. All candidates to be admitted into the B.Sc. degree in Political Science programme must possess five (5) O’level credits in English Language, Mathematics, Economics, Government/ History and any other two (2) credits in social sciences or Art subject in the SSCE, WASC, NECO, NABTEB at not more than two (2) sittings. Such as Civic Education, Geography, Literature in English, etc. At UTME level, candidates must write Government, Economic or History, English language and any other social sciences or art subject. The ‘A’ Level subject for Direct Entry candidates must include Government/History and Economics. 3.4 REGISTRATION Registration of students who are offered provisional admission into the DLC is conducted in a central location and lasts for two to three weeks. At the venue of the registration exercise, the registration officer will check and ensure that an applicant’s name is on the admission list before asking the candidate to show his/her original copies of the following documents: ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 45

lasts for two to three weeks. At the venue of the registration exercise, the registration officer will check and ensure that an applicant’s name is on the admission list before asking the candidate to show his/her original copies of the following documents: ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 45 (a) Academic certificates (SSCE O/Level, A/level, UME scores, etc.) to confirm that the student fulfils the admission requirements. (b) Local Government Area of origin declaration (c) Valid travelling documents and Residence permit (if a foreign student) (d) Birth Certificate or Sworn Declaration of Age If they have ascertained that the credentials are satisfactory, the registration officer will issue registration forms and files to the new student. Certain of forms having been completed by the student, the student will be given a registration number which together with the students profile will be forwarded to the Management Information Unit of the Centre for uploading unto the Student’s Management System as well as the Centre’s database. Once the uploading has been done successfully, the new student will proceed to the payment of registration fees and the online course registration. The student can also proceed to request for his/her identification card using the online payment receipt obtained from the bank into which the registration fees were paid. 3.5 MATRICULATION All students admitted into the Distance Learning Centre for the first time (100 or 200 level) are required to matriculate just as their on campus counterparts. The students matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice-Chancellor and the Director of the Distance Learning Centre. The Director shall clearly spell out the core values, in terms of the mission and vision of the DLC to the students. 3.6 COMPLAINTS AND COUNSELLING The complaints and counselling committee shall assist students with both academic and personal

by the Vice-Chancellor and the Director of the Distance Learning Centre. The Director shall clearly spell out the core values, in terms of the mission and vision of the DLC to the students. 3.6 COMPLAINTS AND COUNSELLING The complaints and counselling committee shall assist students with both academic and personal matters where possible. The guidance and counselling unit assist students with issues ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 46 relating to registration, examination, general academic issues and personal matters as well. 3.7 COURSE STRUCTURE AND REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATION i. Course Structure The undergraduate program has five main elements (a) Core courses; (b) Project-six credit units in final year; (c) Electives from within the program and other programs from the unit (d) General courses. (e) Foundational courses Table 1 below shows the core courses, electives and the minimum and maximum credit requirements for promotion at each level and graduation. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 47 TABLE 1: Course Structure (Core Courses, Electives and Requirements for promotion and graduation) 3.0 Curriculum for B.Sc. Degree in Political Science Courses for Political Science 3.1 100 Level First Semester Course Code Course Title C U Status POLS 101 Introduction to Political Science 2 (Core) STATS 165 Statistics for Political Science 2 (Core) POLS 109 Nigerian Indigenous Political Systems 2 (Core) INTS 101 Ancestors of Contemporary International Systems 2 (Core) COSC 101 Computer 2 (Core) SOLG 101 Introduction to Sociology I 3 (Core) GENS 101 Nationalism 1 (Core) GENS 103 English and Communication Skills 2 (Core) GENS 107 History of Philosophy of Science 1 (Elective) GENS 113 Nigerian People & Culture 2 (Core) GENS 121 Use of Library, Study Skills and ICT 2 (Core) GENS 125 Comparative Health Issue 2 (Core) C U 23 ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 48 100

Skills 2 (Core) GENS 107 History of Philosophy of Science 1 (Elective) GENS 113 Nigerian People & Culture 2 (Core) GENS 121 Use of Library, Study Skills and ICT 2 (Core) GENS 125 Comparative Health Issue 2 (Core) C U 23 ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 48 100 Level Second Semester Course Code Course Title C U Status POLS 102 Introduction to African Politics 2 (Core) POLS 110 Introduction to Research and Knowledge Acquisition 2 (Core) POLS 104 Nigerian Constitutional Development 2 (Core) SOLG 104 Introduction to Psychology 3 (Core) GEOG 106 Introduction to Environmental Science 2 (Core) POLS 112 Citizen and The State 2 (Core) POLS 108 Nigerian Legal Systems 2 (Core) GENS 112 Logic Philosophy and Human Existence 2 (Core) C U 17 Note: The total workload includes electives and the compulsory General Studies (see table 1) You are to register for a minimum of 1 elective course per semester and to borrow three credit unit from within the faculty 3.2 200 Level First Semester Course Code Course Title C U Status INTS 201 Introduction to International Relations 2 (Core) POLS 201 Nigerian Government and Politics I 2 (Core) POLS 203 Political Ideas 2 (Core) POLS 207 Introduction to Comparative Politics 2 (Core) POLS 209 Introduction to Local Government 2 (Core) GENS 201 Moral Philosophy 1 (Elective) GENS 101 Nationalism 1 (Core for D E) 12 ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 49 Departmental Electives POLS 213 Gender and Politics 3 (Elective) Total 3 200 Level Second Semester Course Code Course Title C U Status POLS 202 Nigerian Government and Politics II 2 (Core) POLS 204 Foundation of Political Economy 2 (Core) POLS 206 Introduction to Public Administration 2 (Core) POLS 208 Organisation of Government 2 (Core) POLS 210 Introduction to Political Analysis 2 (Core)

Level Second Semester Course Code Course Title C U Status POLS 202 Nigerian Government and Politics II 2 (Core) POLS 204 Foundation of Political Economy 2 (Core) POLS 206 Introduction to Public Administration 2 (Core) POLS 208 Organisation of Government 2 (Core) POLS 210 Introduction to Political Analysis 2 (Core) GENS 202 Entrepreneurship and Innovation 2 (Core) GENS 224 Leadership Skills 2 (Core) C U 14 Note: The total workload includes electives and the compulsory General Studies (see table 1) 3.3 300 Level First Semester Course Code Course Title C U Status POLS 301 History of Political Thought 3 (Core) POLS 303 Contemporary Political Analysis 2 (Core) POLS 305 Public Policy Analysis 2 (Core) POLS 307 Research Methods 2 (Core) POLS 309 Methodology of Comparative Politics 2 (Core) POLS 311 Globalization and the Developing World 2 (Core) POLS 321 Theory & Practice of Public Administration 2 (Core) GENS 301 Entrepreneurship 2 (Core) C U 17 ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 50 300 Level Second Semester Course Code Course Title C U Status POLS 302 Political Data Analysis 2 (Core) POLS 304 Political Behavior 2 (Core) POLS 306 Comparative Federalism 2 (Core) POLS 324 African Political Thought 2 (Core) POLS 326 Electoral Process and Management 2 (Core) INTS 310 Theories of International Relations 3 (Core) POLS 322 Field Experience 2 (Core) C U 15 You are to register for a minimum of 1 elective course per semester and to borrow three credit units from within the faculty 3.4 400 Level First Semester Course Code Course Title CU Status POLS 401 Civil Military Relations 3 (Core) POLS 403 Development Administration 3 (Core) POLS 405 Third World and Dependency 3 (Core) POLS 407 Public Finance Administration 2 (Core) INTS 401 Nigerian Foreign Policy 2 (Core) POLS 423 Peace Studies 2 (Core)

Level First Semester Course Code Course Title CU Status POLS 401 Civil Military Relations 3 (Core) POLS 403 Development Administration 3 (Core) POLS 405 Third World and Dependency 3 (Core) POLS 407 Public Finance Administration 2 (Core) INTS 401 Nigerian Foreign Policy 2 (Core) POLS 423 Peace Studies 2 (Core) C U 15 400 Level Second Semester Course Code Course Title CU Status POLS 402 Politics and Law in Africa 3 (Core) POLS 406 Nigerian Local Government 3 (Core) POLS 404 State and Economy 3 (Core) POLS 400 Research Project 6 (Core) C U 15 ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 51 Take a minimum of 24 credit units and a maximum of 42 credit units per session. A total of 120 credit units are required for a 4- year programme and 90 credit units for a 3-yr programme before graduation. NOTE: C = Compulsory E = Elective R = Required LH = Lecture Hours per semester PH = Practical Hours per semester SSC = Foundation courses for programmes in the Social Sciences GST = General Studies Courses offered at the University Level for students registered in all the disciplines in the university. Course Synopses 100 Level Courses POLS 101: Introduction to Political Science (2 Units) This course introduces students to the nature of politics and how it is played. It emphasizes the issues of political discourse and practice. It also introduces students to the language and basic concepts of Politics. The student is later introduced to the methods of Political Science. POLS 102: Introduction to African Politics (2 Units) The course focuses on the nature of African society before colonialism; establishment of colonial rule in Africa; different systems of colonial administration and economic policies. Other topics include the problem of neo-colonialism and dependency; contemporary problems in Africa-Political crises,

of Political Science. POLS 102: Introduction to African Politics (2 Units) The course focuses on the nature of African society before colonialism; establishment of colonial rule in Africa; different systems of colonial administration and economic policies. Other topics include the problem of neo-colonialism and dependency; contemporary problems in Africa-Political crises, famine, structural adjustment and debt crisis in African. POLS 104: Nigerian Constitutional Development (2 Units) The student is taken through Nigerian Constitutional Development in a chronological and sequential order. In this ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 52 course, emphasis is on topics like colonization, the Richards Constitution, the McPherson Constitution, the Littleton Constitution, the Independence Constitution, The Republican Constitution, the 1979 Constitution. POLS 109: Nigerian Indigenous Political Systems (Unit 2) It exposes the students to political systems before Colonialism, development of Political Parties in Nigeria, characteristics of the indigenous political parties e t c. POLS 110: Introduction to Research and Knowledge Acquisition (Unit 2) It exposes the students of Political Science to research, how to draw knowledge from the existing research and how to acquire knew knowledge through scientific method. POLS 112: The Citizen and the State (2 Units) The relationship of the citizen to the state in terms of the duties and obligations of the citizen to the state; the responsibility of the state to the citizen must also be investigated; The nature of strained relations and the processes of rectification; Political obligation, basis of freedom, loyalty and patriotism. COSC 101: Computer (Unit 2) Exposes students to computer operation, components of computer and the uses of computer in conducting research. INTS 101: Ancestors of the Contemporary International System (2 Units) A brief survey of the fore-runners of the contemporary international system to highlight some earlier answers to the problem of co-existence, order and peace; focus on previous

computer operation, components of computer and the uses of computer in conducting research. INTS 101: Ancestors of the Contemporary International System (2 Units) A brief survey of the fore-runners of the contemporary international system to highlight some earlier answers to the problem of co-existence, order and peace; focus on previous examples of arrangements for organizing relations between diverse peoples from which our modern system sprang; The Chou system; the Greek City States; the Egyptian; Assyrian, Persian world, Renaissance Italy etc. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 53 STATS 165: Statistics for Political Science (2 Units) Students are introduced to the procedures of statistical summarization of political information with specific emphasis on frequency distribution, tables, graphs and basic inferential statistics. The nature of statistical methods, frequency distributions; measures of central tendencies-Mode, Mode, etc; Measures of Dispersion Range, Variance, Standard Deviation; Elementary Probability Theory, Binomials, Normal and Poisson Distributions. SOLG 101: Introduction to Sociology (Unit 3) Introduction to basic problem of sociology and sociological perspective, major theoretical schools and building blocks of society; research methods; culture, socialization and deviance; societal response to deviance and criminality; social differentiation and stratification; main social institutions in society; and social change are discussed. SOLG 104: Introduction to Psychology (Unit 3) Basic orientation of the discipline and subject matter; basic theoretical orientations and how psychology relates to other social sciences disciplines. Basic research methods in psychology are introduced and the uses of Psychology in modern life are discussed. 200- Level Courses POLS 201: Nigerian Government and Politics (4 Units) The Federal arrangement and Division of Powers, Critical Issues in Nigerian Politics i.e. Census, Elections, Education, Representation and Representativeness, Ethnic Relations, etc. POLS 203: Political Ideas (2 Units) Introduction to major political ideas in their historical context; emphasis should be placed on concepts like Monarchism, Liberalism, Democracy,

Politics (4 Units) The Federal arrangement and Division of Powers, Critical Issues in Nigerian Politics i.e. Census, Elections, Education, Representation and Representativeness, Ethnic Relations, etc. POLS 203: Political Ideas (2 Units) Introduction to major political ideas in their historical context; emphasis should be placed on concepts like Monarchism, Liberalism, Democracy, Socialism, Fascism, Anarchism, etc. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 54 POLS 204: Foundations of Political Economy (2 Units) Relationship between politics and economics; Economics as determinants of politics; Class analysis and political power relations; Production and politics with emphasis on the material basis of political action. POLS 206: Introduction to Public Administration (Unit 2) Introduces students to the nature of Public administration, Similarities and differences between public and Private Administration, functions of public administration, schools or conceptual approaches to the study of Public Administration the goal Model, System Model, Decision-Making Model, Classification Model, Human Relations Model Sociological Model, classifications or typologies of Organizations. Bureaucracy, Functions, Public Administration in National development, Growth and development, Reforms of the Civil Service, Changing Role of Socio-Economic and Political Transformation. International Public Administration and its Relationship with Domestic Public administration. POLS 207: Introduction to Comparative Politics (Unit 2) Exposes the students to the origin of Comparative Studies, the scope, basic concepts and theories associated with comparative politics. System, structural-functional, elite, modernization, power, Marxist and other theories are compared and related to countries as they are affected. POLS 209: Introduction to Local Government (Unit 2) Introduces students to study of Local Government Systems, problems, challenges and prospects. A critical study of whether or not local governments are autonomous arm of government or surrogate of others. POLS 210: Introduction to Political Analysis (2 Units) The course will examine the nature of politics, political systems and the structure of government, political representation ABU DLC Student Handbook

challenges and prospects. A critical study of whether or not local governments are autonomous arm of government or surrogate of others. POLS 210: Introduction to Political Analysis (2 Units) The course will examine the nature of politics, political systems and the structure of government, political representation ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 55 institutions of different regimes; the relationship between regime types and political efficiency, citizen’s participation and political culture. INTS 201: Introduction to International Relations (2 Units) The organization of the International Society; Theories of International Relations; linkage politics, theories of Coalitions and Alliances, Balance of power Theory, Impact of the emergence of the Third World. POLS 206: Introduction to Public Administration (2 Units) The rationale of public administration, the Ecology of Public Administration; The Politics of Administration; The Administrative Actor, Delegation of power, Administrative Audit and Control Elements of Administrative Law. POLS 208: Organisation of Government (2 Units) The various ways of organizing governments into Legislature, Executive and Judiciary; The theory of the separation of powers; Forms of political and administrative systems, i.e. Unitarism, Federalism, Confederalism; Forms of government like Presidentialism, Parliamentarianism; instrumentalities of political interaction like political parties, pressure groups, interest groups, etc. POLS 209: Introduction to Local Government (2 Units) Theory, Principles and forms of local government, decentralization, delegation, decentralisation principles; Local government mechanisms for community mobilization and development at the grass roots. POLS 213: Gender and Politics (2 Units) The course will focus on the nature of gender relations in Nigeria and the interface between gender and political participation. Different regimes will be studied, beginning from ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 56 the immediate post-independence period in 1960, the various military regimes to the current government to determine the nature gender representation. Participation in the various geo- political zones will be studied

between gender and political participation. Different regimes will be studied, beginning from ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 56 the immediate post-independence period in 1960, the various military regimes to the current government to determine the nature gender representation. Participation in the various geo- political zones will be studied and reasons for differential participation discussed. The positions of various political parties as contained in manifestos will studied. POLS 210: Introduction to Political Analysis (Unit 2) Exposes the students to the nature of politics, political systems and the structure of government, political representation, institutions of different regimes. The relationship between regimes, types and political efficiency, citizen participation and political culture. 300-Level Courses POLS 301: History of Political Thought (3 Units) Examination of selected classical and modern political thinkers, such as Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli; Locke, Marx, Fanon, Senghor, Nkrumah, etc. with special emphasis on the germination and impacts of their ideas. POLS 302: Political Data Analysis 3 Credits Exposes students to data collection and data analysis, such as descriptive statistical analysis, quantitative qualitative analysis etc. POLS 303: Contemporary Political Analysis (2 Units) Contending paradigms in contemporary political analysis, their philosophical and ideological roots, as well as evaluation: elite approach, group theory, functional systems and communications theory, basic concepts and elements of game theory and political gaming, structural analysis, theories of political development; the new political economy. POLS 304: Political Behaviour (2 Units) The study and measurements of various determinants of political behaviour; political socialization, political culture, ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 57 political participation and apathy. Electoral behaviour, public opinion, and political communication will also be discussed. POLS 305: Public Policy Analysis (2 Units) Concepts and strategies of planning, programming and budgeting systems (PPBS); basic techniques of network construction and analysis examined descriptively and from the perspective of administrative

Political Science) 57 political participation and apathy. Electoral behaviour, public opinion, and political communication will also be discussed. POLS 305: Public Policy Analysis (2 Units) Concepts and strategies of planning, programming and budgeting systems (PPBS); basic techniques of network construction and analysis examined descriptively and from the perspective of administrative systems; cost-effectiveness analysis and critique. POLS 306: Comparative Federalism (2 Units) The genesis of the political dynamics of Comparative Federal Systems, with particular reference to such countries as U.S.A. U.S.S.R., Canada, West Germany, India and Nigeria. POLS 307: Research Methods (2 Units) Basic methods of conducting scientific research, framing research questions and objectives, hypothesis formulation, design of research instruments, data collection, data analysis POLS 309: The Methodology of Comparative Politics (2 Units) Comparative Political Analysis: History of Comparative Politics, Concepts, the scientific methods, and Logic of Comparison; Classification Systems in Comparative Politics; Case study approach; competing paradigms or orientations in Comparative Political Analysis; the strategy of across-system theorizing; measurement problems in cross-national research. Approaches to the study of Comparative Politics, i.e. single country approach, multi-country approach, synchronic approach; Problems of Comparative Politics. POLS 310: Theories of International Relations (2 Units) An examination of the basic concepts and theories in the study of International Relations, Topics to be covered will include ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 58 Power, Conflict and Accommodation, Systems Theories, Linkage Politics, the Theories of Coalitions and Alliances, Models, Games and Simulation. POLS 311: Globalisation and Developing World (Unit 2) Introduces students to the concept of global village, its implications on development across the regions of the world, gains and pains of globalization to Africa and Nigeria in particular with emphasis on remedies or way forward. POLS 321: Theory and Practice of Public Administration (Units 2) Evolution of Administrative Organizational Theory: from the Classical through the

global village, its implications on development across the regions of the world, gains and pains of globalization to Africa and Nigeria in particular with emphasis on remedies or way forward. POLS 321: Theory and Practice of Public Administration (Units 2) Evolution of Administrative Organizational Theory: from the Classical through the Neo-classical to the Modern; Relations of administration to politics and the Political Process; administrative behaviour in various institutional settings, interplay of political institutions and administrative patterns of behaviour, Study of personnel administration, decision-making in bureaucratic organizations. POLS 324 African Political Thought (Unit 2) Introduces students to African Political Thinkers, such as Fanon, Nkrumah, Senghor, Nyerere, etc., with special emphasis on the germination and impact of their ideas POLS 326: Electoral Process and Management (Unit 2) Introduces the students to Electoral Processes and election terms such as Simple Plurality (First past the post), Absolute Plurality and Proportional Representation. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 59 400-Level Courses POLS 401: Civil- Military Relations (3 Units) Interdependence of civil and military types; the military in the foundation of states; impact of social structures and ethnic or class conflicts upon military organizational procedures and behaviours; the problem of civilian control of the military; the role of armies in revolution; the phenomenon and definition of the “military-industrial-complex”, ubiquity of military extractive tendency; explaining the stability or instability of civil-military relations in a comparative setting. POLS 402: Politics and Law in Africa (3 Units) The course is a comparative examination of the inter- relationships between law and politics in different African Countries by studying the political significance of the judicial process during the colonial and independence periods. The first section deals with the concept of law, what it is, how law arises and how it becomes institutionalized. The second part deals with the judicial process,

law and politics in different African Countries by studying the political significance of the judicial process during the colonial and independence periods. The first section deals with the concept of law, what it is, how law arises and how it becomes institutionalized. The second part deals with the judicial process, specifically, the systems of criminal justice which translate the abstract concerns of law into concrete institutions and policy are analysed in terms of who benefits and who does not. POLS 403: Development Administration (3 Units) Historical background of development administration; classical and neoclassical approaches to development administration; strategies for administrative restructuring and policy adjustments; structural adjustment and problems of development countries; finance and problems of resource administration; public enterprise management POLS 405: Third World and Dependency (3 Units) Politics of change in the Third World; international economic structures and the Third World, development theories and ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 60 experiences with Third World development, dependency and foreign policies. POLS 406: Nigerian Local Government (3 Units) Background to local governments in Nigeria, traditional institutions and local governments, 1976 local government reforms and after, local administration and local government reforms, funding and managements of resources in the local governments POLS 407: Public Finance Administration (2 Units) Basic elements of financial management and project decision making; topics include purpose and public revenue raising; budgeting policy and expenditure plan; the budgeting process and control of expenditure; public accountability. INTS 401: Nigerian Foreign Policy (2 Units) A study of dominant trends in Nigerian foreign policy since independence, showing both the domestic setting, the international environment; the impact of the civil war, Nigeria’s relative economic status and commitments as a regional power in Africa. Problems of relations with immediate neighbours are also examined. Topics include: The Internal setting of Nigeria’s foreign policy

in Nigerian foreign policy since independence, showing both the domestic setting, the international environment; the impact of the civil war, Nigeria’s relative economic status and commitments as a regional power in Africa. Problems of relations with immediate neighbours are also examined. Topics include: The Internal setting of Nigeria’s foreign policy – pressure groups; domestics schisms; consensus building process etc. Nigeria’s neighbours and the wider African setting; and international environmental policy processes and issues during civilian and military regimes; the effects of the civil war on Nigeria’s foreign policy; the changing pattern of Nigeria’s non-aligned policy; Nigeria’s foreign policy; issues and problem of foreign policy making since 1976 and Nigeria’s pan-African role. POLS 400: Research Project (6 Units) Students are required to choose a topic in consultation with the Department and bring concepts/theories learnt as well as ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 61 appropriate methods to bear on the topic. An essay on a topic selected from a list covering generalised areas of political science disciplines dealing with significant current political, economic, and cultural problems. This is to be presented in at least five (5) chapters of not less than sixty (60) pages of A4 paper and double spaced type with 14 font size characters following the format below: CHAPTER ONE: Introduction CHAPTER TWO: Literature review ant Theoretical frameworks. CHAPTER THREE: Methodology – method of data presentation, analysis and interpretation. CHAPTER FOUR: Data presentation, analysis and interpretation. CHAPTER FIVE: Summary, conclusion and recommendations. Students are required to write and submit to their supervisor tree topics which must be formed from the given sub-themes of that session and are expected to research and gather enough materials on the topic of interest they want to write on before forwarding it to their supervisor for approval. Graduation Requirements 1. The ‘A’ Level

submit to their supervisor tree topics which must be formed from the given sub-themes of that session and are expected to research and gather enough materials on the topic of interest they want to write on before forwarding it to their supervisor for approval. Graduation Requirements 1. The ‘A’ Level subject for Direct Entry (DE) candidates must include Government/History and Economics. 2. Minimum of three and maximum of five academic sessions for DE candidates. 3. Minimum of four and maximum of six academic sessions for UTME candidates. 4. The students will be awarded certificate on the basis of the credits attained in final examination. The continuous assessment will be 40%. While the final examination carries ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 62 60% in each courses. UTME candidates are required to earn a minimum of 120 Total credits units Earned (TCUE) and 90 TCUE for Direct Entry students before graduation. 5. Minimum CGPA for graduation: 1: 00 EXAMINATION RESULTS Semester Grades (a) Semester grades are calculated as Grade Point Averages (GPA) on the basis of A, B, C, D and F, which are equivalent to 5, 4, 3, 2, and 0 grade points (GP), respectively for classified degrees. (b) The minimum pass mark is 45% or GP of 1.00 for classified degrees, hence, a minimum CGPA of 1.00 is required for graduation. (c) In order to obtain an overall pass in the examinations in any year of study, a student is required to maintain a CGPA of at least 1.00 to be in good academic standing, a student whose cumulative GPA falls below 1.00 at the end of any year of study shall be placed on “probation”. How Grade Points are computed in your courses Grades Grade Points 70-100 (A) 5 60-70 (B) 4 50-59 (C) 3 45-49 (D)

1.00 to be in good academic standing, a student whose cumulative GPA falls below 1.00 at the end of any year of study shall be placed on “probation”. How Grade Points are computed in your courses Grades Grade Points 70-100 (A) 5 60-70 (B) 4 50-59 (C) 3 45-49 (D) 2 40-44 (E) 1 0-39 (F) 0 The class of degree as described above is being determined by the efforts a student puts into his/her studies from 100 level or ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 63 200 level as the case may be to the final level/year of his/her studies. CLASSIFICATION OF DEGREE CGPA CLASS OF DEGREE 4.50-500 1st First Class 3.50-4.49 2nd Class Upper Division 2.40-3.49 2nd Class Lower Division 1.50-2.39 Third Class 1.00-1.49 Pass Below 1.00 Fail ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 64 APPENDIX 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. 1.2 DLC LAW AND STATUTE The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR DLC EXAMINATION POLICY 1.

the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR DLC EXAMINATION POLICY 1. The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 65 using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations shall be supervised examinations as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 NIGERIAN STUDENTS Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students)

zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 66 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in

take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. 4.0 ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 67 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three (3) semesters in every session. 4. Examination timelines: a. All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e-tutors within four weeks of the semester. b. All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c. All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d. A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each

in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 68 recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for

four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 69 after the examination has started shall not be allowed to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be

these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 70 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right

Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment. 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 71 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESIS MANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session

number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 72 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades

Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 73 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 OFFENCE BY STUDENTS (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: 1. Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination 2. Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. 3. Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. 4. Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. 5. Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. 6. Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. 7. Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. 8. Willful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. 9. Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. 10. Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session 1. Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 74 2. Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. 3. Non-appearance at the

examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session 1. Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 74 2. Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. 3. Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) 4. If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. 5. Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. 6. Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations 7. Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. 12.2 OFFENCES INVOLVING STAFF 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. 2. Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 75 2. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker

available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc Political Science) 75 2. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. 5. Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Scripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE Ahmadu Bello University STUDENT HANDBOOK B.Sc. Public Administration ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook ii © 2023 Distance Learning Centre, ABU Zaria, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the Director, Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. First published 2018 Published and Printed by Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tel: 08065949711 abupress@abu.edu.ng info@abupress.com.ng Website: www.abupress.com.ng ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook iii FOREWORD Whereas the Distance Learning Centre Prospectus covers all aspects of the Distance Learning delivery in Ahmadu Bello University, the DLC B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook is designed to give you an overview of the B.Sc. Public Administration by Distance Learning in the Ahmadu Bello University. A Handbook of this nature is a must read for you. It provides useful information on the nature, orientation and scope of the B.Sc. Public Administration programme as well as highlights the uniqueness of this delivery modality. As you opt for the distance learning mode to acquire a Bachelor of Science degree in Public Administration, we shall strive to make your learning experience a memorable one. I urge you to commit, discipline and submit yourself to the demand of distance education. This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed

a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook iv CONTENTS Copyright page ii Foreword iii Contents iv PART 1: General Information 1 1.1 Principal Officers of the University 3 1.2 Visitor, Principal Officers, Deans and Directors 4 1.3 Historical Perspective 7 1.6 University Administration 11 1.7 Faculties, Institutes, Centres and Schools 12 PART 2 Distance Learning Centre 14 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Distance Learning Centre Academic Calendar 18 2.3 Deployment of Distance Learning Programmes 21 2.4 Studying as a Distance Learner 24 2.11 Waiver and Deferment Guidelines 34 PART 3 BSc. Public Administration 40 Overview 41 Objectives of Programme 42 Admission Requirements 42 Duration 42 Programme Delivery 42 Graduation Requirements 48 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 68 ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 1 PART I GENERAL INFORMATION ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 2 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 3 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Malam Adamu Fika, CFR Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Danladi A. Ameh Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 4

FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Danladi A. Ameh Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 4 1.2 VISITOR, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEANS AND DIRECTORS Visitor: Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vic- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 5 Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University

Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 5 Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar Farouq Yaya Director, Directorate of University Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 6 Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar

Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law: Dr. Salim Bashir Magashi Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 7 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when

in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded in Samaru, Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 8 technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institutionhas since inception been under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (1975-1978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (1986-1991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991- 1995), Gen. Mamman

Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institutionhas since inception been under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (1975-1978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (1986-1991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991- 1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004- 2009), Professor Abdullahi Mustapha (2009-2015), Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Prof.essor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental re- organisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 9 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The

century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 10 Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning

when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 11 “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in- Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. The University Senate building ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 12 The University Senate building 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES

School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. The University Senate building ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 12 The University Senate building 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 13 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre

Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 14 PART II DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 15 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus-based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying

obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional income by means of ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 16 enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is

shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 17 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and e- Learning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 18 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in

Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 18 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 19 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferments ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 20 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1

Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferments ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 20 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. International Studies, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 21 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students.

delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 22 the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. The delivery method shall however

curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of relevant Discussion questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 23 iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres

Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student- student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 24 provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common room. The Liaison Offices shall be administered by an Administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus

UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will be working through specially prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 25 Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills that would assist you in studying independently. A. Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that

to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 26 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to read between the lines and beyond the lines; 5. You must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in

recall what you are learning. iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write well by imitating good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are reading. Therefore, you need the skill of note taking and note making. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 27 When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; 3. be consistent in note taking; 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting,

Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will make study more appropriate and effective such as: 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 28 Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while you are studying because notes may not be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain:

what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing, drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 29 C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. i. Start early To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact your first day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand-outs or textbooks.

on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand-outs or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials to learn for examinations. v. Revise Revise for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 30 vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for

the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You are learning the facts for the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 31 you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed.

underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 32 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste

out another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well- focused conclusion. 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 33 are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to

Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 34 Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. i. Read and fully understand the examination regulations ii.. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the

to succeed. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 34 Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. i. Read and fully understand the examination regulations ii.. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 35 other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment:

4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 35 other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment Application is abudlc.edu.ng. 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be made at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session. 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 36 AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning):Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and

assured of: 1. admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning):Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester – whichever is more convenient for you. - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 37 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation

On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 37 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 38 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you

laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 38 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e- tutors shall be made available to you. - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 39 10.

component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 39 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 40 PART III BSc Public Administration ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 41 3.1 OVERVIEW The Distance Learning Centre (DLC) has established academic requirements that apply to all students working towards a

us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 40 PART III BSc Public Administration ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 41 3.1 OVERVIEW The Distance Learning Centre (DLC) has established academic requirements that apply to all students working towards a first degree in Public Administration that are consistent with the standards set by the National University Commission (NUC). These requirements reflect the Centre’s commitment to a broad- based quality education. The main components of this programme are: (a) Core Curricular; in which students concentrate their studies and receive degrees. (b) Electives; which permit students to take courses of their own choice in consultation with their academic advisors. (c) General Studies; which acquaint students with the foundation of general education in science, social sciences and humanities, as well as inculcating in the undergraduate students the essence of nationalism and morality. The BSc. Public Administration programme runs for a two, three or four year period leading to the awarded of the Bachelor of Science Degree. The two year programme last 4-6 semesters; the three year programme lasts for 6-10 semesters and the four year programme lasts 8-12 semesters. These students are admitted either directly into 300L (ADPA holders), 200L for direct entry students and 100L respectively. The B.Sc. degree in public administration is aimed at producing personnel with relevant sufficient skills of handling and managing both simple and complex relations in the ever changing bureaucracy and growing public environment. At Degree level distance learning usually means students engaging with learning materials at home and work. These materials are sent directly to the students or more usually today accessed via the internet. Tutorial support is provided via virtual learning environment, email, telephone, or other electronic means. There may be occasional face to face

distance learning usually means students engaging with learning materials at home and work. These materials are sent directly to the students or more usually today accessed via the internet. Tutorial support is provided via virtual learning environment, email, telephone, or other electronic means. There may be occasional face to face encounters with tutors at week long summer schools if need arises. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 42 3.2 OBJECTIVES The B.Sc degree in Public Administration is aimed at a. Providing the students with knowledge required for understanding and analysing public policy and its implications. b. Equipping students with knowledge and skills to enable them to function effectively in the rapidly changing Public Administration environment. c. Producing students who are capable of applying appropriate administrative principles and techniques to problem-solving in the Nigerian environment. d. Producing administrators who are equipped with relevant ICT knowledge and skills. 3.3 ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS All candidates to be admitted into the B.Sc degree in Public Administration programme must possess five (5) O’level credits in English Language, Economics, Government/History and any other two (2) credits in social science or Art subject in the SSCCE, WASC, NECO at not more than two (2) sittings. At UTME level, candidates must write Government, Economic or History, English language and any other social science or art subject. The ‘A’ Level subject for Direct Entry candidates must include Government/History and Economics. 3.4 DURATION (i.) Minimum of four and maximum of six academic sessions for UTME candidates. (ii) Minimum of three and maximum of five academic sessions for DE candidates. 3.5 PROGRAMME DELIVERY Delivery of instruction on the Distance learning platform is predicated on the open and distance learning spirit of flexibility, convenience, accessibility and quality. Consequently, the following are used to reach out to study. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc.

three and maximum of five academic sessions for DE candidates. 3.5 PROGRAMME DELIVERY Delivery of instruction on the Distance learning platform is predicated on the open and distance learning spirit of flexibility, convenience, accessibility and quality. Consequently, the following are used to reach out to study. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 43 1. Activity-based structured study. 2. Availability of comprehensive course materials in hard copy (printed version). 3. Availability of comprehensive course materials in electronic format (online and offline on tablet devices). 4. Video recording of lectures on tablet devices. 5. Links to electronic libraries on tablet devices. 3.6 ASSESSMENT MODALITIES 1. Response to individual assignment - 15% 2. Response to Topical Discussions - 5% 3. Response to Discussion Questions - 5% 4. Respond to Group Discussion - 5% 5. CBT Examination - 20% 6. Semester Examinations - 50% Total - 100% At CBT based at an accredited centre of your choice. Grading Scale 1. 70-100 = A 5 2. 60-69 = B 4 3. 50-59 = C 3 4. 46-49 = D 2 5. 40-45 = E 1 6. 0-39 = F 0 Award of Certificates The students will be awarded certificate on the basis of the credits attained in final examination. The continuous assessment will be 60%. While the final examination carries 40%in each courses. UTME candidates are required to earn a minimum of 120 Total credits units Earned (TCUE) and 90 TCUE for Direct Entry students before graduation. 3.7 LEARNING OUTCOME At the completion of the programme, graduating students would be able to comprehend both theories and practice, surrounding ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 44 Public Administration and these would equip them in coming up with objective decision and policies that have to do with Public Administration. 3.8 COURSE STRUCTURE: 4

of the programme, graduating students would be able to comprehend both theories and practice, surrounding ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 44 Public Administration and these would equip them in coming up with objective decision and policies that have to do with Public Administration. 3.8 COURSE STRUCTURE: 4 YEAR (B.Sc) PUBLIC ADMIN A. (First Semester) 100 level Courses Course Code Course Title Status Credit Units PADM101 Introduction to Public Administration Core 3 PADM 103 Introduction to Sociology Core 3 PADM 105 Introduction to Psychology Core 3 ACCT 101 Introduction to Accounting Core 3 GENS 101 Nationalism Core 1 GENS 103 English & Communication Skills Core 2 BSAQ 101 Introduction to Business Required 2 B. (Second Semester) 100 Level courses Course Code Course Title Status Credit Units PADM 102 Industrial & Organisational Psychology Core 3 PADM 104 Individual, Group and Society Core 3 PADM 106 Element of Government Core 3 PADM108 Principles of Economics Core 3 ACCT 102 Principles of Accounting Core 3 LAWC102 Principles of Law Core 3 BSAQ 102 Elements of Business Administration Required 2 ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 45 200 Level Courses A. (First Semester) Course Code Course Title Status Credit Units PADM 201 Element of Public Administration Core 3 PADM 203 Descriptive Statistics for public Admin Core 3 PADM 205 Introduction to political Science Core 3 PADM 207 Introduction to Micro- Economics Core 3 PADM 209 Nigerian Government and Politics Core 3 ACCT 201 Public Sector Accounting 1 Core 3 BUAD 201 Element of Business Administration Core 3 BSAQ 201 Business Policy Required 2 B. (Second Semester) Course Code Course Title Status Credit Units PADM 202 Nigerian Government & Administration Core 3 PADM 204 Economics and Social Development Core 2 PADM 206 Inferential Statistics for Public Administration Core 2 PADM 208

201 Element of Business Administration Core 3 BSAQ 201 Business Policy Required 2 B. (Second Semester) Course Code Course Title Status Credit Units PADM 202 Nigerian Government & Administration Core 3 PADM 204 Economics and Social Development Core 2 PADM 206 Inferential Statistics for Public Administration Core 2 PADM 208 Introduction to Macro- Economics Core 2 PADM 210 Social psychology Core 2 PADM 212 Gender Mainstreaming in Development Core 2 ACCT 202 Public Sector Accounting II Core 2 GENS 202 Entrepreneurship & Innovation Core 2 BSAQ 202 Business Skills Required 2 ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 46 300 Level Courses A. (First Semester) Course Code Course Title Status Credit Units PADM 301 Administrative Theory Core 3 PADM 303 Nigerian Economy Core 2 PADM 305 Public Personnel Management Core 2 PADM 307 Research Methods Core 2 PADM 309 Development Administration Core 2 PADM 311 Conflict Management Core 2 PADM 313 Comparative Local Government (Elective) Core 2 PADM 315 Intergovernmental Relations (Elective) Core 2 PADM 317 Traditional Administrative System in Nigeria Core 3 BSAQ 301 Govt., Business & Society Required 2 B. (Second Semester) Course Code Course Title Status Credit Units PADM 302 Administrative Behaviour Core 3 PADM 304 Nigerian Economy Core 2 PADM 306 Sustainable Development Core 2 PADM 308 e-Government Core 2 LAWC 302 Administrative law Core 2 GENS 302 Business Creation and Growth Core 2 PADM 310 Manpower Planning and Development (Elective) Core 2 PADM 314 International Relations (Elective) Core 2 BSAQ 301 Employability Required 2 ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 47 400 Level Courses A. (First Semester) Course Code Course Title Status Credit Units PADM 401 Theory and practice of planning Core 2 PADM 403 Public Policy Analysis Core 2 PADM 405 Workshop in Public Administration I Core 3 PADM 407 Public

ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 47 400 Level Courses A. (First Semester) Course Code Course Title Status Credit Units PADM 401 Theory and practice of planning Core 2 PADM 403 Public Policy Analysis Core 2 PADM 405 Workshop in Public Administration I Core 3 PADM 407 Public Financial Management Core 2 PADM 409 Administration of Non- Governmental Organisation (NGOs) Core 2 ACCT 407 Management Accounting Core 2 PADM 411 Social & Welfare Administration in Nigeria (Elective) Core 2 PADM 413 Urban & Regional Planning (Elective) Core 2 BSAQ 401 Entrepreneurial Development Required 2 B. (Second Semester) Course Code Course Title Status Credit Units PADM 402 Project Analysis and Management Core 2 PADM 404 Comparative Public Administration Core 2 PADM 406 Public Enterprise Management Core 2 PADM 408 Research Project Core 6 PADM 410 Workshop in public Administration II Core 3 PADM 412 Issues in Development (Elective) Core 2 PADM 414 Rural & Community Development (Elective) Core 2 ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 48 T0tal Credit Units Required LEVEL FIRST SEMESTER SECOND SEMRSTER/ TOTAL CUMULATIVE 100 15 18 38 33 200 13 17 30 63 300 15 15 30 93 400 15 17 32 125 3.9 GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS For the purposes of graduation, a student admitted to 100 level or transferred into 200 level must earned a minimum of 120 credits for a four-year programme of 150 credits for a five-year programme before graduation. 3.10 COURSE DESCRIPTION PADM 101 Introduction to Public Administration I The aims of this course is to help students understand new ideas and concepts of public administration. Similarities and differences between public and private administration. PADM 103 Introduction to Sociology The aims of this course is to enable students understand the meaning and methods of sociology, social organisation and culture. Social

aims of this course is to help students understand new ideas and concepts of public administration. Similarities and differences between public and private administration. PADM 103 Introduction to Sociology The aims of this course is to enable students understand the meaning and methods of sociology, social organisation and culture. Social stratification and socialization are also taught. PADM 105 Introduction to psychology Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour of organisms. Principally, human, animal species. The goals and objectives of psychology are to describe, understand, predict and control behaviour. It is meant to equip students with the basic concepts, principles, ideas, theories and issues of psychology for them to have a fairly ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 49 good grip of human behaviour as they interact with human beings in their day to day affairs. The students are made to understand that the processes of psychology as events happen daily around them. GENS101 Nationalism GENS 103 English and Communication Skills The purpose of this course is to help the student with good command of English and communication skills, in both verbal and written form. PADM102 Industrial and Organisational Psychology The aims of this course organisational psychology is to acquaint the students with the ideas of human nature and behaviour in work place. PADM 104 Individual, Group, & Society This course changes its focus to collective behaviour and social problems. Peer, groups and social institutions are treated. Population and ecology will also be looked. PADM106 Element of Government This course acquaint students with the role of government in the context of socio-economic development in the present day societies. Basic elements of government legislation, executive and judicial processes of execution. Legislation and control. The presidential system of government versus parliamentary system. Policy- making and planning, problems of implementation and evaluation.

course acquaint students with the role of government in the context of socio-economic development in the present day societies. Basic elements of government legislation, executive and judicial processes of execution. Legislation and control. The presidential system of government versus parliamentary system. Policy- making and planning, problems of implementation and evaluation. Law and citizen, nature of law, liberty and economic justice. PADM 108 Principles of Economics This course expose the students to how they interact, and the economy functions. The nature, methods and scope of economics and the operation of price system. It also equip the students with decision making skills in the face of difficulty in allocating her hard earned resources. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 50 LAWC 102 Principles of law This course introduce the students to the basic concepts of law, its nature, sources, functions and importance to public administration. At the end of the course, the students should be able to define and appreciate the concepts and sources of law using the various schools of legal jurisprudence. ACCT 102 Introduction to Accounting The aims of this course is to introduce the students to the principles of financial accounting the various users of financial information and their information needs. PADM 201 Element of public administration This course aims to introduce the students to nature of public administration, similarities and differences between public and private administration. Function of public administration, schools or conceptual approaches to the study of public administration. PADM 203 Descriptive statistics for public administration This explores methods of collecting, presenting and analysing data. Measures of central tendencies, dispersion, skewness, expectations and decisions. Elementary probability theory. Probability distributions. Sampling and sampling distributions. PADM 205 Introduction to political science This course explore constitution, government, power, authority, order, legitimacy, and political development. The students of administration

administration This explores methods of collecting, presenting and analysing data. Measures of central tendencies, dispersion, skewness, expectations and decisions. Elementary probability theory. Probability distributions. Sampling and sampling distributions. PADM 205 Introduction to political science This course explore constitution, government, power, authority, order, legitimacy, and political development. The students of administration needs to understand concepts and issues in politics generate to the under political environment in which operate. PADM 207 Introduction to Micro Economics Basically, it is concerned with analysing the incentives created by governmental policies; developing ways to analyse the influence of groups, the course examines the followings. i. Introduction ii. Economic system iii. Theory of ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 51 consumer behaviour iv. Theory of production v. production function. PADM 209 Nigerian Government & Politics This course is designed to expose you to some fundamental aspects of Nigerian government and politics from the pre-colonial, through the colonial to the post-colonial period. The major topics to be covered include: Pre- colonial states and nations in Nigeria, colonialism and the evolution of the Nigerian state, the rise of Nigerian nationalism (traditional and modern nationalism) as well as Nigerian constitutional development. We shall also examine the structure and major features of Nigeria’s post- independence government and politics. ACCT 201 Public sector accounting I The objective of this course is to enable students to understand the legal frameworks and the financial authorities used in the public sector and to describe the accounting concepts and various professional pronouncements on government accounting. BUAD 201 Elements of Business Administration The objectives of this course is to enable the students to understand the scope of management, the process of management, the structure of management. Management concept; roles of managers, responsibilities of managers. The concept of leadership. Qualities of a leaders, leadership styles. PADM

accounting. BUAD 201 Elements of Business Administration The objectives of this course is to enable the students to understand the scope of management, the process of management, the structure of management. Management concept; roles of managers, responsibilities of managers. The concept of leadership. Qualities of a leaders, leadership styles. PADM 202 Nigerian Government and administration This course is to acquaint students with the major colonial and post- colonial politics, constitutional, and administrative development ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 52 in Nigeria. The course also examines, British conquest and colonial administration of Nigeria. Political and constitutional development in Nigeria. Federalism in Nigeria. PADM 204 Economic and Social Development Classical and contemporary theories of development should be explored. Development planning and implementation. General aspect of economic growth. PADM 206 Inferential Statistics for public administration Elementary sampling theory. Type of hypotheses for small and large samples. PADM 208 Introduction to Macro- Economics Students are expose to the basic concepts of macro-economic measurements; national income determinants and functions. The course examines the following; a) National income accounting b) Calculation of national income c) The consumption function d) The concept of multiplier. PADM 210 Social Psychology Social Psychology focuses on individuals and how they perceive, interact with influence each other and how they exert influence on groups. PADM212 Gender Mainstreaming in development This course will examine the social, political and economic aspects of gender relations, and their relation to the development process. The course examines the following. a) introduction to the social construction of gender ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 53 b)women and development c)mainstreaming gender in development policy d) Women, work and the global economy. GENS 202 Introduction to Entrepreneurship & Innovation ACCT 202 Public sector accounting II Students are also expected to evaluate the financial management cycle

construction of gender ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 53 b)women and development c)mainstreaming gender in development policy d) Women, work and the global economy. GENS 202 Introduction to Entrepreneurship & Innovation ACCT 202 Public sector accounting II Students are also expected to evaluate the financial management cycle in federal, states and local governments and explain the main public expenditure votes, personnel emolument, overheads and capital votes and the rules guide disbursement and preparation of financial statements for parastatals base on the enabling laws. The course is divided into two semester 1 and II. i. Preparation of the annual budget, reserves balances and budgetary control. ii. Government accounting processes iii. Government contracts iv. Public finance v. Investment appraisal in the public sector. 300 LEVEL; PADM 301 Administrative Theory This Course stresses on broadening your horizon on the approaches, techniques, mechanisms and principles of managing not only public sector organisations but also their ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 54 private counterparts. It specifically explores the concepts of administration, management and organisation; concepts of theory and theory of administration. It also covers the three Schools of Management Thought: Classical, Neo-Classical and Modern and their arguments. Inclusive are also some principles of administration such as leadership, communication, decision making, and conflict management. PADM 303 Nigerian Economy This course will include: -A brief introduction/description of Nigeria -Introduction to the concept of economy -An overview of Nigerian economy -A brief description of some natural resources that abound in Nigeria -The three major divisions of the Nigerian Economy -Sector by sector analysis PADM 305 Public personnel Management Issues of public service, job satisfaction, recruitment, selection, training and development, pay administration, working condition, incentives and employee motivation. Employee evaluation and labour relation in the public sector are also treated. PADM 307 Research

three major divisions of the Nigerian Economy -Sector by sector analysis PADM 305 Public personnel Management Issues of public service, job satisfaction, recruitment, selection, training and development, pay administration, working condition, incentives and employee motivation. Employee evaluation and labour relation in the public sector are also treated. PADM 307 Research Methods An overview of scientific research approach and its application in conducting research in social ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 55 sciences. Problem definition, hypothesis and formulation. The role of theory in research, type of research methods of data collection. Analysis and presentation of data. PADM 309 Development Administration Development analysis exploring the meaning and dimensions of development in national setting. Environment of development administration political economic, administrative, socio- cultural factors impinging on government development efforts. Models of economic development, strategies and policies of National Development. PADM 311 Conflict Management The aim of the course is to acquaint students with the meaning, nature, causes, types, dimensions and effects of conflicts. The theory of conflict shall also be critically examined. PADM PADM 313 Comparative local Government The history of local government in Nigeria; pre-colonial, colonial and post- colonial period. Comparative study of local governments in the world. Their impact on Africa and Nigeria. Determinants of size of local government, structural arrangement. Sources and management of local government revenues. Role of local government in national ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 56 development, inter-governmental relation. PADM 315 Inter- Governmental Relation Various levels of governments and their functions. The rational for their existence. Examination of concepts like decentralization, devolution, self-rule, local autonomy, etc. The relationships- legal, financial, administrative among the levels of government. Such concepts as revenue allocation, grants, representation, residency, requirements for employment, federal character. PADM 317 Traditional Administrative System in Nigeria Early History of Nigeria, Migration

The rational for their existence. Examination of concepts like decentralization, devolution, self-rule, local autonomy, etc. The relationships- legal, financial, administrative among the levels of government. Such concepts as revenue allocation, grants, representation, residency, requirements for employment, federal character. PADM 317 Traditional Administrative System in Nigeria Early History of Nigeria, Migration and Formation of Centralized Institutions. Hausa State. Kanem-Borno; Yoruba States, Benin etc. Administration in those states. Culture and traditions, Evolution of traditional Rulers, Indirect Rule System Formation of Accephallous ; Pre-colonial traditional system in Hausa, Yoruba &Igbo Land and Colonial Administration in Nigeria. PADM 302 Administrative Behaviour Rationality in the administration behaviour. Role concept, power, decision-making leadership, communication, motivation and public policy analysis should be treated. PADM 304 Nigerian Economy II Private and public sectors, development planning, foreign trade, employment problem in Nigeria, Nigeria’s economic growth and development. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 57 PADM 306 Sustainable Development The course examines i. The concept and evolution of sustainable development. ii. The components and sub-components of sustainable development (SD) iii. Relationship between sustainable development and the MDGs, NEPAD and NEEDs iv. The state of sustainable development in Nigeria v. The role of government in sustainable development vi. Strategies for sustainable development in Nigeria. PADM 308 e-Governance This course is to the students understand the concept of and appreciate the use of ICT in public sector management. The barriers to the effective use of ICT in governance and polities that will promote the use of ICT in governance. GENS 302 Business Creation and Growth ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 58 PADM 310 Manpower planning and Development The course has the primary objectives to acquaint the students with the concepts of manpower planning and development in public organisations (micro) and the nation (macro). The following specific issues

302 Business Creation and Growth ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 58 PADM 310 Manpower planning and Development The course has the primary objectives to acquaint the students with the concepts of manpower planning and development in public organisations (micro) and the nation (macro). The following specific issues would be the focus of the study; i. Concepts of manpower planning. ii. Forecasting techniques of manpower planning. iii. The manpower planning environment. iv. Manpower utilization v. The manpower planning and development. PADM 314 International Relations The international environment plays an important role in engendering or hampering the functions of public administrators. The course is broken into topics. i. Introduction ii. Basic concepts iii. Methodology of international analysis iv. Foreign aid v. International organisations Structure and function of the U.N.O, Commonwealth of Nation, ECOWAS and position of Nigeria in these international and regional organisations and world politics is explored generally. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 59 LAWC 302 Administrative law i. The students should be acquainted as administrators with the source power they are exercising in any government agency or institution and how this power given to them can be controlled. ii. The students will be well conversant with some professional administrative bodies in Nigeria in charge of regulating private administrative practitioners. iii. The students should appreciate the basic elements of administrative law. iv. The students should be knowledgeable on administrative action and procedures that can be declared illegal due to noncompliance with due legal process. 400 LEVEL PADM 401 Theory and practice of planning The meaning and types of planning, the planning process; strategies of planning; planning techniques; planning and budgeting; administrative obstacles to planning. Theories of planning; ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 60 PADM 403 Public policy making and analysis Nature and

LEVEL PADM 401 Theory and practice of planning The meaning and types of planning, the planning process; strategies of planning; planning techniques; planning and budgeting; administrative obstacles to planning. Theories of planning; ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 60 PADM 403 Public policy making and analysis Nature and complexity of policy making; implementation and evaluation; definition of concepts like policy, plan, programme, project, actors, stakeholders, policy arena. etc. The policy cycle, agenda setting in policy formulation. PADM 405 Workshop in public administration I The purpose and use of files, the contents and application of the civil service rules, the financial instructions, the financial memoranda. i. To make the students appreciate the inherent problems in dealing with public service delivery. ii. To expose the students to practical ways of doing things in the office. iii. To groom the students in the art of government protocols and maintaining office security and secrecy. PADM 407 Public finance management Environmental and distinguishing characteristics of government and institutional accounting, state and local government organisation for financial management; special methods of accounting within the legal and financial constraints for local government, hospitals and state-owned companies. PADM 409 Administrative of Non- The course is Administration of Non-Governmental Organizations ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 61 Governmental Organisation (NGOs) and is hope to expose you to understand the basic concept of Non-Governmental Organizations. This course will enable you to know the following: Meaning of Non-Governmental organizations (NGOs) Characteristics of Non- Governmental organizations (NGOs) Organizational Structure of an NGO Reasons for existence of NGOs Types of NGOs Definitions of International Nongovernmental Organizations Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and the relationship Origins and Development of Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) Relationship between Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) and other organizations Challenges of Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) The Socio-economic Relevance and the roles

Structure of an NGO Reasons for existence of NGOs Types of NGOs Definitions of International Nongovernmental Organizations Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and the relationship Origins and Development of Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) Relationship between Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) and other organizations Challenges of Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) The Socio-economic Relevance and the roles of Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) Role of Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) in conflict resolution PADM 411 Social welfare administration This course is designed to enable the student understand the different forms and techniques of social welfare administration in order to ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 62 enable him adequately tackle various administrative problems in the local government. It aims at exploring the rudiments of social welfare administration in Nigeria and some parts of the world in comparison between the system of social welfare in Nigeria, Africans and the world at large. This topic course will include: the general objectives,  Understand the history of social welfare in Nigeria  Understand social welfare in the different phases of political development in Nigeria  Understand inter- regional differences in social welfare administration  Appreciation the various models of social welfare reforms in Nigeria  Understand the process of project evaluation PADM 413 Urban and Regional planning The Course entitled Urban and Regional Planning is an elective. It is offered to enable students have a knowledge on what urban and regional planning is all about. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 63 This course will enable you to know the following issue  Definition of concepts in urban and Regional Planning  Rationale for planning Urban Areas  Causes of poor Urban Planning and management  Characteristics of urban settlements and Issues of Urbanization  The history of Urban Planning and Management  Urbanization and Rural Development  Urbanization and

following issue  Definition of concepts in urban and Regional Planning  Rationale for planning Urban Areas  Causes of poor Urban Planning and management  Characteristics of urban settlements and Issues of Urbanization  The history of Urban Planning and Management  Urbanization and Rural Development  Urbanization and Urban Poverty  Urbanization and its problems in Africa ACCT 407 Management Accounting Management Accounting ACCT 407. The course seeks to introduce you to the basic concept of cost accounting, such as basic concept of cost, element of cost and cost classification. PADM 402 Project Analysis and Management The Course focuses on the inter- relationships between policy formulation, projects and development plans. The main topics which constitute the course units to be covered include the following: 1. the origin of project in the context of community problems or opportunities and government policies; 2. project planning; 3. different aspects of project appraisal or feasibility study ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 64 such as: o financial, o technical, o market, o economic and o social; 4. organizational aspect of project management – the matrix structure; 5. project management techniques such as LRC, PERT (Network Analysis) and CPM; 6. Project monitoring and evaluation. PADM 404 Comparative Public Administration The course is titled Comparative Public Administration which is put in place to expose you to the basic concepts, nature and principles of Comparative Administration study as the basis for understanding the behaviour and pattern of administrative and political systems of different countries of the world. This course is designed in a way as to examine the following:  The evolution, meaning, nature and scope of Comparative Public Administration as a field of study and as a system of action.  Understand the meaning of Comparative Public Administration  Know the trend

countries of the world. This course is designed in a way as to examine the following:  The evolution, meaning, nature and scope of Comparative Public Administration as a field of study and as a system of action.  Understand the meaning of Comparative Public Administration  Know the trend in the study of Comparative Public Administration ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 65 and the significance of Comparative Public Administration study  Look at the relationship between ecology and comparative public administration  Outline the approaches to the study of Comparative Public Administration  Discuss the Prismatic model and the Riggs Prismatic SalaModel  Understand the administration and politics of different countries of the world  Understand the similarities and dissimilarities of the administrative cum political system of some selected countries in the world as well as Nigeria. PADM 406 Public Enterprises Management Public Enterprises Management as a course is offered in order to enable you as students know the meaning and the dimensions of the concept and management of public enterprises in Nigeria. This course will expose you to and entrench in the following concepts:  Definition of Public Enterprises  The Rationale for Identifying Public Enterprise  Functions of Public ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 66 Enterprises  Different Classifications of Public Enterprises  Management Pattern of Public Enterprises  Philosophy Informing the Establishment of Public Enterprises in Nigeria  Control Measures of Public Enterprises Activities  Funding of and Maintenance of Financial Equilibrium among Public Enterprises  Reforms in the Public Enterprises Sector PADM 408 Research project PADM 410 Workshop in public Administration II The aim of this course “Workshop in Public Administration” is to expose you to the practical ways of doing things in offices of organisations. This is done

Financial Equilibrium among Public Enterprises  Reforms in the Public Enterprises Sector PADM 408 Research project PADM 410 Workshop in public Administration II The aim of this course “Workshop in Public Administration” is to expose you to the practical ways of doing things in offices of organisations. This is done to broaden your knowledge on the issues of appointment and leaving/cessation of service, discipline, leave, accountability and transparency in public procurement etc. In addition, it will mould the character of students towards internalising the values of probity, accountability and transparency in transacting government business and so forth. PADM 412 Issues in Development This course is specifically designed to extensively introduce and expose the students to the contemporary issues characterising development with ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 67 particular focus on Nigeria. . Issues covered include theoretical, historical, prevailing and practical contemporary economic, social and political issues in the Nigeria’s development. PADM 414 Rural and community Development Rural and community development as a course of study shall take you through the following: 1. Exploration of concepts. 2. Rural Development 3. Rural Development Planning 4. Integrated Rural Development 5. Community Development 6. Community Leadership 7. An Overview of some Rural Development Programmes in Nigeria CLASSIFICATION OF DEGREE CGPA CLASS OF DEGREE 4.50-500 1st First Class 3.50-4.49 2nd Class Upper Division 2.40-3.49 2nd Class Lower Division 1.50-2.39 Third Class 1.00-1.49 Pass Below 1.00 Fail ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 68 APPENDIX 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES TABLE OF CONTENT Title Page Copyright Page Contents Definitions 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Preamble 1.2 DLC Law and Statute 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 2.0 Preparation for Examinations 3.0 Examination Venues 4.0. Administering Examinations 5.0 Appointment of External/Internal Moderators/Examiners 6.0 General Examination Regulations, 7.0 Consequences for Failing to Write Examinations 8.0

OF CONTENT Title Page Copyright Page Contents Definitions 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Preamble 1.2 DLC Law and Statute 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 2.0 Preparation for Examinations 3.0 Examination Venues 4.0. Administering Examinations 5.0 Appointment of External/Internal Moderators/Examiners 6.0 General Examination Regulations, 7.0 Consequences for Failing to Write Examinations 8.0 Academic Monitoring/Quality Assurance 9.0 Research Work and Project, Dissertation and Thesis Management 10.0 Duties of Invigilators 11.0 Examination Malpractice 12.0 Sanctions 12.1 Offence by Students 12.2 Offences Involving Staff 13.0 Management of Examination Results 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 69 as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus-based programmes”. 1.2 DLC Law and Statute The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 1. The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester

distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations shall be supervised examinations as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 70 oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 Nigerian Students Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 International Students Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six

supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 71 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. 4.0. ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination

corresponding Nigerian Embassy. 4.0. ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three (3) semester in every session. 4. Examination timelines: a. All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e-tutors within four weeks of the semester. b. All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c. All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d. A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 72 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet

examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 73 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start.

for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour after the examination has started shall not be allowed to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 74 permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be

shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 75 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in

have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESIS MANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 76 of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as

hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 77 i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 Offence by Students (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: i) Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names,

Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 Offence by Students (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: i) Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination ii) Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. iii) Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. iv) Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. v) Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. vi) Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. vii) Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 78 viii) Willful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. ix) Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. x) Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session i) Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) ii) Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. iii) Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) iv) If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. v) Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. vi) Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other

and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) iv) If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. v) Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. vi) Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations vii) Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. 11.2 Offences Involving Staff 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 79 marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. 2. Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. 5. Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with

be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. 5. Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Scripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria. STUDENT HANDBOOK B.Sc. SOCIOLOGY ii ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) © 2023 Distance Learning Centre, ABU Zaria, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the Director, Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. First published 2018 Published and Printed by Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tel: 08065949711 abupress@abu.edu.ng info@abupress.com.ng Website: www.abupress.com.ng iii ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) FORWORD Whereas the Distance Learning Centre Prospectus covers all aspects of the Distance Learning delivery in Ahmadu Bello University, the DLC B.Sc. Sociology Student Handbook is designed to give you an overview of the B.Sc. Sociology by Distance Learning in the Ahmadu Bello University. A Handbook of this nature is a must read for you. It provides useful information on the nature, orientation and scope of the B.Sc. Sociology programme as well as highlights the uniqueness of this delivery modality. As you opt for the distance learning mode to acquire a Bachelor of Science degree in Sociology, we shall strive to make your learning experience a memorable one. I urge you to commit, discipline and submit yourself to the demand of distance education. This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again, I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre iv

as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again, I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre iv ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) CONTENTS Copyright page ii Foreword iii Contents iv PART 1: General Information 1 1.1 Principal Officers of the University 3 1.2 Visitor, Principal Officers, Deans and Directors 4 1.4 Historical Perspective 7 1.5 Zaria. 9 1.6 Philosophy and Objectives of the University 10 1.7 University Administration 11 1.8 Faculties, Institutes, Centres and Schools 12 PART 2 Distance Learning Centre 14 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 E-Learning 2.3 Distance Learning Centre 15 2.4 Administration 18 2.5 Distance Learning Centre Academic Calendar 18 2.6 Programmes for Distance Learning Delivery 20 2.7 Deployment of Distance Learning Programmes 21 2.8 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery 22 2.9 ICT Infrastructure 24 2.10 Studying as a Distance Learner 24 2.11 Waiver and Deferment Guidelines 35 PART III B.Sc Sociology 41 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 42 1.0 Introduction 42 1.1 Preamble 42 1.2 DLC Law and Statute 42 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 42 v ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 2.0 Examination Venues 42 2.1 Nigerian Students 43 2.2 International Students 43 3.0 Preparation for Examinations 43 4.0 Administering Examinations 44 5.0 Appointment of External/Internal Moderators/ Examiners 46 6.0 General Examination Regulations 46 7.0 Consequences for Failing to Write Examinations 48 8.0 Academic Monitoring/Quality Assurance 48 9.0 Research Work and Project, Dissertation and Thesis management 49 10.0 Duties of Invigilators 49 11.0 Examination Malpractice 50 12.0 Sanctions 51 12.1 Offence by Students 51 11.2 Offences Involving Staff 52 13.0 Management of Examination Results 52 PART 3

Failing to Write Examinations 48 8.0 Academic Monitoring/Quality Assurance 48 9.0 Research Work and Project, Dissertation and Thesis management 49 10.0 Duties of Invigilators 49 11.0 Examination Malpractice 50 12.0 Sanctions 51 12.1 Offence by Students 51 11.2 Offences Involving Staff 52 13.0 Management of Examination Results 52 PART 3 B.Sc Sociology Course Structure and Information 54 3.1 Overview of the Programme 55 3.2 Objectives of Programme 57 3.3 Rationale for Updating Curriculum of the Study programme 58 3.4 Admission Requirements 58 3.4 Registration 59 3.5 Matriculation 60 3.6 Complaints and Counselling 60 3.7 Course Structure and Requirements for Graduation 61 3.8 Graduation 91 3.9 Examination Results 91 3.9 Classification of Degree 92 vi ABU DLC Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 1 PART I General Information ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 2 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 3 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Malam Adamu Fika, CFR Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Danladi A. Ameh Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 4 1.2 VISITOR, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEANS AND DIRECTORS Visitor: Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE,

Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vic- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 5 Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar Farouq Yaya Director, Directorate of University Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD)

Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 6 Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law: Dr. Salim Bashir Magashi Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of

Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 7 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded in Samaru, Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of

Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 8 technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institutionhas since inception been under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (1975-1978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (1986-1991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991-1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004-2009), Professor Abdullahi Mustapha (2009-2015), Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Prof.essor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000

Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Prof.essor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental re- organisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 9 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research

sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 10 Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 11 “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard required

political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 11 “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in- Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 12 The University Senate building 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 13 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 14 PART II Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 15 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in

Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 15 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 16 income by

an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 16 income by means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 17 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and e-Learning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading to the

ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 17 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and e-Learning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 18 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually

Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. 19 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferments ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 20 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. International Studies, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts,

regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. International Studies, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 21 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme

Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 22 The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of

of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of relevant Discussion questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 23 iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres xi. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 24 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student-student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common

facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student-student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common room. The Liaison Offices shall be administered by an Administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 25 corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will be working through specially prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills

where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills that would assist you in studying independently. A. Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 26 Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to

1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to read between the lines and beyond the lines; 5. You must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write well by imitating good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 27 iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are

(B.Sc. Sociology) 27 iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are reading. Therefore, you need the skill of note taking and note making. When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; 3. be consistent in note taking; 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will make study more appropriate and effective such as: 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 28 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose

Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 28 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while you are studying because notes may not be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 29 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing, drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active

what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. i. Start early To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact your first day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand-outs or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 30 taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials to learn for examinations. v. Revise Revise for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the

before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You are learning the ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 31 facts for the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the

time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen ABU

are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 32 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well- focused conclusion. ABU Distance

on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well- focused conclusion. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 33 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 34 During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words

italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 34 During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. i. Read and fully understand the examination regulations ii.. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 9. Neatness, legible handwriting

work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 35 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment Application is abudlc.edu.ng. 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be made at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 36 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration

applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be made at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 36 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 37 - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester – whichever is more convenient for you. - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi,

present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 38 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still

to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e- tutors shall be made available to you. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 39 - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: -

our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 40 - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established

with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 41 PART III B.Sc Sociology ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 42 APPENDIX 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PREAMBLE The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. 1.2 DLC LAW AND STATUTE The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment

that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. 1.2 DLC LAW AND STATUTE The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3JUSTIFICATION FOR DLC EXAMINATION POLICY 1. The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 43 shall be supervised examinations as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 NIGERIAN STUDENTS Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for

examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 NIGERIAN STUDENTS Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 44 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7.

semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. 4.0 ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 45 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three (3) semester in every session. 4. Examination timelines: a) All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e-tutors within four weeks of the semester. b) All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c) All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d) A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however

developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 46 recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre

for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour after the examination has started shall not be allowed to ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 47 participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any

of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 48 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in

provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 49 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESIS MANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1

projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 50 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism

in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 51 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 OFFENCE BY STUDENTS (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: 1. Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination 2. Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. 3. Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. 4. Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. 5. Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. 6. Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. 7. Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. 8. Willful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. 9. Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. 10. Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences

note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. 9. Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. 10. Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session i) Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 52 ii) Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. iii) Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) iv) If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. v) Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. vi) Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations vii) Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. 12.2 OFFENCES INVOLVING STAFF 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. 2. Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic

examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 53 2. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. 5. Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 54 PART III B.Sc Sociology Course Structure and Information ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 55 3.1 OVERVIEW OF THE PROGRAMME The Department of Sociology, Ahmadu Bello University was established in 1967. It has since then, in its teaching and research activities, distinguished itself by its conscious policy of Africanization. The first set of three students graduated in June 1970. The department students' intake has continued to expand to a level where the department is now graduating on the average between 100 and 150 students every year at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. But as a result of the increase in population the demand for enrollment in school became higher, and this also increases the number of candidates seeking admission into sociology department. This is one of the reasons why many were denied admission, Limited space and shortage of personal etc. Open and Distance Learning

a result of the increase in population the demand for enrollment in school became higher, and this also increases the number of candidates seeking admission into sociology department. This is one of the reasons why many were denied admission, Limited space and shortage of personal etc. Open and Distance Learning (ODL) has offered access to many people who would have previously been denied access to educational opportunities based on where they live and work, poor-economic circumstances, social status etc. Open and Distance Learning remains the primary mechanism for the information-driven age, a tool that has bridged the gap between developed and developing communities. As earlier stated in the previous chapter. The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus-based programmes”.(B.Sc Sociology), respectively. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 56 Although the initial focus was to train high level manpower to fill the administrative, personnel and social welfare arms of the public sector, the department later broadened its curriculum to include courses designed to produce graduates who would fit into a broader spectrum of jobs in the civil service (Federal, State and Local), the parastatals, para-military organizations (e.g. police, customs, prisons, immigration, road safety corps etc) tertiary institutions, research institutes, private companies and corporations, media, organizations, non-governmental organizations and international agencies. 3.1.1 Philosophy of the programme The broad philosophy of the Department right

of jobs in the civil service (Federal, State and Local), the parastatals, para-military organizations (e.g. police, customs, prisons, immigration, road safety corps etc) tertiary institutions, research institutes, private companies and corporations, media, organizations, non-governmental organizations and international agencies. 3.1.1 Philosophy of the programme The broad philosophy of the Department right from inception has revolved around the production of knowledge which is functional and problem- oriented, in terms of correctly reflecting Nigeria and African social reality, in terms of not accepting situations and concepts without logical and mature analysis. This philosophy has informed the curriculum of the department which has centred around: a) A conscious re-orientation and "indigenization" of course structure and content to ensure the teaching of concepts, theories and models relevant to the African situation as opposed to the wholesale importation of western theories and models. b) The expansion of course offerings to encompass as many areas of specialization as are needed to address the needs and realities of Nigeria rapidly changing and complex developing society. c) The creative engagement of the students in intellectual discussions and debates, as well as in the generation of knowledge through research project and theses which support the department's teaching programme which lessens ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 57 over dependence of Euro-American teaching materials. In the light of this philosophy, the department's programme has evolved: 1. A vigorous and problem-oriented teaching programmer 2. Conscious and systematic research component geared towards investigating, analyzing and proffering solutions to the service of the wider society through community and consultancy services. 3.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME In the light of the philosophical orientation, the broad objective of the department is to train sociologists with a thorough grasp of the concepts, methods and theories of the discipline as a means of attaining a critical understanding

wider society through community and consultancy services. 3.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME In the light of the philosophical orientation, the broad objective of the department is to train sociologists with a thorough grasp of the concepts, methods and theories of the discipline as a means of attaining a critical understanding of Nigerian Society from the past to the present, understanding how and why the society functions the way it does and being able to proffer ideas and suggestions as to what, in the light of the country's experience and the experience of other societies, might be done to improve the conditions of the people of Nigeria in particular, and Africa in general. These objectives are achieved through the following specific orientations: a) Encouraging students to learn to match theory with reality in a critical way - irrespective of gender, race, location and in flexible manner. b) Incorporating into the departmental teaching programme, practical components such as field trips, practical projects, observational visits to places like police stations, prisons and juvenile institutions, ministries and parastatals, private companies, mental asylums, rehabilitation homes, industries, non-governmental organizations where indents familiarize themselves with the I'm heal ramifications of the issues and problems they learn in class. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 58 c) Students are required to write a project to demonstrate their understanding of issues in any area of their choice enumerated in (b) individually. 3.3 RATIONALE FOR UPDATING CURRICULUM OF THE STUDY PROGRAMME Human society is dynamic in structure, norms and values. Changes have therefore occurred in various parts of the world and in Nigeria in particular since the previous curriculum of study was developed. Of special note from the global perspective are the collapse of the socialist ideology, the coming to limelight of the principles of globalization and the increasing

values. Changes have therefore occurred in various parts of the world and in Nigeria in particular since the previous curriculum of study was developed. Of special note from the global perspective are the collapse of the socialist ideology, the coming to limelight of the principles of globalization and the increasing menace of environmental degradation which is mainly due to population increase. With specific reference to Nigeria, the country has returned to democratic governance but bedeviled with violent ethno-religious conflicts, high rate of unemployment and other social problems. The new curriculum is a concerted effort to include these nascent/emerging issues in the courses of the Department to better enlighten the students on the contemporary Nigerian society. This will help them keep abreast with the trend of changes in the society. 3.4 ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR B.Sc. SOCIOLOGY: 3.4.1 General Requirements All candidates to be admitted into the B.Sc. degree in Sociology programme must possess five (5) O’level credits in English Language, Mathematics, Economics, Government/History and any other two (2) credits in social sciences or Art subject in the SSCE, WASC, NECO, NABTEB at not more than two (2) sittings. Such as Civic Education, Geography, Literature in English, etc. At UTME level, candidates must write Government, Economic or History, English language and any other social sciences or art subject. The ‘A’ Level subject for ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 59 Direct Entry candidates must include Government/History and Economics. 3.5 REGISTRATION 3.5.1 Registration Requirements Registration of students who are offered provisional admission to study B.Sc Sociology in ABU DLC,is conducted in decentralized locations recommended by DLC management and lasts for two to three weeks. At the venue of the registration exercise, the registration officer will check and ensure that the name and the registration number presented by the applicant correspond with the

to study B.Sc Sociology in ABU DLC,is conducted in decentralized locations recommended by DLC management and lasts for two to three weeks. At the venue of the registration exercise, the registration officer will check and ensure that the name and the registration number presented by the applicant correspond with the one on the admission list before asking the candidate to show his or her original copies of the following credentials: i. Academic certificates (SSCE O/Level, A/Level, UME score, etc) to confirm that the student fulfils the admission requirements. ii. Local Government Area of Origin declaration iii. Valid travelling documents and residence permit (if a foreigner) iv. Birth certificate or Age declaration form 3.5.2 Registration details Registration for fresh students in B.Sc Sociology programme shall be guided by ABU DLC method of online delivery. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of course materials; face to face interaction as well as an online interactive component. However, students are required to note the following: 1. All core courses for a semester/session must be registered before considering taken an elective courses 2. Students will be given the opportunity to choose electives to make up or add to their credit units for a ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 60 semester/session where necessary before his/her courses are uploaded. Hence students are advice to choose their electives within their faculty for easy compilation of results. 3. The minimum credit units to register in a semester is 15 and a maximum of 24 4. It is mandatory for fresh 200 level sociology students to register all the 100 core courses. 3.6 MATRICULATION All students admitted into Distance Learning Center for the first time (100 level or 200 level) are required

units to register in a semester is 15 and a maximum of 24 4. It is mandatory for fresh 200 level sociology students to register all the 100 core courses. 3.6 MATRICULATION All students admitted into Distance Learning Center for the first time (100 level or 200 level) are required to matriculate just as their on campus counterparts. The students matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the vice-chancellor and the Director Distance Learning Center. The Director shall clearly spell out the core values, in terms of the mission and vision of the DLC to the students. 3.7 COMPLAINT AND COUNSELLING The complaint and counseling committee shall assist students with both academic and personal matters where possible. The guidance and counseling unit assist student with issues relating to registration, examination, general academic issues and personal matter. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 61 3.8 COURSE STRUCTURE AND REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATION 2.0 Description of Undergraduate Courses in Sociology Programme Code/ Status Title Course Descriptions Remarks/ Rationale 100 LEVEL SI 1 Semester SOLG 101 (Core) Introduction to Sociology I This involves the presentation of the elementary concepts and descriptive materials of sociology illustratively in order to make them part of the students' working vocabulary and tools for identifying and understanding the workings of society. Historical emergence, founding fathers, basic concepts and descriptive materials constitute key components of the course 3 Credit Units SOLG 103 (Core) Introduction to Anthropology The delineation and description of the four main areas of anthropology, (social/cultural anthropology, physical anthropology, archaeology and linguistics) is followed by a focus on human evolution, cultural development and institutions of society. 3 Credit Units SOLG 105 (Core) Introduction to Psychology The subject matter, basic concepts and methods of psychology are introduced. A simple discussion of theories of learning, motivation, personality, perception

anthropology, physical anthropology, archaeology and linguistics) is followed by a focus on human evolution, cultural development and institutions of society. 3 Credit Units SOLG 105 (Core) Introduction to Psychology The subject matter, basic concepts and methods of psychology are introduced. A simple discussion of theories of learning, motivation, personality, perception etc, is intended to familiarize the student with the relevance and 3 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 62 application of psychology in everyday life. SOLG 107 (Core) Introduction to African Societies and Cultures The study and criticism of ethnographic descriptions of African societies, people and their cultures, both as scientific reporting and as a literary art form. A survey of African societies and cultures in contemporary setting; the cultural regions, social organization, language, polity, economy and world views 3 Credit Units Gens 101 (Core) Nationalism 1 Credit Unit Gens 103 (Core) English and Communica tion Skill 2 Credit Units 2nd 100 Level 2 Semester SOLG 102 (Core) Introduction to Sociology II Building on the foundation established in SOLG 101, the course demonstrates the linkage between the concepts and concrete social organizations by focusing on the problematic of the relationship between the individual and the collective: 3 Credit Units SOLG 104 (Core) Nigerian Heritage The course introduces the implications of the origin, evolution, nature and transformation of Nigeria's social and economic structures for a proper understanding of 3 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 63 contemporary socio-economic and political issues in the country. SOLG 106 (Core) Element of Scientific Thought This course however, will look at areas such as factors that give raise to science, history of science, basic assumption of science, methods of gaining knowledge, the role of imagination, scientific revolution, elements of science such as variable, hypotheses, theory, characteristics of science, claim

106 (Core) Element of Scientific Thought This course however, will look at areas such as factors that give raise to science, history of science, basic assumption of science, methods of gaining knowledge, the role of imagination, scientific revolution, elements of science such as variable, hypotheses, theory, characteristics of science, claim of social science as science and why we need social science, qualities of a good researcher and ethical issues in research etc. 3 Credit Units Gens 104 (Elective) History and Philosophy of Science I Credit Unit Gens 112 (Core) Logic, Philosophy and Human Existence A brief survey of the main branches of Philosophy; Symbolic logic; Special symbols in symbolic logic- conjunction, negation, affirmation, disjunction, equivalent and conditional statements, law of tort. The method of deduction using rules of inference and bi- conditionals, qualification theory. Types of discourse, nature or arguments, validity and soundness, techniques for evaluating arguments, distinction between inductive and deductive inferences; etc. 1Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 64 1st Semester 200 level SOLO 201 (Core) History of Social Thought An introduction to the main contributors to social thought and to the rise and development of modern sociology; including historical background (both Western and Islamic), modern classical sociologists and contemporary African theories about society. 3Credit Units SOLG 203 (Core) Structure of the Nigerian Society This course involves the study of traditional Nigerian societies and cultures, their pristine pre-colonial features and the forms in which they survived the onslaught of colonialism 3Credit Units SOLG 205 (Core) Social Statistics This is an introduction to the basic techniques for processing quantitative data in the social sciences and the understanding /interpretation of statistical reports using materials drawn from studies conducted locally. 3Credit Units SOLG 207 (Elective) Sociology of the Family The process of development, especially the efforts to focus

Social Statistics This is an introduction to the basic techniques for processing quantitative data in the social sciences and the understanding /interpretation of statistical reports using materials drawn from studies conducted locally. 3Credit Units SOLG 207 (Elective) Sociology of the Family The process of development, especially the efforts to focus on individual/corporate ownership of property creates problems in communities where resources such as land, rivers, forests, etc had been initially regarded as communal resources. The development process also affects the norms and values that have held societies 3Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 65 together. The course therefore delves into the problems created by efforts by government, religious and other organization to introduce changes among indigenous/pristine peoples in the pursuit of development in particular. SOLG 209 (Core) Language; in Society and Culture An examination of the social and cultural functions of language with particular reference to Nigeria and other West African societies. Language and societal development, language problems of new states and Language policy are explored. 3 Credit Units SOLG 211 (Elective) Sociology of Mass Communication The course introduces students to the historical development of the print, radio and TV as media of communication. Their roles are examined across the socialist and capitalist ideologies. The philosophical orientation of each system is linked to its media system to demonstrate the influence of ideology on a country's media. 3 Credit Units SOLG 213 (Elective) The Military and the State An introductory study from a social science perspective of the military as rulers, law makers and law appliers. The role of the military in national and international policies, with special 3 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 66 attention to theories of war and peace. Civil- military relations; the military and the political development of Africa and

military as rulers, law makers and law appliers. The role of the military in national and international policies, with special 3 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 66 attention to theories of war and peace. Civil- military relations; the military and the political development of Africa and the non-military uses of the military, are taught. SOLG 215 (Core) Sociology of knowledge, science and technology The course expose students to how science and technology affect our behaviour. Change our mine set and make us accept the modern world. You will be thought on the Methods of gaining scientific knowledge. and how to differentiate between African indigenous knowledge and Scientific thinking and reasoning. The relationship between science and technology and the Differences between explicit and implicit knowledge. Also you shall be coach on Approaches to Knowledge and ways of knowing, 2nd Semester 200 Level SOLG 202 (Core) Social Psychology The course examines the general principles underlying the adaptive and behavioural responses of individuals to social stimuli and the effects of these on the individual. The focus is primarily on socialization, personality development, motives, attitudes and communication processes. 3 Credit Units SOLG 204 (Core) Sociology of Ageing t The age structure of the population of Nigeria is changing. With a total fertility of more than five children and an increasing 3 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 67 life expectancy, these imply an impending high dependency ratio. This portends a problem for the elderly in Nigerian societies that will continue to increase in number. The traditional institutions, such as the extended family, age grades and other groups that used £o take care of the elderly in Nigerian societies are fast fading away. The governmental social services for the elderly are yet to take firm roots. This course

that will continue to increase in number. The traditional institutions, such as the extended family, age grades and other groups that used £o take care of the elderly in Nigerian societies are fast fading away. The governmental social services for the elderly are yet to take firm roots. This course therefore enlightens students about ageing, its social implications and the impending social problems that it will pose in Nigeria and how to plan to mitigate such problems. SOLG 206 (Elective) Social Change Theoretical perspectives; institutional analysis of the phenomenon of social change; concept of moderni- zation; social change in Africa; and, theories of social problem resulting from social change constitute the foci of this course 3 Credit Units SOLG 208 (Elective) Women in Society Beginning with a world survey of women's situations, the course focuses on various aspects of women's conditions in Africa and Nigeria in a variety of situations especially in agriculture, the labour market, the mass media, culture, religion, law and education. 3 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 68 SOLG 2 10 (Core) Sociology of Education » The institution of education imparts knowledge for individuals on how to be integrated into their respective societies. With formal institutions taking over the socialization process, this course explores the conflict between the traditional and modern forms of education. Access to and performances in schools in the developing countries in particular are 3 Credit Units Explored. GENS 202 (Core) Entrepreneur- ship and Innovation The course intends to inspire the entrepreneurial spirit in the students, help them gain an understanding of the challenges of the start-up process in developing their own business plans; The course exposes students to [he complex landscape entrepreneurship, strategies of setting up and execuling business plans, ensuring its sustainable growth, and development. By the end

the entrepreneurial spirit in the students, help them gain an understanding of the challenges of the start-up process in developing their own business plans; The course exposes students to [he complex landscape entrepreneurship, strategies of setting up and execuling business plans, ensuring its sustainable growth, and development. By the end of this course, students would have been equipped with the intellectual/cognitive skills, passions, leadership skills and networks required for building successful small scale enterprises of their own. 2 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 69 GENS 224 (Elective) Leadership Skills In this course, you’ll be given information to help you start building your leadership skills immediately. You will be given specific tools and tips so that you’ll be able to take what you learn and will be able to apply it the moment you are done reading. If you do, you will be amazed at how quickly you can improve your leadership abilities. You’ll start to see those around you react to you differently. You’ll find that work can be a more pleasant place to be and that you truly can lead others on to their own success. 1 Credit Units 1stSemester 300 Level SOLO 30 1 (Core) Methods of Social Research The nature and importance of social research are explained. The formulation of research problem is demonstrated. These arc followed by discussions of the various methods of generating data and processing them. The course is intended to ground students in the logic of the scientific approach J Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 70 SOLO 303 (Core) Social Inequality and Stratification Analysis of forms and functions of social inequality; theories concerning the origins, persistence and consequences of systems of social stratification; types of social mobility and their impact on stratified structures; social inequality

J Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 70 SOLO 303 (Core) Social Inequality and Stratification Analysis of forms and functions of social inequality; theories concerning the origins, persistence and consequences of systems of social stratification; types of social mobility and their impact on stratified structures; social inequality and social problems in Nigeria are the main issues taught in this course. 3 Credit Units SOLO 305 (Core) Classical Sociological Theory I The course explores the social forces and ideas that informed the early movements in thought which culminated in the enlightenment philosophy as the background to the development of sociological thought. 3 Credit Units SOLO 307 (Elective) Political Sociology The course examines the political impact of the specific forms of economic, social, cultural, religious and military structures and their articulation within historically determined social formations. Attention is paid to the 3 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 71 concepts of power, legitimacy, authority and class, mode of ' production, ideology and state. SOLO 309 (Eiective) Sociology of Health and Illness Behaviour An introduction to concepts and social aspects of health, illness and treatment in different African societies with particular emphasis on Nigerian cultures. Interactions between folk and modern medicine; the delivery of health care as a social problem; the social structure of traditional versus modem health care delivery and their respective impacts are emphasized in this course. 3 Credit Units SOLO 311 (Elective) Introduction to Demography . An examination of the nature and scope of demography, the sources and uses of demographic data, population theories and the major components of population change are discussed. 3 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 72 SOLG313 (Elective) Economy and Society The course deals with issues and problems concerning the structure of the Nigerian economy and

demography, the sources and uses of demographic data, population theories and the major components of population change are discussed. 3 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 72 SOLG313 (Elective) Economy and Society The course deals with issues and problems concerning the structure of the Nigerian economy and the imbalances between the various sectors consequent upon the incorporation and transformation of the economy by colonialism and their effects on national development. 3 Credit Units SOLO 315 (Elective) Introduction to Urban Sociology The course is an analysis of the characters and forms of cities, their population characteristics, problems and structures. Urbanization is also examined historically using global examples. 3 Credit Units SOLO 3 17 (Elective) Formal Organizations » Within the framework of the political economy of organizations, the course address issues of class and gender relations, work, power and control, as well as bureaucracy, professional ization and industrial democracy in organizations. 3 Credit Units SOLG319 (Elective) Social Work and Social Problems The Course will acquaint students with the basic concepts, principles, theories, and practice of 3 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 73 social work and advocacy. It will also expose students to the practical application of social work in various institutions within the context of various socio- cultural milieux. SOLG321 (Elective) Sociology of Crime and Delinquency The historical development of the subject and its theories puts into perspective the relative nature of social deviance and social control, and highlights the socio-economic and political contexts of crime and criminal law. 3 Credit Units 2nd Semester 300 level SOLO 302 (Core) Classical Sociological Theory ii this course focuses on and examines the emergence Sociological of sociology from the founding fathers till the end of positivistic organicism and the rise of the conflict theory in the 19 century

crime and criminal law. 3 Credit Units 2nd Semester 300 level SOLO 302 (Core) Classical Sociological Theory ii this course focuses on and examines the emergence Sociological of sociology from the founding fathers till the end of positivistic organicism and the rise of the conflict theory in the 19 century SOLG 304 Sociology of Law and legal institut discussed as part of th order. It 3 Credit (Elective) Law focuses on their social, po economic contexts to p critical understanding of Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 74 social phenomenon. SOGL 306 (Elective) Sociology of Religion The course introduces students to the major sociological perspectives of religion on the one hand, and on the other, the various religious world views as exhibited by the major world religions. Part one of the course examines the issue of religion in both classical and contemporary sociological theory, while pan two examines the various ontological and episternological assumptions and orientations of the major religions of the world. The empirical emphasis will be on religion and the Nigerian societies. 3 Credit SOLG 308 (Elective) Rural Sociology A discussion of the general features of rural societies and rural life is followed by an examination of rural development projects and processes. The historical and structural contexts, within which these processes are 3 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 75 conceived and executed, are focused on. SOLG 3 10 (Elective) Inter-group Relations Distinct groups, based on various criteria such as religion, ethnicity, economic interests and territories etc, continue to exist/emerge in human societies. This course enlightens students on the relationships between such groups, such as competition, cooperation and conflict among others. The consequences of such relationships on society are discussed. 2 Credit Units SOLG 3 12 (Elective) Population and Environment Incessant population growth

interests and territories etc, continue to exist/emerge in human societies. This course enlightens students on the relationships between such groups, such as competition, cooperation and conflict among others. The consequences of such relationships on society are discussed. 2 Credit Units SOLG 3 12 (Elective) Population and Environment Incessant population growth vis-a-vis the Malthusian Theory of population outpacing resources needed for survival pose threat to him is society. Added to these are the issues of harmful effects of the non-judicious use of the resources. These will be the subject of study in this course 3 Credit Units SOLO 314 (Elective) Military Sociology The military, whose primary function is to manage external 3 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 76 aggression, often seizes power in the developing countries. They also engage in other civil activities. This course therefore seeks to evaluate the purpose and performance of the military both within and outside their statutory roles. SOLO 316 (Elective) Sociology of Non-violent Change The existence of peaceful relationships between groups, classes, races, nations and international blocks is considered desirable. This conforms to the notion of the just society and its significance for a peaceful social order. However, this ideal is often obliterated by violent conflicts which set back achievements that have already been made. This course therefore focuses on how to effect changes through non-violent means such as consultations, negotiations etc in 3 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 77 situations of conflict. The evolutionary form of change will also be taught. SOLG 318 (Elective) Forensic Sociology This course is an introduction to the sociological study of initial crime scene investigations by law enforcement agencies, attorneys, forensic science experts and social work professionals. Disputes over scientific evidence involve sociological questions such as who should bear the consequences

change will also be taught. SOLG 318 (Elective) Forensic Sociology This course is an introduction to the sociological study of initial crime scene investigations by law enforcement agencies, attorneys, forensic science experts and social work professionals. Disputes over scientific evidence involve sociological questions such as who should bear the consequences of uncertain conclusions by a jury or forensic science experts. Students are taught the rudiments of the different roles within forensic science. The course, explores the similarities between sociological methods and crime scene investigation by examining how isolated and seemingly random pieces of data are organized into a 3 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 78 logical/coherent set of events to Reconstruct the events that had taken place. SOLG 320 (Elective) Industrial Sociology The processes of Industrialization and the nature of industrial societies are discussed followed by an examination of the theoretical perspectives on industrialization using empirical materials drawn from capitalist, socialist and peripheral societies 2 Credit Units St 1 Semester 400 Level SOLG 401 Core Contemporary Sociology Theories Contemporary anthropological and sociological theories and methodology are discussed with a focus on structural functional! sin, conflict, symbolic interact! onism and phenomcnological theories at both the macro and micro level 3 Credit Units SOLG 403 Core Models in Sociological Analysis The course is built around two complementary issues: (a) What types of explanations are used in sociology, and (b) What 3 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 79 types of data are used in constructing explanations in sociology. The aim is to provide the student with, the ability to apply the appropriate sociological approach to any empirical issue from these two view points, e.g.: (i) is the chosen model of explanation adequate, and (ii) is the purported explanation adequate in terms of the chosen mode!?

explanations in sociology. The aim is to provide the student with, the ability to apply the appropriate sociological approach to any empirical issue from these two view points, e.g.: (i) is the chosen model of explanation adequate, and (ii) is the purported explanation adequate in terms of the chosen mode!? SOLG 405 (Core) Ethnography of Sub- Saharan Africa 5 The course is an advanced study of sub-Saharan Africa as a major ethnological region; Human origins and the early man; physical anthropology and archaeology; race and racism. The cultural regions of Africa; language and population migration in history, peoples and cultures of Africa are explored. 3 Credit Units SOLG 407 (Elective) Sociology of the Third World The decolonization and the emergence of the Third World; the characteristics of Third World peoples; their cultural profiles; the North- South interaction and the inherent conflicts constitute the foci of lectures in this course. 3 Credit Units SOLG 409 (Elective) Urbanization and Labour Migration The Course deals with phenomenon of urban growth in various parts of 3 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 80 the world; Various forms of labour migration; theories and economics of labour migration and characteristics of Nigerian cities. SOLG 4 11 (Elective) Industrial Relation in Nigeria The nature and evolution of industrial organizations from the cradle to the modern bureaucratic model is discussed. This is followed by an examination of formal industrial relations through a study of trade unions, collective bargaining, wage determination, etc. 3 Credit Units SOLG 4 13 Child The aim of this course is to expose the student to the physical, psychological 3 Credit (Elective) Development and emotional development of human beings from birth to the end of adolescence. The optimal development of children is considered vital to society. It is therefore important to understand

4 13 Child The aim of this course is to expose the student to the physical, psychological 3 Credit (Elective) Development and emotional development of human beings from birth to the end of adolescence. The optimal development of children is considered vital to society. It is therefore important to understand the social, cognitive, emotional and educational milieu in which the child grows. Students will be exposed to concepts and theories of child development. Factors that affect optimal child development such as malfunctioning families and educational systems in particular will be brought to limelight. Units SOLG 415 (Elective) Sociology of Deviant Behaviour The course is aimed at exposing the student to basic concepts of criminological studies. Issues to be addressed include the meanings of deviant behavior, the relative nature of 3 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 81 deviancy, and the manifestations/typologies of deviant behaviours and the effect of deviancy on the individual, group and the society in general. The various explanations of deviant behaviors in the society are also examined. The student is also exposed to the sources, uses and limitations of the measuring instrument of deviancy in the society SOLG 417 (Elective) Sociology of Medicine Medicine, one of the most pervasive social institutions, is still practiced at both the folk and professional levels. This results in diverse and even conflicting philosophies, beliefs and practices in the quest for interventions and remedies for maintaining health and treating ailments across human societies. This course therefore seeks to enlighten students on the various forms of medical beliefs, philosophies, practitioners and practices in cross- cultural perspective. The professional sub-divisions within it, the forms of cooperation and conflicts within modern medicine, the sub-divisions of the profession will be explored. The tendency for the modem medical institution to intrude 3 Credit Units

students on the various forms of medical beliefs, philosophies, practitioners and practices in cross- cultural perspective. The professional sub-divisions within it, the forms of cooperation and conflicts within modern medicine, the sub-divisions of the profession will be explored. The tendency for the modem medical institution to intrude 3 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 82 into and dominate in the domains of other social institutions will be an integral part of the course. SOLG 419 (Elective) Environmental Sociology The nexus of the physical and ocial! Environments play crucial roles for human survival. This course enlightens students on the necessity for sustainable use of the elements of environment for the current and upcoming generations. The course explores the Nigerian situations especially in the light of changes brought about by environmental degradation and the forms of adjustments people adopt in coping with the emerging problems. 3 Credit Units 2nd Semester 400 Level SOLG 400 (Core) Research Project This course requires students to design and carry out an original piece of sociological research of their own choice under the supervision of a lecturer. 6 Credit Units SOLG 402 (Core) Current Trends in Sociological Theory The course examines current trends in sociological literature/theories and critically assesses the relevance and application of the various theories and methodologies to the analysis of African social life/reality generally and in 3 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 83 particular, social developments in Nigeria. SOLG 406 (Elective) Sociology of Development * Theories of development; socio- economic analysis of the concept of development, and of its relation to growth. The impact of colonial policies the social implications of development, its effects on society, family structure and post- independence international conditions are taught. 3 Credit Units SOLG 408 (Elective) Healthcare in Developing Countries The course

development; socio- economic analysis of the concept of development, and of its relation to growth. The impact of colonial policies the social implications of development, its effects on society, family structure and post- independence international conditions are taught. 3 Credit Units SOLG 408 (Elective) Healthcare in Developing Countries The course addresses problems of healthcare delivery and the health status of people in developing countries. It highlights the influence of poverty, ignorance and various beliefs on these. Analysis of the socio-political factors affecting the functioning of the healthcare systems is undertaken. 3 Credit Units SOLG 410 (Elective) Sociology of Decolonization The colonization of various people in the world made very significant impact on their psyches and material development. This course examines the process, forms strategies and effects of efforts made by the colonized peoples to throw off the yoke of colonization. 3 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 84 SOLG 412 (Elective) Women and Development The course examines major theories (development and feminist) and practice of development in relation to the roles of women. It considers women's roles in agricultural production and economic development/access to services and resources, women in the informal and formal labour sectors, women and migration (both rural and urban); women and education and training; women and health and nutrition, women and the family, political and historical aspects of development and women's status; development planning (both general and specific to women); research methodologies and priorities in development; and case studies of women organizations and development; trends up till the Beijing conference. 3 Credit Units SOLG 414 (Elective) Personality and Motivation The course teaches major issues in personality and motivation including theory and practice of personality measurement; the structure of personality and relationship between personality and psychopathology. 3 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc.

trends up till the Beijing conference. 3 Credit Units SOLG 414 (Elective) Personality and Motivation The course teaches major issues in personality and motivation including theory and practice of personality measurement; the structure of personality and relationship between personality and psychopathology. 3 Credit Units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 85 SOLG 416 (Elective) Theories of Imperialism Theories of imperialism will be studied within the general framework of organized domination and exploitation. Although some attention will be paid to the ancient imperialisms of China, India, Egypt, Rome, South and West Africa, the central focus will be on modern imperialism, specifically capitalist European domination of Africa. Asia and Latin America. The theories of Marx. Hobson, Lenin, Bukharin, Schurnpcter, Nkrurnah, Fanon and Cabral will be highlighted 3 Credit Units SOLG 418 (Elective Applied Demography The course teaches an overview of basic demographic principles and measures, covering the material of basic demographic techniques, data collection and describing the inter- relationships of demography with other sub-fields, social and economic problems. One very valuable feature of this course material is the extensive list of suggested readings at the end of each Module. These readings are useful for the student as a way to extend the ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 86 information provided in the text. SOLG 420 Culture and Communication The course is based on the links between two intellectual premises: our cultural assumptions inform and shape our ability to communicate; and communication is the process through which culture is created, modified, and challenged. To better understand the relationship between these two ideas, you’ll study communicative and cultural practice from a wide variety of perspectives from across the study park. 2.1 The Course Structure of Departmental Courses UNDERGRADUATE COURSES Course Code Course Title Contact Hours Credit Unit Course Status Rationale/ Remark

modified, and challenged. To better understand the relationship between these two ideas, you’ll study communicative and cultural practice from a wide variety of perspectives from across the study park. 2.1 The Course Structure of Departmental Courses UNDERGRADUATE COURSES Course Code Course Title Contact Hours Credit Unit Course Status Rationale/ Remark Lectures per Semester Studio Lab. 100 Level 1s' Semester SOLG 101 Introductio n to Sociology I 45 3 - 3 Core SOLG 103 Introductio n to Anthropolo gy 45 3 - 3 Core SOLG 105 Introductio n to Psychology 45 3 - 3 Core ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 87 SOLG 107 Introductio n to African Societies and Cultures 45 3 - 3 Core New GENS 101 Nationalism 15 1 - 1 Core GENS 103 English and Communic ation Skills 15 1 - 2 Core 100 Level 2nd Semester SOLG 102 Introductio n to Sociology i 45 3 - 3 Core SOLG 104 Nigerian Heritage 45 3 - 3 Core New SOLG 106 Element of scientific thought 45 3 - 3 Core NS 104 History and Philosophy of Science 15 1 1 Elective Gens 112 (Core) Logic, Philosophy and Human Existence 15 1 1 Core 200 Level 1sc Semester SOLG 201 History of Social Thought 45 3 - 3 Core SOLG 203 Structure of the Nigerian Society 45 3 - 3 Core SOLG 205 Social Statistics 45 3 - 3 Core SOLG 207 Sociology of the Family 45 3 - 3 Elective SOLG 209 Language in Society and Culture 45 3 - 3 Core New SOLG 211 Sociology of Mass Communication 45 3 - 3 Elective New ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 88 SOLG 2 13 The Military and the State 45 3 - 3 Elective New SOLG 215 Sociology of Knowledge and technology 45 3

Culture 45 3 - 3 Core New SOLG 211 Sociology of Mass Communication 45 3 - 3 Elective New ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 88 SOLG 2 13 The Military and the State 45 3 - 3 Elective New SOLG 215 Sociology of Knowledge and technology 45 3 - 3 Core New 200 Level 2nd Semester SOLG 202 Social Psychology 45 1 • 3 Core SOLG 204 Sociology of Ageing 45 3 - 3 Core New SOLG 206 Technology and Social Change 45 3 - 3 Elective SOLG 208 Women in Society 45 3 - 3 Elective SOLG 210 Social Change 45 3 - 3 Core New SOLG 2 12 Sociology of Education 45 3 - 3 Elective New GENS 202 Entrepreneurship and Innovation 30 2 - 2 Core New GENS 224 Leadership Skills 15 1 - 1 Elective 300 Level 1s1 Semester SOLG 301 Methods of Social Research 45 3 - 3 Core SOLG 303 Social Inequality and Stratification 45 3 - 3 Core New SOLG 305 Classical Sociological Theory 1 45 3 - 3 Core SOLG 307 Political Sociology 45 3 - 3 Elective SOLG 309 Sociology of Health and Illness Behaviour 45 3 - 3 Elective SOLG 3 11 Demography 45 3 - 3 Elective SOLG 3 13 Economy and Society 45 3 - 3 Elective SOLG 3 15 Introduction to Urban Sociology 45 3 - 3 Elective ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 89 SOLG 3 17 Formal Organizations 45 3 - 3 Elective SOLG 3 19 Social Work and Social Problems 45 3 - 3 Elective New SOLG 321 Sociology of Crime and Delinquency 45 3 - 3 Elective 300 Level 2nd Semester SOLG 302 Classical Sociological Theory II 45 3 - 3 Core SOLG 304 Sociology of Law 45 3 -

Elective SOLG 3 19 Social Work and Social Problems 45 3 - 3 Elective New SOLG 321 Sociology of Crime and Delinquency 45 3 - 3 Elective 300 Level 2nd Semester SOLG 302 Classical Sociological Theory II 45 3 - 3 Core SOLG 304 Sociology of Law 45 3 - 3 Elective SOGL 306 Sociology of Religion 45 3 - Elective New SOLG 308 Rural Sociology 45 3 - 3 Elective SOLG 3 10 Inter-group Relations 45 3 - 3 Elective New SOLG 3 12 Population and Environment 45 3 - 3 Elective New SOLG 3 14 Military Sociology 45 3 - 3 Elective New SOLG 3 16 Sociology of Nonviolent Change 45 3 - 3 Elective New SOLG 3 18 Forensic Sociology 45 3 - 3 Elective New SOLG 320 Industrial Sociology 45 3 - 3 Elective GENS 302 Business Creation and Growth 45 3 - 2 Core New 400 Level 1st Semester SOLG 401 Contemporary Sociological Theories 45 3 - 3 Core SOLG 403 Models in Sociological Analysis 45 3 - 3 Core ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 90 SOLG 405 Ethnography of Sub-Saharan African 45 3 - 3 Core New SOLG 407 Sociology of the Third World 45 3 - 3 Elective New SOLG 409 Urbanization and Labour Migration 45 3 - 3 Elective New SOLG 411 Industrial Relations in Nigeria 45 3 - 3 Elective SOLG 413 Child Development 45 3 - 3 Elective New SOLG4I5 Sociology of Deviant Behaviour 45 3 - 3 Elective SOLG 417 Sociology of Medicine 45 3 - 3 Elective SOLG 41 9 Environmental Sociology 45 3 - 3 Elective New 400 Level 2nd Semester SOLG 400 Research Project 45 6 - 6 Core SOLG 402 Current Trends in Sociological Theory 45 3 - 3 Core SOLG 404 Urbanization

Elective SOLG 417 Sociology of Medicine 45 3 - 3 Elective SOLG 41 9 Environmental Sociology 45 3 - 3 Elective New 400 Level 2nd Semester SOLG 400 Research Project 45 6 - 6 Core SOLG 402 Current Trends in Sociological Theory 45 3 - 3 Core SOLG 404 Urbanization and Labour Migration 45 3 - 3 Elective SOLG 406 Sociology of Development 45 3 - 3 Elective SOLG 408 Healthcare in Developing Countries 45 3 - 3 Elective SOLG 4 10 Sociology of Decolonization 45 3 - 3 Elective New SOLG 4 12 Women and Development 45 3 - 3 Elective SOLG 4 14 Personality and Motivation 45 3 - 3 Elective New SOLG 416 Theories of Imperialism 45 3 - 3 Elective New ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 91 SOLG 418 Applied Demography 45 3 - 3 Elective New SOLG 420 Culture and Communication 45 3 - 3 Elective New 3.8 GRADUATION Total Credit Units Required The minimum earned course credit required for graduation are: - 120 for those coming through UTME, while 90 for Direct Entry Levels First Semester 2nd Semester Total Cumulative 100 Level 18 15 33 33 200 Level 18 18 36 69 300 Level 15 18 33 102 400 Level 15 18 33 135 Graduation Requirements i. Minimum of three and maximum of five academic sessions for DE candidates. ii. Minimum of four and maximum of six academic sessions for UTME candidates. iii. The students will be awarded certificate on the basis of the credits attained in final examination. The continuous assessment will be 40%. While the final examination carries 60% in each courses. UTME candidates are required to earn a minimum of 120 Total credits units Earned (TCUE) and 90 TCUE for Direct Entry students before graduation. iv. Minimum CGPA for

of the credits attained in final examination. The continuous assessment will be 40%. While the final examination carries 60% in each courses. UTME candidates are required to earn a minimum of 120 Total credits units Earned (TCUE) and 90 TCUE for Direct Entry students before graduation. iv. Minimum CGPA for graduation: 1: 00 3.9 EXAMINATION RESULTS 3.9.1 Computation and Interpretation of Results under the Semester System Examination is linked to registration of courses as students will only be examined in the courses they registered for. As such it ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 92 as necessary to start from the rules governing registration of courses. Students are expected to register a minimum of 15 and a maximum of 24 credit units (CUR), every semester. Furthermore a student who plans to graduate within the prescribed period should endeavour to earn (i.e. pass) a minimum of 15 credit units (CUE), per semester. This is because the student must ultimately earn (pass) 120 credit units Course Code Course Title Contact Hours Credit Unit GENS 201 Moral Philosophy 15 1 Elective GENS 202 Entrepreneurship and Innovation 30 2Core GENS 302Business Creation and 45 2Core Growth Or 90 credit units (TCUE) depending on whether he joined at the 100 or 200 levels respectively, before he can graduate. Since there are ordinarily eight or six semesters for the four year (100 level entry) and three-year (200 level entry) programme, it follows that 15 multiplied by the relevant number of semester would yield the minimum earned credit unit required for graduation. 3.10 CLASSIFICATION OF DEGREE The B.Sc. Sociology degree is a classified degree. The class of degree that a candidate graduates with is based on his Cumulative Grade Points Average (CGPA). At the end of every semester, a candidate scores a Grade Point Average (GPA)

earned credit unit required for graduation. 3.10 CLASSIFICATION OF DEGREE The B.Sc. Sociology degree is a classified degree. The class of degree that a candidate graduates with is based on his Cumulative Grade Points Average (CGPA). At the end of every semester, a candidate scores a Grade Point Average (GPA) based on his marks in the respective courses offered for the semester, as follows: Mark Letter grade Grade Points 70-100 A 5 60-69 B 4 50-59 C 3 45-59 D 2 40-44 E 1 0-39 F 0 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Sociology) 93 The average of the grade points in the different courses offered in a semester is denoted as GPA, while the average of GPA's of more than one semester is denoted as CGPA or Cumulative Grade Points Average. At the end of the course, the final CGPA obtained determines the class of degree which a candidate graduates with. This is as below: CGPA Class of Degree 4.50-5.00 First Class (1.0) 3.50-4.49 Second Class Upper (2.1) 2.40-3.49 Second Class Lower (2.2) 1.50-2.39 Third Class 1.00-1.49 Pass 0.00-0.99 Fail

C O U R S E R E G I S T R A T I O N G U I D E L I N E S 1. Log on to the SIS portal reg.abudlc.edu.ng F o l l o w t h e s i m p l e s t e p s b e l o w t o c o m p l e t e y o u r r e g i s t r a t i o n 2. Enter your username and password (you should have received this via email) 3. Change the password to your preferred password (Note that it should be alphanumeric, between 8-12 characters with no special characters) 4. Once you are able to log in to the portal, on the left side, click on TRANSACTION, then click on FEES 5. Register all courses you are meant to take this semester by checking them which automatically calculates your total for you 6. Click on pay fees and you will be redirected to a web pay page. 7. Enter your card details (Mastercard/Verve Card) • ID Card form • NHIS form • Acceptance form • Matriculation form (non-ABU graduates only) For more Information : admissions@abudlc.edu.ng, 09064058469

ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) i DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE Ahmadu Bello University STUDENT HANDBOOK BSc. MASS COMMUNICATION ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) ii © 2024 Distance Learning Centre, ABU Zaria, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the Director, Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. First published 2023 Published and Printed by Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tel: 08065949711 abupress@abu.edu.ng info@abupress.com.ng Website: www.abupress.com.ng ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) iii FOREWORD Whereas the Distance Learning Centre Prospectus covers all aspects of the Distance Learning delivery in Ahmadu Bello University, the DLC B.Sc. Mass Communication Student Handbook is designed to give you an overview of the B.Sc. Mass Communication by Distance Learning in the Ahmadu Bello University. A Handbook of this nature is a must read for you. It provides useful information on the nature, orientation and scope of the B.Sc. Mass Communication programme as well as highlights the uniqueness of this delivery modality. As you opt for the distance learning mode to acquire a Bachelor of Science degree in Mass Communication, we shall strive to make your learning experience a memorable one. I urge you to commit, discipline and submit yourself to the demand of distance education. This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again, I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking

studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again, I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) iv CONTENTS Copyright page ... ... ... ... ... ii Foreword ... ... ... ... ... ... iii Contents ... ... ... ... ... … iv PART 1: General Information ... ... ... 1 1.1 Principal Officers of the University ... ... 2 1.2 Officers of the University ... ... 3 1.3 DLC Principal Officers ... ... 7 1.4 Historical Perspective ... ... ... ... 7 1.5 Zaria. ... ... ... ... ... ... 9 1.6 Philosophy and Objectives of the University ... 10 1.7 University Administration ... ... ... 11 1.8 Faculties, Institutes, Centres and Schools ... 12 PART 2 Distance Learning Centre ... ... ... 14 2.1 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 15 2.4 Administration ... ... ... ... 18 2.5 Distance Learning Centre Academic Calendar 18 2.6 Programmes for Distance Learning Delivery 20 2.7 Deployment of Distance Learning Programmes 21 2.8 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery ... 22 2.9 ICT Infrastructure ... ... ... ... 24 2.10 Studying as a Distance Learner ... ... 24 2.11 Waiver and Deferment Guidelines ... ... 34 PART 3 BSc. Mass Communication ... ... 38 3.1 Background 39 3.2 Philosophy 39 3.3 The Vision 40 3.4 The Mission 41 3.5 Objectives of the Programme 41 3.6 Intended Learning Outcomes for the Programme42 3.7 General Requirements 43 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) v 3.8

34 PART 3 BSc. Mass Communication ... ... 38 3.1 Background 39 3.2 Philosophy 39 3.3 The Vision 40 3.4 The Mission 41 3.5 Objectives of the Programme 41 3.6 Intended Learning Outcomes for the Programme42 3.7 General Requirements 43 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) v 3.8 Course Structure and Requirements for Graduation 44 8.1 Levels of Study 45 3.9 Guidelines for Selection and Registration of Courses Minimum Credits for Graduation 47 3.10 Registration Procedure 48 3.11 Courses Structure 49 3.12 Courses Description and Learning Outcomes for each Course 63 3.13 Practical Work/Studio Courses 81 3.14 Final Year Project (Research Projects) B.Sc. Honours 81 3.15 Examination and Assessments 82 3.16 Examination Time - Table 83 3.17 Working towards a degree in Mass Communication 83 3.18 Honours 83 3.19 The Use of the Library by Mass Communication Students 84 3.20 The Departmental Library 84 3.21 Studio and Laboratory Facilities 85 3.22 Attendance at Lecture 85 3.23 Excuses 85 3.24 Career Opportunities for a Graduate of Mass Communication 86 3.25 Students Professional Associations 87 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 89 1.0 Introduction 89 1.1 Preamble 89 1.2 DLC law and statute 89 1.3 Justification for DLC examination policy 89 2.0 Examination Venues 90 2.1 Nigerian students 90 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) vi 2.2 International students 90 3.0 Preparation for examinations 91 4.0 Administering examinations 93 5.0 Appointment of external/internal moderators/examiners 93 6.0 General examination regulations 95 7.0 Consequences for failing to write examinations 95 8.0 Academic monitoring/quality assurance 96 9.0 Research work and project, dissertation and thesis management 96 10.0 Duties of invigilators 96 11.0 Examination malpractice 97 12.0 Sanctions 97 13.0 Management of examination results 99 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 1 PART I General Information ABU Distance Learning

95 8.0 Academic monitoring/quality assurance 96 9.0 Research work and project, dissertation and thesis management 96 10.0 Duties of invigilators 96 11.0 Examination malpractice 97 12.0 Sanctions 97 13.0 Management of examination results 99 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 1 PART I General Information ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 2 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, Vice-Chancellor ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 3 Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Raymond R. Bako Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian 1.2 VISITOR, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEANS AND DIRECTORS Visitor: Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 4 Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vic- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau

Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 5 Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar Farouq Yaya Director, Directorate of University Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 6 Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu

Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 6 Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law: Dr. Salim Bashir Magashi Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 7 Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a

Junaidu Kabir 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded in Samaru, Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 8 Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the

than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institutionhas since inception been under the successive ViceChancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (19751978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (19861991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991-1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004-2009), Professor Abdullahi Mustapha (2009-2015), Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Prof.essor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 9 Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental reorganisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as

Communication) 9 Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental reorganisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango.

Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 10 Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 11 and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive

is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. The University Senate building ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 12 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical

Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 13 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 14 PART II Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 15 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus-based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation

knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus-based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional income by means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 16 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes

in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and eLearning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 17 to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a

issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 18 which comprises of the Director assisted by three Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in.

students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 19 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferment ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 20 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. Mass Communication, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education

(MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 21 ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which

held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 22 The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of relevant Discussion questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. 2.4.5 Learners Support A

critique, write-ups shall be provided. iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 23 Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit studentstudent, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common room. The Liaison Offices shall be administered by an Administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed

Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 24 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will be working through specially prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills that would assist you in studying independently. A. Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to

that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 25 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to read between the lines and beyond the lines; 5. You must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii.

6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write well by imitating good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are reading. Therefore, you need the skill of note taking and note making. When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; 3. be consistent in note taking; 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 26 B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You

Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 26 B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will make study more appropriate and effective such as: 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while you are studying because notes may not be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives ABU Distance Learning Student

don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 27 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing, drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. i. Start early To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact your first day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up

for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 28 iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, handouts or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials to learn for examinations. v. Revise Revise for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important

one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 29 and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You are learning the facts for the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout

read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 30 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the

Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 30 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well-focused conclusion. 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 31 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most

no time for the other points. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 31 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified.

obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 32 G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. 1. Read and fully understand the examination regulations 2. ii.. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course

addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 33 *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment application is abudlc-abu.ng 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be made at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName:

within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 34 At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester – whichever is more convenient for you. - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters.

venue. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 35 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device

ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e-tutors shall be made available to you. - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 36 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory

can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 37 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC,

students shall also be made at these Centres. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 37 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 38 B.Sc. Mass Communication Part III ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 39 1.0 Background The Department of Mass Communication Ahmadu Bello University Zaria was established in 1992, with the approval of the National Universities Commission (NUC) of an academic programme leading to the award of B.Sc. degree in Mass Communication. The department’s first set of students were admitted in 1992/1993 academic session and graduated in 1997/1998 session. The programme would produce mass communicators who would continue to project the basic principles of the profession as the fourth estate of the realm. The field of communication is continuously changing; hence it has become imperative for the department to continue to review its plan, strategy and curriculum to adapt to ever-changing development in communication technology. This will make the department and its products relevant to the demands of the immediate and global communication industry. The current undergraduate curriculum of B.Sc. Mass Communication is more than ten years and the programme received full accreditation from NUC in 2017 which will expire in 2022. 2.0 Philosophy The philosophy and values that are important to the department are: (a) Academic Excellence that reflects; i. In the quality of output i.e., the ability of our students to perform well academically and at the

programme received full accreditation from NUC in 2017 which will expire in 2022. 2.0 Philosophy The philosophy and values that are important to the department are: (a) Academic Excellence that reflects; i. In the quality of output i.e., the ability of our students to perform well academically and at the same time professionally stand shoulder-to- shoulder with their peers in and outside the country. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 40 ii. In quality research from the academic staff. iii. In the ability of both students and staff to know and uphold what is right in their academic callings. iv. In the need to imbibe the principles of fairness, transparency, courage and the ability to co-exist with others. v. In the ability to spouse critical thinking and scholarly disposition, (b) Professionalism that reflects; i. In giving proper training and inculcating the ethics of the profession in the student, ii. The capacity to strive to be relevant in the pursuance and realization of societal needs through the study and practice of mass communication, iii. The ability to respect and promote of indigenous cultures and the accommodation of cherished traditional values in the society. 3.0 The Vision The department aims to attain: i. The recognition of rapid development and change in the mass communication field and the movement of the department into relevance in the scheme of society ii. Enhanced capacity of our products as part of the total information and communication explosion/revolutions in the world. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 41 4.0 The Mission The mission which the department sets out to fulfill are to i. Capacitate and train our products with the knowledge to function adequately in the total information and communication society of the world ii. Build an established institution where practitioners capable of

Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 41 4.0 The Mission The mission which the department sets out to fulfill are to i. Capacitate and train our products with the knowledge to function adequately in the total information and communication society of the world ii. Build an established institution where practitioners capable of handling crisis resolution and the task of unifying the country are trained; iii. Provide theoretical, practical and professional training towards self-employment and independence for mass communication graduates iv. Be one of the few Nigerian universities offering postgraduate programme in the New Communication Technology and Telecommunications. (c) In accordance with the above, the existence of the department is to fulfill a need felt by the immediate social environment where the university is located, particularly for professionals in the areas of mass media. Thus, efforts shall be geared towards: i. The production of graduates that can easily function in the mass media organizations in and around the immediate social environment ii. The satisfying of societal quest for effective information. 5.0 Objectives of the Programme The objectives of B.Sc. degree programme in Mass Communication include the following: a). To offer an undergraduate professionally-oriented programme for the aspiring journalists, communicators, broadcasters, public relations and advertising practitioners. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 42 b). To train journalists, broadcasters, public relations and advertising practitioners for leadership positions in the communication industry in Nigeria and the world at large. c). To instill in the Mass Communication students the ability to respect deadlines and work under constant pressure. d). To raise and sustain the professional standard of communication. e). The programme intends to train communication professionals that will act as trustees of public trust that would be socially responsible to the communities they serve by being accurate, fair, balanced and objective in their reportage of

under constant pressure. d). To raise and sustain the professional standard of communication. e). The programme intends to train communication professionals that will act as trustees of public trust that would be socially responsible to the communities they serve by being accurate, fair, balanced and objective in their reportage of societal issues. 6.0 Intended Learning Outcomes for the Programme The key learning outcomes and competencies to be acquired by graduates of B.Sc Mass Communication programme include the following: a). The students should understand the techniques of radio, television, online communication and broadcast studio operations. b). The students should understand the techniques of news gathering and reporting for various media of communication. c). The students should develop the strategies for effective communication skills for public relations, advertising, entrepreneurial communication and development communication practices. d). The students should be able to identify news and news values on various socio-economic and political issues in the society. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 43 e). The students should recognize and respond to the social responsibilities of the press in society. f). The students should be able to manage human resources under pressure in the news room, news beats and other specialized areas of mass communication practice in society. 7.0 General Requirements 7.1 Admission Requirements: UTME Candidates – Five ‘O’Level Credit in English Language, Mathematics, Government/History/Civic Education, Economics/Commerce/Financial Accounting, any Nigerian Language, and CRS/IRS plus Use of English, Government/History/Economics and any other subject at UTME level. Direct Entry Candidates – Diploma in Mass Communication from A.B.U or any recognized University with a minimum of Merit or IJMB of A.B.U in at least 3 Subjects with minimum of ‘C’ grade passes which must include Government/History, Economics or any Nigerian Languages plus five ‘O’Level Credit in English Language, Mathematics, Government/History/Civic Education, Economics/Commerce/Financial Accounting, any Nigerian

Communication from A.B.U or any recognized University with a minimum of Merit or IJMB of A.B.U in at least 3 Subjects with minimum of ‘C’ grade passes which must include Government/History, Economics or any Nigerian Languages plus five ‘O’Level Credit in English Language, Mathematics, Government/History/Civic Education, Economics/Commerce/Financial Accounting, any Nigerian Language, and CRS/IRS. 7.2 Duration of Programme: Minimum of 4 years and maximum of 6 years for UTME/JAMB, and Minimum of 3 years and maximum of 5 years for Direct Entry (D.E) ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 44 7.3 Graduation Requirements - The UTME candidates have a minimum of 4 years and a maximum of 6 years to graduate while the direct entry candidates have a minimum of 3 years and a maximum of 5 years to graduate. For the UTME, a minimum of 120 credit units must be earned before graduation, including the General Studies and Electives. In the case of direct entry, a minimum of 90 credit units must be earned before graduation, including the General Studies and Electives. Thus, in every semester, a minimum of 15 and maximum of 24 credit units should be registered. Also, part of the requirements for graduation is the IT programme. All 400 level students must undergo an eight-week SIWES training in any established communication outfit such as print or broadcast media organization, public relations and advertising agencies, and film industries, where they are expected to be exposed to practical experiences. 8.0 Course Structure and Requirements for Graduation The course units in the Department are organized on the course credit system per semester. A semester lasts for approximately 18 weeks, including the periods of registration and examinations provided that not less than 15 weeks are devoted to actual teaching. One credit unit is the equivalent of 15 contact hours

course units in the Department are organized on the course credit system per semester. A semester lasts for approximately 18 weeks, including the periods of registration and examinations provided that not less than 15 weeks are devoted to actual teaching. One credit unit is the equivalent of 15 contact hours of classroom teaching or 45 hours of practicals. Most of the course units in the department carry the weight of 2 or 3 credit units, suggesting that they are taught for 30 or 45 hours in the semester, 2 or 3 one-hour periods per week. In ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 45 courses with strong practical component, this means that there are 15 hours of teaching and 45 hours of practicals to qualify for 2 credit units or 30 hours of teaching and 45 hours of practical for 3 credit unit courses. However, there are fewer 3 credit unit courses which suggest that more work is required to be done in 45 contact hours per semester or the equivalent in terms of practicals and classroom teaching. At the end of each semester, a final examination is given to bring the course to final conclusion. The final examination in each course unit is weighted 60% of the total assessment while the Continuous Assessment (CA) components usually two per course unit, carries 40% of total marks for the course. No student can pass a course if he/she fails to take part in the Continuous Assessment (C.A). 8.1 Levels of Study 100 Level The first year (100 level) consists of introductory core and foundation courses. The aim is to introduce students to the basic concepts/ethics of these basic foundation courses in Mass Communication discipline and journalistic writings from the perspective of the Social Sciences and Humanities. Further practical work and

Study 100 Level The first year (100 level) consists of introductory core and foundation courses. The aim is to introduce students to the basic concepts/ethics of these basic foundation courses in Mass Communication discipline and journalistic writings from the perspective of the Social Sciences and Humanities. Further practical work and training is also introduced to provide a basic training in writing and techniques used in the subject. In addition to the above mass communication areas, more subjects are chosen from a list of core (General Studies) and elective subjects including (required courses) from outside ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 46 the department but such courses must be approved by the department. 200 Level The second year Mass Communication courses are aimed at presenting the general theories, principles and models of mass communication systems and basic operational procedures of mass media organizations. Beat, script writing, field studies and studio practices are regularly organized to acquaint students with more practical examples/illustrations of the lectures from the perspectives of the communication sequences. Electives and General Studies Courses from outside mass communication are also selected and approved by the department to reflect the sequences of the discipline of Mass Communication. 300 Level The third year courses present the various systematic sequences in the Mass Communication field or media production as well as practical, studio, laboratory, field techniques in the production processes. Each sequence or branch of the discipline deals with major techniques of operation, major theories, methodology and techniques available to the field. The field studies aim at acquainting students with developments and field technique for solving practical problems. At this level, students are still allowed to take approved electives from outside the department to diversify the students' background both in either pure sciences/technology or social sciences/arts. ABU Distance Learning Student

the field. The field studies aim at acquainting students with developments and field technique for solving practical problems. At this level, students are still allowed to take approved electives from outside the department to diversify the students' background both in either pure sciences/technology or social sciences/arts. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 47 400 Level The fourth year courses are essentially applied/advanced aspects of the various special options. These may be treated in the form of student seminars, or group field projects and minimal lecture sessions to present the problems or discussed findings. For two out of the four years, the last segment of the degree programme is for specialization or interest. Having gone through the production processes involved in various specialty areas, the student settles, at the tail end of the training programme, to the area of his/ her interest for deeper insights (interest). At this time, the student mostly engages in personal and independent study variety, demanding only supervision from the lecturer. This is to allow the student follow his or her intention and discover things for himself/ herself as well as build independent managerial skills needed in the world of works. 9.0 Guidelines for Selection and Registration of Courses Minimum Credits for Graduation To graduate at 400 level, a minimum of 120 credits are required to be passed, including the General Studies and electives. In the case of 3 - year Direct Entry programme, the minimum credit requirement for graduation is 90. In anyone semester, a minimum of 15 and maximum of 24 credit units may be registered for. 9.1 General Studies Courses For both the four-year (UTME) and the three year (D.E) first degree programmes, a student is required to pass all the 6 General Studies courses for a total of 7 credits. These

a minimum of 15 and maximum of 24 credit units may be registered for. 9.1 General Studies Courses For both the four-year (UTME) and the three year (D.E) first degree programmes, a student is required to pass all the 6 General Studies courses for a total of 7 credits. These MUST ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 48 be passed before a degree can be awarded and they would count in the determination of the class of degree. 10.0 Registration Procedure It is the primary responsibility of every student to ensure that he or she is properly registered for a course and for the semester programme. No student would receive credit for a course in which the student is not properly registered even if the student attended the classes and wrote all the examinations prescribed in that course. Also, if a student is properly registered in a course and later dropped the course without notification and proper amendment to his/her registration form, the student would be deemed to have been absent in that examination and would be regarded as having failed in that course and this would affect the calculation of the student's GPA. All students must therefore register courses they intend to offer within the two weeks’ period of registration. No course registration would be allowed after the official closing of registration. Two weeks after official closure of course registration, student can only drop those they do not intend to continue with; otherwise, they would be required to sit for the examinations and pass them. Also, perhaps due to dropping of some courses, students can add other courses. Students must register with Mass Communication Department, all elective courses taken in other departments. Failure to do so, would mean that the student is carrying less than the minimum

to sit for the examinations and pass them. Also, perhaps due to dropping of some courses, students can add other courses. Students must register with Mass Communication Department, all elective courses taken in other departments. Failure to do so, would mean that the student is carrying less than the minimum credit load for that semester. The Department would not accept credits earned in electives that ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 49 were not originally registered in the Departmental registration form during the official period of registration. All registration forms must be presented personally by each student to the registration officer for signing. No student can 'register or sign for another student who is not physically present; it is the responsibility of every student at the beginning of each semester to obtain from the Examination Officers, a record of his/her academic status and progress. Such a record is expected to indicate Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA), Total Credit Units Registered (TCUR) and Total Credit Units Earned (TCUE). It should also indicate whether or not the student has been taking care of the core courses in preparation for final graduation. 11.0 Courses Structure 100 Level - First Semester Courses S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM101 Introduction to Mass Communication I 2 Core 2. MCOM113 History of Mass Media I 2 Core 3. MCOM109 Computer for Mass Communication I 2 Core 4. LANG101 Introduction to Grammar I 3 Core 5. GENS101 Nationalism 1 Core 6. GENS103 English and Communication Skills 2 Core Total 12 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 50 Elective Courses (Students are advised to register any two of the following courses as electives or pick courses from Arabic, English, French or Hausa Languages (subject to approval), to get the

6. GENS103 English and Communication Skills 2 Core Total 12 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 50 Elective Courses (Students are advised to register any two of the following courses as electives or pick courses from Arabic, English, French or Hausa Languages (subject to approval), to get the minimum requirement of 15 Credit Units or maximum of 18 Credit Units per Semester. S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. SOLG101 Introduction to Sociology I 2 Elective 2. SOLG103 Introduction to Anthropology 2 Elective 3. SOLG105 Introduction to Psychology 2 Elective 4. POLS101 Introduction to Political Science 2 Elective 5. POLS107 Nigerian Legal System 3 Elective 6. ECON101 Principles of Micro- Economics I 2 Elective 7. ECON103 Principles of Macro- Economics I 2 Elective 8. LITT103 Introduction to Literature I 3 Elective 100 Level – Second Semester Courses S/ N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM102 Introduction to Mass Communication II 2 Core 2. MCOM116Equiva lent to MCOM 105 Basic News Gathering 2 Core ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 51 &106 :Writing for Mass Media I & II 3. MCOM108 African Communication System 2 Core 4. MCOM110 Computer for Mass Communication II 2 Core 5. MCOM114 History of Mass Media II 2 Core 6. LANG102 Introduction to Grammar II 3 Core Total 13 Elective Courses (Students are advised to register any two of the following courses as electives or pick courses from Arabic, English, French or Hausa Languages (subject to approval), to get the minimum requirement of 15 Credit Units or maximum of 18 Credit Units per Semester. S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. SOLG102 Introduction to Sociology II 2 Elective 2. SOLG106 Elements of Scientific Thought 4 Elective 3. POLS102 Introduction

Languages (subject to approval), to get the minimum requirement of 15 Credit Units or maximum of 18 Credit Units per Semester. S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. SOLG102 Introduction to Sociology II 2 Elective 2. SOLG106 Elements of Scientific Thought 4 Elective 3. POLS102 Introduction to African Politics 2 Elective 4. POLS104 Nigerian Constitutional Development 2 Elective 5. POLS110 Introduction to Research and Knowledge Acquisition 2 Elective ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 52 6. INTS102 Evolution of Contemporary International Systems 2 Elective 7. ECON102 Introduction to Micro-Economic Analysis I 2 Elective 8. ECON104 Introduction to Macro-Economic Analysis I 2 Elective 9. LITT104 Introduction to Literature II 3 Elective 10 GENS102 Environmental Health 1 Elective 11 GENS104 History and Philosophy and Science 1 Elective 200 Level – First Semester Courses S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM217 Equivalent to MCOM201 & 202 Theories of Mass Comm I & II Theories of mass communication I 2 Core 2. MCOM205 News writing and reporting I 2 Core 3. MCOM207 Foundations of Communication Research 2 Core ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 53 4. MCOM209 Introduction to Film, Cinema and Literature 2 Core 5. MCOM211 Principles of Broadcasting 2 Core 6. MCOM213 Principles of Advertising 2 Core 7. MCOM215 Graphics of Communication 2 Core Total 14 Elective Courses (Students are advised to register any two of the following courses as electives or pick courses from Arabic, English, French or Hausa Languages (subject to approval), to get the minimum requirement of 17 Credit Units or maximum of 20 Credit Units per Semester. S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. SOLG201* Principles of Sociological Analysis 3 Elective 2. SOLG203* African Societies and Culture 3 Elective 3. POLS201

Hausa Languages (subject to approval), to get the minimum requirement of 17 Credit Units or maximum of 20 Credit Units per Semester. S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. SOLG201* Principles of Sociological Analysis 3 Elective 2. SOLG203* African Societies and Culture 3 Elective 3. POLS201 Nigerian Government and Politics I 2 Elective 4. POLS203 Political Ideas 2 Elective 5. POLS207 Introduction to Comparative Politics 2 Elective 6. INTS201 Introduction to International Relations 2 Elective 7. ECON201 Introduction to Economics I 3 Elective 8. ECON203 Introduction to Economics II 3 Elective ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 54 9. LANG201 Contemporary English Usage 3 Elective 10 GENS201 Moral Philosophy 1 Elective 200 Level – Second Semester Courses S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM206 News writing and reporting II 2 Core 2. MCOM208 Introduction to Radio and Television Operation 2 Core 3. MCOM222 Photo-Journalism 2 Core 4. MCOM232 Feature Article and Interpretative Writing 2 Core 5. MCOM234 Principles of Development Communication 2 Core 6. MCOM242 Principles of Public Relations 2 Core 7. GENS202 Entrepreneurship and Innovation 2 Core Total 14 Elective Courses (Students must register at least one of SOLG202, POLS202 and POLS204 courses as electives or pick courses from Arabic, English, French or Hausa Languages (subject to approval), to get the minimum requirement of 17 Credit Units or maximum of 20 Credit Units per Semester. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 55 S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. SOLG202 Social Psychology 4 Elective 2. SOLG208 Gender and Society 2 Elective 3. POLS202 Nigerian Government and Politics II 2 Elective 4. POLS204 Foundation of Political Economy 2 Elective 5. POLS210 Introduction to Political Analysis 2 Elective 6. ECON202 Introduction to Micro-Economic Analysis

Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. SOLG202 Social Psychology 4 Elective 2. SOLG208 Gender and Society 2 Elective 3. POLS202 Nigerian Government and Politics II 2 Elective 4. POLS204 Foundation of Political Economy 2 Elective 5. POLS210 Introduction to Political Analysis 2 Elective 6. ECON202 Introduction to Micro-Economic Analysis II 3 Elective 7. ECON204 Introduction to Macro-Economic Analysis II 3 Elective 300 Level – First Semester Courses (for all Sequences) S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM301 International Communication 2 Core 2. MCOM303 Communication and Society 2 Core 3. MCOM307 Mass Communication Law and Ethics 2 Core 4. MCOM313 Communication Research, Concept and Design 2 Core ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 56 5. MCOM319 Online and Social Media 2 Core Total 10 *Students are advised to register all core courses plus courses from their sequence to get a minimum of 17 Credit Units and a maximum of 20 Credit Units. 300 Level – First Semester Courses (Print Media Sequence) S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM309 Newspaper Production and Management 3 Core 2. MCOM317 Introduction to Publishing 2 Required 3. MCOM 329 Equivalent to MCOM 312 Community Press Community Media 2 Required Total 7 300 Level – First Semester Courses (Broadcast Sequence) S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM315 Radio and Television Journalism 2 Required 2. MCOM333 Radio Programme 3 Core ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 57 Writing and Production 3. MCOM339 Film Production 2 Required Total 7 300 Level – First Semester Courses (Marketing Communication Sequence) S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM327 Marketing Foundations for Advertising and Public Relations 2 Required 2. MCOM331 Community Relations 2 Required 3. MCOM337 Advertising and

and Production 3. MCOM339 Film Production 2 Required Total 7 300 Level – First Semester Courses (Marketing Communication Sequence) S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM327 Marketing Foundations for Advertising and Public Relations 2 Required 2. MCOM331 Community Relations 2 Required 3. MCOM337 Advertising and Public Relations Research 2 Core Total 6 300 Level – Second Semester Courses (for all Sequences) S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM302 Comparative Media System 2 Core 2. MCOM306 Specialized Reporting 2 Core 3. MCOM342 Equivalent to MCOM308& MCOM423 Theories of Mass Communication II 2 Core ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 58 Theories of Mass Comm III & IV 4. MCOM330 Communication Research, Concept and Design II 2 Core 5. GENS302 Business Creation and Growth 2 Core Total 10 *Students are advised to register all core courses plus courses from their sequence to get a minimum of 16 Credit Units and a maximum of 20 Credit Units. 300 Level – Second Semester Courses (Print Media Sequence) S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM324 Magazine Production and Management 3 Core 2. MCOM334 Research in Book Publishing 2 Required 3. MCOM338 Photography Workshop 3 Required Total 8 300 Level – Second Semester Courses (Broadcast Media Sequence) S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM316 Broadcast Management and Programming 2 Required ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 59 2. MCOM318 Broadcast Commentary and Critical Writing 2 Required 3. MCOM322 Television Programme Writing and Production 3 Core Total 7 300 Level – Second Semester Courses (Marketing Communication Sequence) S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM314 Public Relations Copy and the Media 3 Core 2. MCOM336 Advertising Campaign, Production and

Critical Writing 2 Required 3. MCOM322 Television Programme Writing and Production 3 Core Total 7 300 Level – Second Semester Courses (Marketing Communication Sequence) S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM314 Public Relations Copy and the Media 3 Core 2. MCOM336 Advertising Campaign, Production and Management 3 Required 3. MCOM340 Advertising Media Planning 2 Required Total 8 400 Level – First Semester Courses (for all Sequences) S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM403 Data Analysis in Communication Research 2 Core 2. MCOM405 Media Criticism and Analysis 2 Core 3. MCOM407 Development Communication 2 Core ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 60 4. MCOM413 Issues in Mass Media 2 Core 5. MCOM421 Media Attachment (SIWES) 2 Core 6. MCOM425 Media Management 2 Core Total 12 *Students are strongly advised to register all core courses and courses from their sequence. 400 Level – First Semester Courses (Print Media Sequence) S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM427 Book Publishing Practicum 3 Core 2. MCOM429 Manuscript Assessment 2 Required Total 5 400 Level – First Semester Courses (Broadcast Media Sequence) S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM431 Film Theory and Aesthetics 2 Required 2. MCOM433 Advanced Television Production 3 Core Total 5 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 61 400 Level – First Semester Courses (Marketing Communication Sequence) S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM435 Financial Public Relations 2 Core 2. MCOM437 Advertising Creative Strategies Management and Production 3 Required Total 5 400 Level – Second Semester Courses (for all Sequences) S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM400 Research Project 6 Core 2. MCOM406 Mass Media and National Development 2

Financial Public Relations 2 Core 2. MCOM437 Advertising Creative Strategies Management and Production 3 Required Total 5 400 Level – Second Semester Courses (for all Sequences) S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM400 Research Project 6 Core 2. MCOM406 Mass Media and National Development 2 Core 3. MCOM418 Entrepreneurship in Mass Communication 2 Core 4. MCOM434 Media and Conflict 2 Core Total 12 *Students are strongly advised to register all core courses and courses from their sequence. Asterisk core courses are compulsory for respective sequences while others are required. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 62 400 Level – Second Semester Courses (Print Media Sequence) S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM422 Computer Assisted Reporting 2 Required 2. MCOM414 Online Journalism 2 Core 3. MCOM420 Editorial and Column Writing 2 Required Total 6 400 Level – Second Semester Courses (Broadcast Media Sequence) S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM422 Computer Assisted Reporting 2 Required 2. MCOM414 Online Journalism 2 Core 3. MCOM424 Advanced Radio Production 3 Core Total 7 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 63 400 Level – Second Semester Courses (Marketing Communication Sequence) S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Units Status (Core/ Elective) 1. MCOM426 Online Advertising and Public Relations 2 Core 2. MCOM428 International Public Relations and Advertising 2 Required 3. MCOM432 Organization and Management of Advertising and Public Relations Agencies 2 Required Total 6 12.0 Courses Description MCOM 101: Introduction to Mass Communication I The course introduces students to the fundamental concepts, theory and practice of Mass Communication, it provides a conceptual framework necessary for proper understanding of the structure and operations of Mass Communication activities in the society. It deals with the models for studying Mass

MCOM 101: Introduction to Mass Communication I The course introduces students to the fundamental concepts, theory and practice of Mass Communication, it provides a conceptual framework necessary for proper understanding of the structure and operations of Mass Communication activities in the society. It deals with the models for studying Mass Communication, meaning and function of mass media and the areas of specialization in the practice of Mass Communication. MCOM 113: History of Mass Media I This course traces the major trends in the development of mass media from the era of Acta Diuma to the era of printing press then the development of major international media ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 64 organizations like BBC, CNN, Aljazeera, New York Times, London Times, China People’s Daily, Le Monde, Pravda, etc. as well as News Agencies like AFP, AP, Reuters, TASS, NAN, PANA, etc. MCOM 109: Computer for Mass Communication I This course introduces students to computer basic knowledge tailored to suit mass communication discipline. It gives students the opportunity to understand the computer and get involved in the practical usage and application of the system to print, broadcast and new media journalism. It provides both practical and theoretical use of the computer in modern day journalism. The course exposes students to rudiments of computer appreciation, its components and structures. MCOM 102: Introduction to Mass Communication II This course is a continuation of MCOM101. It further focuses on the advanced fundamental concepts, theory and practice of Mass Communication. It provides background knowledge on the significance of Mass Communication as a social force in the society, Mass Communication regulatory and professional agencies, audience characteristics and changing patterns of Mass Communication environment. MCOM 116: Basic News Gathering This course provides instructions and practice on various forms of news writing techniques for

provides background knowledge on the significance of Mass Communication as a social force in the society, Mass Communication regulatory and professional agencies, audience characteristics and changing patterns of Mass Communication environment. MCOM 116: Basic News Gathering This course provides instructions and practice on various forms of news writing techniques for print, broadcast and new media. Specific focus shall be made to the various sources of news and news gathering techniques. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 65 MCOM 114: History of Mass Media II It is a continuation of MCOM 113. It considers the advent of mass media in Nigeria and its contributions to the nation’s political, religious economic and social development from the pre-colonial and colonial era till the present day. MCOM109: Computer for Mass Communication I This course introduces students to computer basic knowledge tailored to suit mass communication discipline. It gives students the opportunity to understand the computer and get involved in the practical usage and application of the system to print, broadcast and new media journalism. It provides both practical and theoretical use of the computer in modern day journalism. The course exposes students to rudiments of computer appreciation, its components and structures MCOM102: Introduction to Mass Communication This course is a continuation of MCOM101. It further focuses on the advanced fundamental concepts, theory and practice of Mass Communication. It provides background knowledge on the significance of Mass Communication as a social force in the society, Mass Communication News Agencies, regulatory and professional agencies, audience characteristics and changing patterns of Mass Communication environment. MCOM106: Basic News Gathering This course provides instructions and practice on various forms of news writing techniques for print, broadcast and new media. Specific focus shall be made to the various sources of news and news gathering techniques. ABU Distance Learning

audience characteristics and changing patterns of Mass Communication environment. MCOM106: Basic News Gathering This course provides instructions and practice on various forms of news writing techniques for print, broadcast and new media. Specific focus shall be made to the various sources of news and news gathering techniques. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 66 MCOM108: African Communication Systems The course centres on forms and contents of traditional communication system. It emphasizes the African traditional communication structure from the Nigerian perspectives. It also traces the institution of communication systems. In addition, it examines African oral traditional, form and content. MCOM110: Computer for Mass Communication II The course being a continuation of MCOM109 focuses more on practicals. Attention shall be given to the forms and applications of information and communication technology (ICT). It introduces students to desktop publishing features, basic softwares, and role of ICT in journalistic publishing. It also introduces students to computer and entrepreneurial journalism. MCOM217: Theories of mass communication I This course introduces students to models and theories of Mass Communication as well as types. Similarly, the normative theories, paradigms of communication theories, media effects, media and violence theories are also discussed. MCOM 205: News writing and reporting I This course is designed to further expose students to basic news writing and reporting techniques/procedures. The course examines the structure of news writing and other journalistic forms. Materials from Nigerian and foreign media are to be examined. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 67 MCOM 207: Foundations of Communication Research The course introduces students to the basic concepts of research and research elements, data gathering methods, instrumentation, research process and procedure, as well as types of Mass Communication research. MCOM 209: Introduction to Film, Cinema and Literature It introduces students to film as a medium of

Foundations of Communication Research The course introduces students to the basic concepts of research and research elements, data gathering methods, instrumentation, research process and procedure, as well as types of Mass Communication research. MCOM 209: Introduction to Film, Cinema and Literature It introduces students to film as a medium of communication and the cinema as a communication setting with particular reference to literature and its various forms such as short stories, novel and drama – comedy, tragedy and tragi- comedy. It gives an overview of kinds of films such as adventures, comedy, documentary etc. Also the role of cinema in the society is taught. MCOM211: Principles of Broadcasting Principles of Broadcasting This course introduces students to the concepts and principles of broadcasting in the changing field of multi- media and new information technologies. It introduces the students to radio and television equipment and facilities, prepares them for subsequent and advanced courses in spe- cific areas of broadcasting. MCOM213: Principles of Advertising This is a general over-view of the fundamental principles and techniques of advertising. A review of historical development of advertising and advertising agencies with emphasis on its development in Nigeria. Students are introduced to the basic regulations of advertising in Nigeria as well as skills to run advertising business. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 68 MCOM215: Graphics of Communication It introduces the students to the field of visual communication, examines the origins of graphics, the elements of design aesthetics and layout principles. Also, printing and its equipment are introduced. Marketing of cartoons, and designs are examined, it also covers the use of photographs in for newspaper and magazine publication as well as use of graphics in television medium. MCOM 206: News writing and reporting II This course is a continuation of MCOM 205, it is a

equipment are introduced. Marketing of cartoons, and designs are examined, it also covers the use of photographs in for newspaper and magazine publication as well as use of graphics in television medium. MCOM 206: News writing and reporting II This course is a continuation of MCOM 205, it is a practical course that enables students to become proficient in preparing publishable copy under deadline. Students are assigned beats, primarily on campus to develop stories for publication/broadcast and encouraged to submit outstanding articles to the metropolitan news media. Further, it provides excellent material from the Nigerian and foreign news media for study and imitation. MCOM 208: Introduction to Radio and Television Operations This course introduces students to studio/control room technology and the nature of sound/vision. Practical exercises in studio set-up, camera operations and other studio equipment/facilities operating procedures like console, microphones, teleprompter etc. are covered. MCOM222: Photojournalism This is an introduction to news photography, featuring solid grounding in basic camera and darkroom techniques but placing emphasis on the development of the emerging photo-journalists sensitivity to people, circumstances and events to which the students will be expected to take pictures ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 69 that communicate. Also, fundamentals of photography, operation of different cameras, photography processes and the use of standard photographic equipment and materials in the photo-laboratory as well as the techniques of photograms and photo-essay should be covered. MCOM 232: Feature Article and Interpretative Writing The course deals with writing, analyzing and marketing feature articles and interpretative writings for newspapers, general and specialized magazines. Focus is made on definitions of concepts, functions, types, content, structure, use of language, ethical as well as legal problems related to feature and interpretative writing. Then, the students should be encouraged to prepare manuscript copies under deadline. MCOM 234: Principles

and interpretative writings for newspapers, general and specialized magazines. Focus is made on definitions of concepts, functions, types, content, structure, use of language, ethical as well as legal problems related to feature and interpretative writing. Then, the students should be encouraged to prepare manuscript copies under deadline. MCOM 234: Principles of Development Communication This covers the meaning, role and basic goals of development communication. It also deals with the evolution of development communication and its theories. MCOM301: International Communication This course is an overview of global media systems. The focus will be on the unidirectional of one-way flow of information between the industrialized and Third World nations; how ideology, culture, economy/technology and international market structure have all contributed either in hindering or advancing the international flow of news among nations. The scope, characteristics, peculiarities and current issues in international communication are ex- haustively treated so as to acquaint students with a thorough knowledge of the politics of international communication. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 70 MCOM 303: Communication and Society This is an examination of mass media as social institution with particular attention to pertinent sociological cum communication concepts, themes and problems. It also covers the role and relationship of the mass media vis-a-vis major social institutions. The role of communication in society is also critically examined. MCOM 307: Mass Communication Law and Ethics It is a basic analysis of the legal framework within which the media operate. The issue of press freedom in Nigeria and media laws such as libel, slander, sedition, privacy, contempt are treated. Ethical and moral standards applicable to the mass media as well as ethical responsibilities of media persons are examined. Also, regulations of professional con- duct in mass communication are prominently featured. MCOM 313: Communication Research, Concepts and Design I Students

laws such as libel, slander, sedition, privacy, contempt are treated. Ethical and moral standards applicable to the mass media as well as ethical responsibilities of media persons are examined. Also, regulations of professional con- duct in mass communication are prominently featured. MCOM 313: Communication Research, Concepts and Design I Students are exposed to the philosophical understanding of research such as ontology, epistemology, phenomenology, research approaches, methodologies, an overview of research sampling techniques, instrumentation, and referencing styles. MCOM 319: Online and Social Media The course focuses on the emerging waves of social media such as Face book, Twitter, LinkedIn, etc. It also focuses on the impact of social networking sites on news gathering and reportage, issues about social media and potential for peddling harmful information, social media and the citizenship power, connectivity and access. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 71 MCOM 309: Newspaper Production and Management This course introduces students to the basics of newspaper production process where the content, page planning and page make-up of a newspaper are taught. The management, and application of theories to the management process in newspaper business are also covered. At the end of the course, students are required to produce a newspaper. MCOM317: Introduction to Publishing This course examines book publishing as an economic and professional activity within a book publishing business environment. It looks at the publishing processes, industry activities and associations. It also covers application of new technologies in Desktop Publishing. MCOM 329: Community Media The course teaches the students how to identify and address community needs and problems, prepare community development projects for implementation through special media programmes. Focus should also be made on the process of writing, editing and publishing/broadcasting reports for and by rural communities, small municipalities and urban neighbourhood. Also the business management techniques for

students how to identify and address community needs and problems, prepare community development projects for implementation through special media programmes. Focus should also be made on the process of writing, editing and publishing/broadcasting reports for and by rural communities, small municipalities and urban neighbourhood. Also the business management techniques for the sustenance of such media is covered in the course. MCOM315: Radio and Television Journalism This is an examination of the practice of news gathering techniques, interviews and reporting for radio and television. It also covers the reportorial process, review of sources, presentation of news for radio and television, and the examination of broadcast news. It looks at copy and guidelines for broadcast news, its preparation and ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 72 production, as well as news summaries and bulletins of various formats including introduction to broadcast news magazine. MCOM333: Radio Programme Writing and Production I The course covers the types of radio programmes, elements and activities of the writing process with special attention to the nature of radio and its audience. It focuses on the writing of talks, spot announcements, eyewitness account and magazines programmes. MCOM339: Film Production This involves the detailed analysis of the technical apparatus of film making – the camera, microphones, lighting machines, sets – and types of shots. It focuses on the story board and composition, lighting, sound music and special effects as well as production personnel – their roles and qualities. Film directing and editing is emphasized and the course also involves practical performance and production of short films. MCOM 331: Community Relations The course examines community relations as an essential element in the overall public relations programme. It focuses on formal and informal approaches in managing community relations issues and crisis situations. MCOM327: Marketing Foundations for Advertising and Public

also involves practical performance and production of short films. MCOM 331: Community Relations The course examines community relations as an essential element in the overall public relations programme. It focuses on formal and informal approaches in managing community relations issues and crisis situations. MCOM327: Marketing Foundations for Advertising and Public Relations This course is a study of advertising and Public Relations as communication tools, which can be used to market or promote a product, person, good and services, an ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 73 organization, or idea. The art and science of marketing will be reviewed as the bases for determining the needs and types of communication solutions, which can effectively deal with marketing problems in different situations. MCOM337: Advertising and Public Relations Research It involves the teaching of the various ways of applying quantitative and qualitative research methodologies in advertising and public relations contexts. Emphasis is placed on budget, copy, and media research. MCOM 302: Comparative Media System It is a comparative analysis and general overview of world media systems in terms of ownership, control, programming and purposes among nations. The course also examines the influence of ideology, culture, economy on the media systems. Special characteristics of the various media systems are examined. MCOM 306: Specialized Reporting This course is designed to provide instructions in the techniques of reporting specialized areas. It emphasizes on beats such as agriculture, health. Politics, science and technology, religion, sports, labour, the courts, arts and culture, conflict, etc. Students are engaged with practical exercises in the course. MCOM 342: Theories of Mass Communication II Students are exposed to critical theories, perception and public opinion theories. Also, technology related theories and application of theories in research design should be covered. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 74 MCOM 330:

engaged with practical exercises in the course. MCOM 342: Theories of Mass Communication II Students are exposed to critical theories, perception and public opinion theories. Also, technology related theories and application of theories in research design should be covered. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 74 MCOM 330: Communication Research Concepts and Design II The course treats research proposal with detailed examination of its components (topic, introduction, Literature Review/Conceptual and theoretical framework and methodology). Emphasis is placed on practical research proposal and report writing. MCOM338: Photography Workshop The course will teach students fundamentals of photography, operation of different cameras, processing of photographs and the use of standard photographic equipment and materials in the photo-laboratory. Special emphasis will be given to photo-editing, lighting, colour, theory, sensitometry, and other aesthetics of colour composition. Hands-on practical experiences are strongly emphasized. MCOM334: Research in Book Publishing The course introduces students to the types and methods of research used in book publishing, including media research, product research, market research, opinion research and campaign testing. MCOM324: Magazine Production and Management This is an application of theories and principles of magazine layout, production and management. Students are expected to process editorial materials and produce a magazine. MCOM316: Broadcast Management and Programming This course introduces students to the nature and process of managing broadcast organizations. It considers the primary ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 75 operations of radio and television station networks, par- ticularly, programming and personnel and the skills required to manage them in the interest of society. MCOM322: Television Programme Writing and Production The course presents the types of television programmes. It also covers the elements and activities of the writing process with special attention to the nature of television and its audience. Analysis and evaluation of television scripts, production of

them in the interest of society. MCOM322: Television Programme Writing and Production The course presents the types of television programmes. It also covers the elements and activities of the writing process with special attention to the nature of television and its audience. Analysis and evaluation of television scripts, production of talk, interview, discussion and magazine programme. Intensive writing exercises are covered. MCOM318: Broadcast Commentary and Critical Writing The course examines the opinion function of broadcast journalism. It exposes students to the practice of writing commentary and critical writing. It examines the functions and types of commentary and critical writing. MCOM314: Public Relations Copy and the Media This course focuses on public relations, planning and copy writing techniques with emphasis on audience, messages and media selection as well as evaluation of consequences. The media of public relations, both print, broadcast and the Internet are examined as windows for public relations. MCOM336: Advertising Campaign, Production and Management The course covers planning and execution of advertising campaign, market and consumer research development, including allocation of advertising budget. It further looks at organization and function of advertising appeals, ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 76 preparation and production. Costing and media buying will also be covered. The course also covers the theory and practice of writing effective advertising message for print and broadcast media. It includes the creative application of consumer and market surveys, copy testing methods and ad- vertising, readership studies, as well as production of print and broadcast advertisement. MCOM340: Advertising Media Planning It involves the preparation of advertising media plan: the analysis of the various media in terms of target audience reach and the frequency reach. It also covers consideration of other crucial factors in matching media with markets. MCOM403: Data Analysis in Communication Research Students are taught data

Advertising Media Planning It involves the preparation of advertising media plan: the analysis of the various media in terms of target audience reach and the frequency reach. It also covers consideration of other crucial factors in matching media with markets. MCOM403: Data Analysis in Communication Research Students are taught data analysis techniques involving both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Then, method of data/results presentation and interpretation are discussed. MCOM405: Media Criticism and Analysis This course exposes students to the theory and practice of reviewing media contents. It includes the application of critical theories in the analysis of media contents. MCOM407: Development Communication This course examines the methodology and theories of development communication, approaches to development communication with particular reference to Nigeria and African conditions and the basic issues, principles and practices of development communication. Strategies for designing development communication messages and evaluation are taught. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 77 MCOM413: Issues in Mass Media The course focuses on critical analysis of significant events and personalities that have featured in, and characterized the Nigerian mass media from the political, social and economic points of view especially contemporary issues like fake news, hate speech, brown envelope syndrome, piracy, north- south divide. It also covers the dynamics of the mass media in Nigeria and their institutional roles. MCOM412: Media Attachment (SIWES) Students are to undergo industrial training which covers media organization under a monitored arrangement between the department and the organization. MCOM425: Media Management Students are exposed to management theories and strategies to enable them know how to run media businesses profitably and for sustainability. MCOM427: Book Publishing Practicum The students are involved in practical production process of a book in a printing press. MCOM429: Manuscript Assessment The course is a survey of problems involved in prospecting for authors, motivating

and strategies to enable them know how to run media businesses profitably and for sustainability. MCOM427: Book Publishing Practicum The students are involved in practical production process of a book in a printing press. MCOM429: Manuscript Assessment The course is a survey of problems involved in prospecting for authors, motivating them, and working with them. It also involves dreaming up projects, finding writers for them, screening and assisting authors. It introduces students to the criteria for assessing manuscripts as well as creating and working with members of the editorial board. Also, students are taught how to produce and edit manuscripts. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 78 MCOM424: Advanced Radio Production Students are engaged in practical performance and production of radio programmes and editing. MCOM433: Advanced Television Production Students are engaged in practical performance and production of television programmes and editing. MCOM435: Financial Public Relations It involves a comprehensive review of techniques and measurement yardsticks for planning, budgeting, designing and writing public relations programmes and projects. It includes the knowledge of costing of public relations projects and programmes and how to finance public relations programmes and projects. MCOM437: Advertising Creative Strategies, Management and Production This course covers the theory and practice of writing effective advertising messages for print and broadcast media. It includes the creative application of consumer and market surveys, copy testing methods and advertising, readership studies, as well as production of print, broadcast and online advertisements. MCOM400: Research Project Students initiate and execute an empirical research project following the steps in the research process. In the end, the students are expected to be familiar with the techniques of conducting an independent research. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 79 MCOM406: Mass Media and National Development The course entails contributions of the mass media to

project following the steps in the research process. In the end, the students are expected to be familiar with the techniques of conducting an independent research. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 79 MCOM406: Mass Media and National Development The course entails contributions of the mass media to rural and national development. It also looks at the responsibilities of the media for social, political and economic growth. MCOM418: Entrepreneurship in Mass Communication The course is aimed at making students to be self-reliant and independent in the practice of Mass Communication and its specialized areas. It covers all forms of communication businesses within Mass Communication. It includes entrepreneurial journalism, content creation, media campaign, artistic communication design, and entrepreneurship research for profit making. MCOM422: Computer Assisted Reporting This course teaches gathering, processing, packaging and dissemination of news using computer. It also equips students with contemporary applications of computers in news reporting. MCOM414: Online Journalism This course familiarizes students with contemporary journalism. It teaches and inculcates in them the need, skill and uses of the internet, social media/citizen journalism to gather and report stories. It is expected that after successfully completing this course, each student would have acquired the skill to operate in an online reporting environment. MCOM420: Editorial and Column Writing This course deals with intensive work in the theory and practice of writing editorials and columns based on opinion ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 80 with particular emphasis on analysis and interpretation often events. MCOM431: Film Theory and Aesthetics It is an exploration of film as extension of photography. It gives emphasis to systematic consideration of the basic aesthetic principles, photographic approach, affinities and art. Also, it analysis the properties of the film medium with regard to the realistic tendency and formative tendency or realism and

Theory and Aesthetics It is an exploration of film as extension of photography. It gives emphasis to systematic consideration of the basic aesthetic principles, photographic approach, affinities and art. Also, it analysis the properties of the film medium with regard to the realistic tendency and formative tendency or realism and the clashes/compromises between both. MCOM426: Online Advertising and Public Relations The course focuses on the processes in planning and execution of Advert and PR copies with particular focus on the Internet. The use of various social media platforms for Advert and PR activities is also taught. MCOM428: International Public Relations and Advertising It involves an analysis of trends, issues and problems confronting public relations departments in multinational corporations and other organizations involved in international trade and business. MCOM432: Organization and Management of Advert and Public Relations Agencies The course explains the establishment of effective guidelines for starting an enterprise in advertising or public relations. It also discusses the organization and management of the various departments of a full-service agency. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 81 MCOM434: Media and Conflict This course exposes students to the intricacies of conflicts in Nigeria taking into cognizance the role of media in the solution processes. Peace and war journalism will top the list of priorities to the course. Furthermore, narratives of the media both broadcast and print sequences will be examined with a view to assessing their performances on conflict situations in Nigeria. 13.0 Practical Work/Studio Courses Students within their three or four years study in the department take some practical work or studio courses. These hands-on works and studio experiences are integrated into relevant courses spread between 100 to 400 levels of study. At 100L and 200L, it takes the form of studio work, the 300L students go for 8

or four years study in the department take some practical work or studio courses. These hands-on works and studio experiences are integrated into relevant courses spread between 100 to 400 levels of study. At 100L and 200L, it takes the form of studio work, the 300L students go for 8 weeks, media attachment. 1. One credit unit in lecture series is equivalent to fifteen (15) lecture hours/lecture units. 2. Two credit units are equivalent to thirty (30) lecture hours or fifteen plus forty-five (45) practical hours. Two credit units may also be equivalent to fifteen (15) lecture hours plus (fifteen (15) tutorial hours. 3. Three credit units are equivalent to forty-five (45) lecture hours. They may also be thirty (30) lecture and fifteen (15) tutorial hours. 14.0 Final Year Project (Research Projects) B.Sc. Honours Considerable emphasis is put on the Undergraduate Project of about 12,000 words of not less than 50 typed pages following approved documentation guidelines which is a valuable exercise in learning how to analyze various social science and communication issues of a chosen area or topic ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 82 and their inter-relationships. This project must embody practical work and give evidence of study in the field, stu- dio, laboratory or library. It carries the weight of 6 Credit Units (thrice that of any other courses in the department) and it run through the first and second semesters of the final year. However, students are required to choose their topics and submit a viable research proposal at the end of the second semester of 300 level, The research project can be costly. Students are expected to collect a cost estimate of the research project from the department at the end of 300 level second semester examinations for presentation to their sponsors. Students

a viable research proposal at the end of the second semester of 300 level, The research project can be costly. Students are expected to collect a cost estimate of the research project from the department at the end of 300 level second semester examinations for presentation to their sponsors. Students are expected to adhere strictly to the schedule announced yearly by the department regarding progress and final submission of final year research project. Projects submitted after the closing date for submission will not be accepted. The student is also expected to defend his or her final project work before the Departmental Board of Examiners. 15.0 Examination and Assessments Examinations are conducted at the end of every semester in all the course units, except for the practical and field courses which are assessed on the basis of practical assignments and reports. a. Semester Examinations End of semester examinations usually take the form of written essay questions and answers and CBT which candidates are expected to answer questions according to instructions. Final examinations carry 70% of the total marks for each course. Students are strongly advised to familiarize themselves with the Faculty and University rules ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 83 and regulations concerning the conduct of semester examinations. b. Continuous Assessment Tests Continuous assessment tests, usually two per semester, are given in each course unit as part of the final assessment of students performance in the course. These accounts for 30% of the total marks for the course. No student may be judged successful in a course unit in which that student missed the continuous assessment tests irrespective of the score in the final examination. 16.0 Examination Time - Table Examination time - tables are usually published by the ABUDLC Examination Office at least two weeks before the

No student may be judged successful in a course unit in which that student missed the continuous assessment tests irrespective of the score in the final examination. 16.0 Examination Time - Table Examination time - tables are usually published by the ABUDLC Examination Office at least two weeks before the start of examinations, It is absolutely the responsibility of learners to take note of the dates, time and venues of examinations as contained in the time - table and draw the attention of the Programme Coordinator to any problem or related issue that may occur in it. No candidate may plead ignorance of these details as a genuine excuse for missing any examination. 17.0 Working towards a degree in Mass Communication At the end of each semester, the course, units, grades and grade - points earned are added onto a student's cumulative university record to give him/her Cumulative Grade-Point Average (CGPA). From this record, he/she may determine his/her progress towards a degree. Also, at the end of each semester, a Grade Report, which indicates the grade he/she received for each course taken is issued to him/her by the Departmental Examination Officer. In working for a degree, ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 84 it is the responsibility of the student to keep in mind the various levels of Departmental, Faculty and University requirements he/she is to satisfy, as well as the types of requirements that must be fulfilled - course, unit, grade point, etc. Students may receive additional counseling on these matters from their level advisers. 18.0 Honours Standards for honours status are set by the University for the Departments. In the Department, the standards are as follows: First Class Honours 4.50 – 5.00 Second Class Honours (Upper) 3.50 – 4.49 Second Class Honours (Lower) 2.40 – 3.49

counseling on these matters from their level advisers. 18.0 Honours Standards for honours status are set by the University for the Departments. In the Department, the standards are as follows: First Class Honours 4.50 – 5.00 Second Class Honours (Upper) 3.50 – 4.49 Second Class Honours (Lower) 2.40 – 3.49 Third Class 1.50 – 2.39 Fail Less than 1.50 19.0 The Use of the Library by Mass Communication Students Students of Mass Communication have a special need to be familiar with the organization, content of library and the use of libraries available to them. This is because Mass Communications is so wide a field comprising many sub- disciplines or fields. Furthermore, many works in other subjects are directly relevant to mass communication studies; hence the students need to be conversant with how to make judicious and maximum use of the libraries. 20.0 The Departmental Library The Departmental Library has been renovated and now fully equipped. It is usually a lending and reading library. It contains some volumes of books, periodicals, journals, newspapers and magazines. It has some undergraduate past ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 85 research projects for references only. The library maintains strict disciplinary rules and regulations for the benefits of the users. The Department maintains a few collections of books, projects, cassettes, audio and video tapes which are consulted as immediate references by student as well as products of students' practical exhibits. 21.0 Studio and Laboratory Facilities There is a standard radio studio for the department for students training: Adjoining the studio is a standard editing lab where students process and edit their works before final production in the studio. The editing lab contains numerous computers. The department has also a standard photographic darkroom for the processing and production of photographs during photo-journalism courses, in

department for students training: Adjoining the studio is a standard editing lab where students process and edit their works before final production in the studio. The editing lab contains numerous computers. The department has also a standard photographic darkroom for the processing and production of photographs during photo-journalism courses, in addition, there is a computer laboratory for practical work in Print (Newspaper and Magazine) and Broadcast production. 22.0 Attendance at Lecture According to the University regulations, no student would be permitted to sit for an examination in a course unit in which the student was not present for up to 75% of the time. Thus, even if students have genuine excuses to stay out of classes, such as authentic medical excuses or reports, the total number of periods of lectures missed under the excuse could still be used to calculate attendance qualification for examination. 23.0 Excuses For a student to miss a lecture, practical, examination or other assignments, a formal application has to be made to the staff in charge. Usually any such excuses have to be backed by medical certificates in cases of health problems, ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 86 subject to certification by the University Health Services. Such excuses must be passed to the Head of Department for assessment and processing to Faculty Board and Senate for approval if they involve missing scheduled examinations and other components of the degree programme. In the absence of such approved excuses, candidates would be adjudged to be absent. An approval excuse, however means that the student would be given a later chance to submit the assignment missed or given a make-up examination or test. 24.0 Career Opportunities for a Graduate of Mass Communication  Reporter/Editor: Can occupy position of a reporter or editor as a journalist in

absent. An approval excuse, however means that the student would be given a later chance to submit the assignment missed or given a make-up examination or test. 24.0 Career Opportunities for a Graduate of Mass Communication  Reporter/Editor: Can occupy position of a reporter or editor as a journalist in any media outfit whether print or electronic --(newspapers, magazines, radio, television, etc.).  Publisher: Can become a publisher of a newspaper, magazine, book or academic journals, etc.  Public Relations Executive: A graduate of mass communication can make a career in public relations.  Advertising Executive: A graduate of mass communication can also make a career in advertising and marketing.  Campaign Manager: He can also become a campaign manager for a political party or a reputable politician.  Academic: The graduate if so desires can take up a teaching and research appointment in Polytechnic Research institutions or Universities,  Film Producer/Director: A graduate of this programme can make a career as a film director, in acting or production work. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 87  Opportunities exist for graduates to work in development communication field as editors, Information Officers. 25.0 Students Professional Associations Mass Communication Students Association (MACOSA) Undergraduates run the socially and academically active Mass Communication Students Association (MACOSA) ABU Chapter. However, the Association operates under the patronage and advice of the Department and Departmental staff. Membership is required of all students studying mass communication. The Association is run entirely by students for the benefit of those in the university community with the full support of the department: Its activities include public lectures, social gathering and social welfare of members, tours, educational publication. Nigerian Union of Journalist (NUJ) The Nigerian Union of Journalists (NUJ), being the professional body of all journalists in Nigeria has

benefit of those in the university community with the full support of the department: Its activities include public lectures, social gathering and social welfare of members, tours, educational publication. Nigerian Union of Journalist (NUJ) The Nigerian Union of Journalists (NUJ), being the professional body of all journalists in Nigeria has provision for student membership of the association. Many students in the department avail themselves of the opportunity to become registered student members of the Union. Nigerian Institute of Public Relations (NIPR) This is the national professional organization for public relations practitioners, including university academics, public sector as well as the private sector employees. NIPR holds annual conferences and public lectures. Special reduced membership rates are available to students, hence students in the department take advantage of it to become registered and active members. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 88 Advertising Practitioners Council of Nigeria (APCON) The body registers members who are qualified to practice advertising as a profession and students in the department, who see advertising as a prospective area of specialization are often encouraged to become student members. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 89 APPENDIX 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PREAMBLE The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus based programmes”. 1.2 DLC LAW AND STATUTE The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello

he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus based programmes”. 1.2 DLC LAW AND STATUTE The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR DLC EXAMINATION POLICY 1. The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 90 shall be supervised as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 NIGERIAN STUDENTS Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the

CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 NIGERIAN STUDENTS Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 91 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. 3. Registration of candidates for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once select, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT base identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/learners by the Heads of programmes

must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT base identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/learners by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. 4.0 ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 92 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three (3) semesters in every session. 4. Examination timelines: a) All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e-tutors within four weeks of the semester. b) All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c) All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d) A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. A learners who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall

to the examination. d) A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. A learners who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however, prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of learners into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two to four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 93 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded

be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour after the examination has started shall not be allowed to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 94 cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and

leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 95 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised

attention can be obtained if necessary. 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 96 session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESISMANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’.

the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESISMANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 97 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed

any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 OFFENCE BY STUDENTS (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: i. Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination ii. Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 98 iii. Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. iv. Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. v. Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. vi. Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. vii. Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. viii. Willful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. ix. Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. x.

to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. viii. Willful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. ix. Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. x. Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session i. Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) ii. Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. iii. Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) iv. If a learners refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. v. Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 99 vi. A learner who insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations vii. Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. 11.2 OFFENCES INVOLVING STAFF 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. 2. Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0

the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. 2. Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to learners after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Learners shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for candidate to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Mass Communication) 100 5. Learners can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Scripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

i DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE Ahmadu Bello University STUDENT HANDBOOK BACHELOR OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE (BLIS) ii © 2024 Distance Learning Centre, ABU Zaria, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the Director, Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. First published 2023 Published and Printed by: Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tel.: 08065949711. E-mail: abupress@abu.edu.ng info@abupress.com.ng abupress2013@gmail.com Website: www.abupress.com.ng iii FOREWORD Whereas the Distance Learning Centre Prospectus covers all aspects of the Distance Learning delivery in Ahmadu Bello University, the DLC Bachelor of Library & Information Science (BLIS) Student Handbook is designed to give you an overview of the Bachelor of Library & Information Science (BLIS) by Distance Learning in the Ahmadu Bello University. A Handbook of this nature is a must read for you. It provides useful information on the nature, orientation and scope of the Bachelor of Library & Information Science (BLIS) programme as well as highlights the uniqueness of this delivery modality. As you opt for the distance learning mode to acquire a Bachelor of Science degree in International Studies, we shall strive to make your learning experience a memorable one. I urge you to commit, discipline and submit yourself to the demand of distance education. This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again, I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation

your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again, I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre iv CONTENTS Copyright page ………………………………………………...ii Foreword …………………..………………………………….iii Contents ………………………………………….……………iv PART 1: General Information ………………………………1 1.1 Principal Officers of the University ..……………………3 1.2 Visitor, Principal Officers, Deans and Directors…………4 1.3 Historical Perspective …………………………………...7 1.4 Zaria……………………………………………………...8 1.5 Philosophy and Objectives of the University …………..10 1.6 University Administration ……………………………...11 1.7 Faculties, Institutes, Centres and Schools ……………...11 PART 2 Distance Learning Centre ………………………...14 2.1 Distance Learning ………………………………………..15 2..1.6 Administration ……………………………………….17 2.2 Distance Learning Centre Academic Calendar ………...19 2.3 Programmes for Distance Learning Delivery…………..20 2.4 Deployment of Distance Learning Programmes ……….20 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery………….22 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure …………………………………….23 2.5 Studying as a Distance Learner ………………………...24 2.6 Waiver and Deferment Guidelines ……………………..32 PART 3 Bachelor of Library & Infor. Sci ………………...38 3.1 Philosophy of BLIS Programme………………………..39 3.2 Objective of BLIS Programme…………………………39 3.3 Core value of BLIS Programme ………………………..40 3.4 Entry Requirement into the Department of Library & Information Science…………………………………41 3.5 Registration Guidelines ……………………………. ...41 3.6 Registration for Courses .................................... ……..42 3.7 Core courses ................................................ ………….43 3.9 Restricted elective ...................................... …………..43 3.14 Elective courses ........................................ ………….43 3.10 Cognate ..................................................... …………..43 v 3.11 Minimum Credits Requirement for Graduation in LISP ………………………………………………………………...44 3.12 Examinations and Tabulation of Results .......... ……..44 3.13 Deferment of Semester…………………………….110 Probation…………………………………………..………...110 Withdrawal…………………………………………………..111 Expulsion……………………………………………………112 Rustication for One Academic Year…………………………112 Written Warning……………………………………………..112 Computer Laboratory………………………………………..113 Departmental Library………………………………………..113 Academic Linkage…………………………………………...114 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 115 1.0 Introduction ... ... ... ... ………………. 115 1.1 Preamble ... ... ... ... ... 115 1.2 DLC

of Results .......... ……..44 3.13 Deferment of Semester…………………………….110 Probation…………………………………………..………...110 Withdrawal…………………………………………………..111 Expulsion……………………………………………………112 Rustication for One Academic Year…………………………112 Written Warning……………………………………………..112 Computer Laboratory………………………………………..113 Departmental Library………………………………………..113 Academic Linkage…………………………………………...114 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 115 1.0 Introduction ... ... ... ... ………………. 115 1.1 Preamble ... ... ... ... ... 115 1.2 DLC law and statute ... ... ... ... 115 1.3 Justification for DLC examination policy ... 115 2.0 Examination Venues ... ... ... ... 116 2.1 Nigerian students ... ... ... ... 116 2.2 International students ... ... ... 116 3.0 Preparation for examinations ... ... ... 116 4.0 Administering examinations ... ... ... 117 5.0 Appointment of external/internal moderators/examiners 119 6.0 General examination regulations, ... ... 119 7.0 Consequences for failing to write examinations 121 8.0 Academic monitoring/quality assurance ... 122 9.0 Research work and project, dissertation and thesis management ... ... ... ... 122 10.0 Duties of invigilators ... ... ... ... 122 11.0 Examination malpractice ... ... ... 123 12.0 Sanctions ... ... ... ... ... 123 13.0 Management of examination results ... ... 125 1 PART I General Information ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 2 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 3 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Raymond R. Bako Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 4 1.2

Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Raymond R. Bako Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 4 1.2 VISITOR, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEANS AND DIRECTORS Visitor: Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vic- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 5 Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director,

Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 5 Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar Farouq Yaya Director, Directorate of University Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 6 Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo

Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 6 Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law: Dr. Salim Bashir Magashi Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 7 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin

of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded in Samaru, Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 8 laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institution has since inception been under the successive Vice Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (19751978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979),

in the use and application of these technologies. The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institution has since inception been under the successive Vice Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (19751978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (19861991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991-1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004-2009), Professor Abdullahi Mustapha (2009-2015), Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Professor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental reorganisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 9 the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by

in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 9 the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 10 Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the

Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 11 and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative

or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. The University Senate building 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 12 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science:

Research and Training 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 13 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 14 PART II Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 15 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus-based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested

worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional income by means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 16 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling

Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and eLearning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 17 to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning

a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 18 which comprises of the Director assisted by three Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 19 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: -

groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 19 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferment ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 20 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, Bachelor of Library & Information Science (BLIS), B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning

Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 21 iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration

observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 22 The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of relevant Discussion questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print

for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 23 iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit students- student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common room. The Liaison Offices shall be administered by an administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of

of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 24 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will be working through specially prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills that would assist you in studying independently. A. Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to

lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 25 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to read between the lines and beyond the lines; 5. You must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are

what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write well by imitating good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are reading. Therefore, you need the skill of note taking and note making. When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; 3. be consistent in note taking; 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 26 B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you.

constantly and revise them. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 26 B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will make study more appropriate and effective such as: 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while you are studying because notes may not be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 27 3. Course aims and

are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 27 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing, drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. i. Start early To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact your first day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the

read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 28 iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, handouts or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials to learn for examinations. v. Revise Revise for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important

one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 29 and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You are learning the facts for the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay

important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 30 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11

form ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 30 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well-focused conclusion. 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 31 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you

not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 31 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. F. Studying for Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not

drawn to these words. 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 32 G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. 1. Read and fully understand the examination regulations 2. ii.. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested

be done. 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 33 *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment application is abudlc-abu.ng 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be made at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made

($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/ examination rectification to be in Account: Acct Name: ABU Microfinance Bank, Acct No.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 34 Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester – whichever is more convenient for you. - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more

Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 35 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely

while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e-tutors shall be made available to you. - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 36 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever

participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership”: - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library

Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 37 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 38 PART III BACHELOR OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 39 3.1 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF BLIS PROGRAMME A. Philosophy The philosophy of education for Library and Information Science is based on the national objectives, as contained in section 1, paragraph 1 of the National Policy on Education; viz: i. A free and democratic society ii. A just and egalitarian society iii. A united, strong and self-reliant nation iv. A great and dynamic economy v. A land of bright and full opportunities for all citizens. To make the philosophy functional, the National Policy on Education (Sections 5 and 9) provides details of these goals under Higher Education. The provisions as contained in section 5, are as follows: i. The acquisition, development and inculcation of proper value -orientation for the survival of the individual and society. ii. The development of the intellectual capacities of the individual to enable him/her understand and appreciate his/her environment. iii. The acquisition of

The provisions as contained in section 5, are as follows: i. The acquisition, development and inculcation of proper value -orientation for the survival of the individual and society. ii. The development of the intellectual capacities of the individual to enable him/her understand and appreciate his/her environment. iii. The acquisition of both physical and intellectual skills which will enable the individual to develop into a useful member of the Community. iv. The acquisition of an objective view of local and external environments. 3.2 Objectives of BLIS Programme Apart from the role of libraries in educational institutions, they also provide information for personal and National development as a whole in settings such as the community, research institutions, government establishments and industries. Consequently, education for Library and Information Science is expected: i. To produce Library and Information professionals for all ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 40 types of libraries information and documentation centres. ii. To equip the products of the programme with relevant theoretical knowledge, practical skills and techniques to develop and enhance their job performance iii. To encourage the spirit of inquiry and creativity among the Library and Information professionals so that they are capable of understanding the emerging concepts of the role of information in a complex multi-cultural, multi- ethnic and largely non -literate society like Nigeria iv. To provide prospective Library and Information professionals with the intellectual and professional background adequate for their assignments and to make them adaptable to any changing situation. v. To provide an understanding of the role of the new communication technology (e.g Internet) in the handling of information. 3.3 Core Values To achieve a mission, the Department adopts the following values: i. Integrity ii. Creativity iii. Innovation iv. Collaboration v. Technology adaptability vi. Best practices ABU Distance Learning

v. To provide an understanding of the role of the new communication technology (e.g Internet) in the handling of information. 3.3 Core Values To achieve a mission, the Department adopts the following values: i. Integrity ii. Creativity iii. Innovation iv. Collaboration v. Technology adaptability vi. Best practices ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 41 3.4 ENTRY REQUIREMENTS Candidates are admitted into the Department of Library and Information Science at 100 and 200 levels depending on their qualifications. 1. For 100 level, candidate must satisfy the minimum general University/Faculty of Education entry requirements in at least five subjects obtained at not more than two sittings at Senior Secondary School Certification level or its equivalent: i. Arts Students- Five “O” level credits in at least five subjects obtained including English, Mathematics, and Iiterature in English. ii. Science Students- Five “O” level credits in at least five subjects obtained including English, Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry. iii. Social Science Students- Five “O” level credits in at least five subjects obtained including English, and Economics. 2. For 200 level, a candidate must in addition to (1) above have an Advanced Level (A/L) pass or its equivalent i. “A” Level/IJMB passes in at least two subjects. ii. ABU Diploma in Library and Information Science (With at least Merit Grade for students from the catchment area and Credit Grade for other students). 3.5 REGISTRATION GUIDELINES 1. Fresh students are to come with the original of their relevant credentials to the Centre to collet admission letter and to be screened. Successful candidates would be informed of the procedure of registration with the Academic Office, the Faculty and the department. 2. Student must be aware of time schedule for registration and has to be in possession of proper identification at all times. 3.

to collet admission letter and to be screened. Successful candidates would be informed of the procedure of registration with the Academic Office, the Faculty and the department. 2. Student must be aware of time schedule for registration and has to be in possession of proper identification at all times. 3. Student has to consult with his Level Coordinator before filling the Course Registration Form. 4. Pre-requisite must be satisfied for courses that require such. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 42 5. All courses are registered at an officially designated place, except otherwise stated. 6. Unrestricted electives chosen outside those listed must be approved by the Department. 7. The minimum and maximum credit units registerable for a regular student are 12 and 24 units respectively. 8. At the point of registration, a student is required to pay the NALISS dues, purchase the student Handbook and settle other charges as may be required from time to time. 9. Late registration attracts payment of penalty due; however, it cannot last beyond a quarter of the semester. 10. De-registration of undergraduate project is not allowed beyond the second semester. 11. Registration problems associated with ill-health may be entertained (if supported with medical report that is authenticated by University Health services). 12. Application for deferment of session or semester must be channeled through the head of department on time, for such request to be tendered for consideration by the appropriate body (ies). 13. A student is regarded as bonafide only when the necessary registration forms have been duly submitted to the Departmental Registration Officer. Students are therefore advised to strictly adhere to registration guidelines in their own interest. 3.6 REGISTRATION FOR COURSES The senate of Ahmadu Bello University has fixed the minimum and maximum credit units a student

bonafide only when the necessary registration forms have been duly submitted to the Departmental Registration Officer. Students are therefore advised to strictly adhere to registration guidelines in their own interest. 3.6 REGISTRATION FOR COURSES The senate of Ahmadu Bello University has fixed the minimum and maximum credit units a student can register in a semester. 12 credit units are the minimum registration requirement in a semester while 24 is the maximum. But it is always advisable to register above the required minimum per semester in order to increase the chances of earning the required minimum credit units for graduation. Courses are generally categorized as core, restricted elective, elective and cognate. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 43 3.7. Core courses: core courses are those courses which the department considers very essential to the field of library and information science. That is, core courses are courses which form the backbone of the profession as such are being considered compulsory for students to register them. These courses are found in each semester and students are expected to pass them before graduation. A total of 50 to 54 credit units are designated as core courses for students admitted at 200 level and 100 level respectively. Generally studies courses are part of the core courses as such a student must pass them before he can graduate. 3.8 Restricted elective: These are called restricted electives because they are important and are like core courses. But after making 8 credit units from them a student has finished taking the restricted electives. In all there are 12 credit units of restricted elective courses in the department. 3.9 Elective courses: The elective courses are included to systematically to enhance the students overall knowledge level and to strengthen his subject background to turn

units from them a student has finished taking the restricted electives. In all there are 12 credit units of restricted elective courses in the department. 3.9 Elective courses: The elective courses are included to systematically to enhance the students overall knowledge level and to strengthen his subject background to turn them in to subject specialists. Electives are optional but students are strongly advised to offer them but the number of electives courses which students can register in any particular semester depends on: a) Number of credit units short of permissible minimum registration requirement after deducting the total credit units of core courses registered. b) Credit units of the particular course to be registered. c) Maximum credit load allowed by the department for the semester. d) Existing rule in the faculty regarding elective courses. 3.10 Cognate: To meet up with the challenge of information glut in subject fields, the department requires candidates to take academic subjects in specified subject area. This is done in order to strengthen their subject background and to make them subject specialist. Therefore, the courses student ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 44 offers in their individual subject area of specializations are called cognate courses. A minimum of 20 and 44 credit units are allocated for cognate courses for students who were admitted at 100 level and 200 level respectively. 3.11 MINIMUM CREDITS REQUIREMENT FOR GRADUATION It is very important for students to know right from day one the minimum credits they are required to earn before they could graduate. Knowledge of this will definitely guide them in spreading out their engagement through the 8 or 6 semesters. In Library and Information Science programme students admitted at 100 levels are required to earn a minimum of 120 credit units, while those

they are required to earn before they could graduate. Knowledge of this will definitely guide them in spreading out their engagement through the 8 or 6 semesters. In Library and Information Science programme students admitted at 100 levels are required to earn a minimum of 120 credit units, while those entering at 200 levels need minimum of 90 credit units to graduate 3.12 EXAMINATION GUIDELINES Examinations are normally held at the end of each Semester. Examinations may take the form of written papers, oral examinations, practical, or Computer Based Test (CBT), the submission of projects, any combination of these or any other form approved by the Senate. The Continuous Assessment (C.A.) of course work is normally included in determining examination results. Eligibility In order to be eligible for admission into any examination, a student must have been registered for the course unit to be examined and must have fulfilled the University requirements concerning residence, fees or other related matters. At least 75% attendance is required in all classes, tutorials, laboratories, e.t.c. to qualify for examinations. The students must also have fulfilled any other requirement of the departments regarding satisfactory completion of any course-work, assignments, projects or other matters. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 45 Conducts 1. A student must be at the examination venue at least twenty (20) minutes before the commencement of the examination. A student may be admitted up to thirty (30) minutes after the commencement of the examination but shall not be allowed extra time. On no accounts shall a student: be allowed to leave the venue during the first hour or the last fifteen (15) minutes of the examination. A student must handover his/her scripts to the invigilator before leaving if he does not intend to come back. 2.

not be allowed extra time. On no accounts shall a student: be allowed to leave the venue during the first hour or the last fifteen (15) minutes of the examination. A student must handover his/her scripts to the invigilator before leaving if he does not intend to come back. 2. A student who leaves the examination hall shall not be admitted back unless during the period of absence, he/she has been continually under the surveillance of an Invigilator/Assistant Invigilator. 3. A student shall come along with his I.D. card and Examination card to each examination and display them conspicuously on his desk. Each student shall complete an Attendance Slip providing all details requested which shall be submitted together with script to the Invigilator. No student is allowed to speak to any other student, except as essential, to the Invigilator or make any noise or disturb. 4. No book, printed paper or written document or unauthorized materials shall be allowed into the examination hall by any student, except as stated in the rules of the examination paper. A student must not during examination directly or indirectly give assistance to any other student or permit any other student to copy from or otherwise use his papers. Similarly, a student must not directly accept assistance from any other student or use any other student’s papers. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 46 5. If any student is suspected to have infringed any of the above provisions or in any way to have cheated or disturbed the conduct of the examinations, a report shall be made as soon as possible to the Departmental and/or Faculty Examination Officer and the Dean. The Dean will cause the circumstances to the investigation and report to the Board of Examiners. The student

in any way to have cheated or disturbed the conduct of the examinations, a report shall be made as soon as possible to the Departmental and/or Faculty Examination Officer and the Dean. The Dean will cause the circumstances to the investigation and report to the Board of Examiners. The student concerned shall be allowed to continue with the examinations, provided he does not cause any disturbance, however, the Board of Examinars (ERIC Committee) may subsequently recommend to the Faculty Board and Senate whether his paper should be accepted and as to any other action that shall be taken in the matter. 6. A student shall write his examination number and not his/her name distinctly in the space provided at the top of the cover of every answer booklet or separate sheet of paper. The use of scrap paper is strictly prohibited as all rough work must be done in the answer book let and crossed neatly or in supplementary answer booklet which must be submitted to the Invigilator. Except for the printed question paper, student may not remove from the examination hall or mutilate any paper or other materials supplied. At the end of the time allotted for the examination, each student shall cease from writing when instructed to do so and shall gather his scripts together for collection by the Invigilator. RESULTS Several terms are frequently used on an examination result chart. The most outstanding and salient ones are the following: i) Grade Point (GP) This is a point system replacing ‘A’ to ‘F’ classification as in Table below. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 47 Mark of Average Letter Grade Grade Point 70 – 100 A 5 60 – 69 B 4 50 – 59 C 3 45 – 49 D 2

system replacing ‘A’ to ‘F’ classification as in Table below. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 47 Mark of Average Letter Grade Grade Point 70 – 100 A 5 60 – 69 B 4 50 – 59 C 3 45 – 49 D 2 40 – 44 E 1 0 – 39 F 0 ii) Weighted Grade Point (WGP) This is the product of the Grade Point and the number of credit units. WGP = GP x Number of credit units iii) Grade Point Average (GPA) GPA = Total Points Scored = GPA RCU iv) Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) CGPA = Total Point So Far Score = TWGP TRCU The CGPA provides a measure of the student’s academic standing. v) Registered Credit Unit (RCU) This is the sum of the credit units of the various courses registered by the student during the entire semester. vi) Earned Credit Units ECU) This is the sum of the credit units of all the courses passed by the student during the entire semester. vii) Total Registered Credit Units (TRCU) This is the sum of the credits units of all the courses registered by the student from the first year of study to the particular semester under consideration. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 48 viii) Calculation of Cumulative of GPA and CGPA Suppose a 100 level student of BLIS (Hons.) had the following scores in the first semester examination. Table 2 Course Reg. Credit Units Score % Grade GP WGP LIBS 101 2 60 B 4 8 LIBS 103 2 65 B 4 8 LIBS 105 2 65 B 4 8 LIBS109 3 46 D 2 6 LIBS111 3 71 A 5 15 LIBS113 3 41 E 1 1 GENS101 1

Course Reg. Credit Units Score % Grade GP WGP LIBS 101 2 60 B 4 8 LIBS 103 2 65 B 4 8 LIBS 105 2 65 B 4 8 LIBS109 3 46 D 2 6 LIBS111 3 71 A 5 15 LIBS113 3 41 E 1 1 GENS101 1 55 C 3 3 GENS103 2 62 B 4 8 EDUC101 2 46 D 2 4 GEOG101 2 58 C 3 6 GEOG103 2 55 C 3 6 TOTAL 24 70 Taken into consideration the GP rating in Table 1 above, and the definitions for WGP and GPA in (ii) and (iii) GPA = WGP÷RCU 70 ÷ 24 = 2.916 = 2.91 Assuming that this particular candidate registered 20 credit units in the second semester and earned (passed) 18 credit units with a WGP total of 72 then GPA (2nd second semester) = 72/20 = 3.60 CGPA = 70 + 72 = 3.28 24+ 20 Also for this candidate: RCU (1st Semester) = 16 ECU (1st Semester) = 15 RCU (2nd Semester) = 20 ECU (2nd Semester) = 18 TRCU = 36 TECU = 33 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 49 Failure in any course shall be recorded as such and can only be redeemed by re-taking the course as carry-over and passing the examination, but both the initial GP and the “carry-over” GP shall count towards the CGPA. Subject to the conditions for withdrawal and probations, a student may continue to re-take the failed course unit(s) at the next available opportunity, provided the total number of credit units registered during that semester does not exceed 24. A student who is admitted to a programme of study for a first degree without having initially fulfilled the university general requirement in English Language shall

the failed course unit(s) at the next available opportunity, provided the total number of credit units registered during that semester does not exceed 24. A student who is admitted to a programme of study for a first degree without having initially fulfilled the university general requirement in English Language shall remedy it before graduation. The number and titles of the core and elective course units to be examined shall be specified in the syllabus approved by the Senate of the University. The Faculty may determine from time to time, on the recommendation of the department, and shall make any change known to the affected student by the commencement of the relevant teaching. The method of determining continues assessment marks: the weight age given to continuous assessment mark is 40% for each course. Bachelor of Library and Information Science (BLIS) degree is classified according to the students final CGPA as follows: CGPA Classification of Degree 4.50 – 5.00 First Class 3.50 – 4.49 Second Class (Upper Division) 2.40 – 3.49 Second Class (Lower Division) 1.50 – 2.39 Third Class < 1.50 Fail STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORKING EXPERIENCE (SIWES) SIWES is an integral part of the undergraduate training in Library and Information Science programme and an essential requirement for graduation. It is usually undertaken in 2nd semester of 300 level and it last for six months. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 50 UNDERGRADUATE PROJECT Every final year student in BLIS programme shall undertake a research project to be supervised by a qualified lecturer. The report shall be prepared and submitted to the departmental project coordinator in the appropriate format of four (4) bounded copies. COURSE STRUCTURE BACHELOR OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE (BLIS HONS.) STRUCTURE AND DURATION The duration of the BLIS (Hons) programme is four

to be supervised by a qualified lecturer. The report shall be prepared and submitted to the departmental project coordinator in the appropriate format of four (4) bounded copies. COURSE STRUCTURE BACHELOR OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE (BLIS HONS.) STRUCTURE AND DURATION The duration of the BLIS (Hons) programme is four years. There are two semesters of formal University Studies in each academic session. At 300 level, a student is expected to go for 6 months Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) after completion of the first semester courses at the end of which he/she has to write a report on what he/she learnt in the industry. The students are assessed by on site visit by staff of the department, the log book and presentation/defense of report by the students. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 51 COURSES STRUCTURE 100LEVEL 1st Semester S/N Code Course Title Credit Unit/Hours Status LIBS 101 Introduction to Information Studies I 2 Core LIBS 111 Communication for Information Professionals 2 Elective LIBS 103 Introduction to Information Technology in the society 2 Core LIBS 105 Information Sources and Services 2 Elective LIBS 109 Libraries and Society 2 Elective LIBS 113 Arabic for Information Professionals I 2 Elective LIBS 115 Introduction to French for Information Work 2 Elective TOTAL 14 Note: LIBS 101 is also a core course for those admitted through NCE and IJMB 100 LEVEL 2nd Semester S/N Code Course Title Credit Unit/Hours Status LIBS 102 Introduction to Information Studies II 2 Core LIBS 104 Internet and Information Searching 2 Core LIBS 106 Information Environment 2 Elective LIBS 108 Information Seeking in Context 2 Elective LIBS 116 Arabic for Information Professionals II 2 Elective TOTAL 10 Note: LIBS 102 is a core course for those admitted through NCE and IJMB

II 2 Core LIBS 104 Internet and Information Searching 2 Core LIBS 106 Information Environment 2 Elective LIBS 108 Information Seeking in Context 2 Elective LIBS 116 Arabic for Information Professionals II 2 Elective TOTAL 10 Note: LIBS 102 is a core course for those admitted through NCE and IJMB ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 52 CORE COURSES (GENERAL STUDIES) 1st / 2nd Semester Code Course Title Credit Unit GENS 101 Nationalism 1 GENS 103 Language and Communication Skills 2 Cognate course are to be taken by the students from any department of their choice within the university 1st Semester Code Course Title Credit Unit LIBS 201 Information Organization I 2 LIBS 203 Reference and Information services 3 LIBS 205 Sociology of Library and information centers 2 LIBS 211 Introduction to Telecommunication 2 LIBS 217 Computers in information work 2 2nd Semester Code Course Title Credit Unit LIBS 202 Information Organization II 3 LIBS 204 Management of Information Systems and Services 2 LIBS 206 Bibliographic Information systems and services 2 LIBS 210 Introduction to Records and Archives Management 2 LIBS 216 Introduction to Operating systems 2 LIBS 218 Media resources and services in information work 2 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 53 200LEVEL 1st Semester S/N Code Course Title Credit Unit/Hours Status LIBS 101 Introduction to Information Studies II 2 Core LIBS 201 Knowledge Organization 3 Core LIBS 203 Reference and Information services 3 Core LIBS 205 Sociology of Information Systems and Services 2 Core LIBS 211 Introduction to Telecommunication 2 R/Elective LIBS 217 Computer in Information Work 2 Core LIBS 223 Introduction to Indigenous Knowledge 2 Core LIBS 207 Information Users 2 Elective LIBS 215 Public Information Systems and Services. 2 Elective LIBS 219 Agricultural

205 Sociology of Information Systems and Services 2 Core LIBS 211 Introduction to Telecommunication 2 R/Elective LIBS 217 Computer in Information Work 2 Core LIBS 223 Introduction to Indigenous Knowledge 2 Core LIBS 207 Information Users 2 Elective LIBS 215 Public Information Systems and Services. 2 Elective LIBS 219 Agricultural Information Systems and Services 2 Elective LIBS 221 Arabic Translation for Information Profesionals 2 Elective LIBS 223 Introduction to Indigenous Knowledge 2 Core TOTAL 26 Note: LIBS 101 is also a core course for those admitted through NCE and IJMB ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 54 200 LEVEL 2nd Semester S/N Code Course Title Credit Unit/Hours Status LIBS 102 Introduction to Information Studies II 2 Core LIBS 202 Information Retrieval 3 Core LIBS 204 Management of Libraries and Information Centres 2 Core LIBS 206 Bibliography and Citation Techniques 2 Core LIBS 210 Introduction to Records and Archives Management 2 Core LIBS 216 Introduction to Computer Operating Systems in Information Work 2 Core LIBS 218 Media resources and services in information work 2 Restricted Elective LIBS 212 Library and Information services for the Young 2 Elective LIBS 214 Rural Information systems and services 2 Elective LIBS 220 Business information systems and services 2 Elective LIBS 222 Online Arabic information systems and services 2 Elective TOTAL 23 Note: LIBS 101 is also a core course for those admitted through NCE and IJMB ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 55 CORE COURSES (GENERAL STUDIES) 1st/2nd Semester Code Course Title Credit Unit GENS 202 Enterpreneurship and Innovation 2 ELECTIVES Code Course Title Credit Unit GENS 201 Moral Philosophy 1 Cognate course are to be taken by the students from any department of their choice within the university 300LEVEL 1st Semester S/N

CORE COURSES (GENERAL STUDIES) 1st/2nd Semester Code Course Title Credit Unit GENS 202 Enterpreneurship and Innovation 2 ELECTIVES Code Course Title Credit Unit GENS 201 Moral Philosophy 1 Cognate course are to be taken by the students from any department of their choice within the university 300LEVEL 1st Semester S/N Code Course Title Credit Unit/Hours Status LIBS 301 Introduction to Information Science 2 Core LIBS 303 Information and Communication technology 2 Core LIBS 315 Research Methodology in Library and information work 2 Core LIBS 321 Advocacy and Marketing of Information Resources and Services 2 Core LIBS 323 Financial Management in Libraries and Information centres 2 Core LIBS 331 Technical Services in Libraries and Information Centers Core LIBS 305 Information Literacy Instruction 2 Elective LIBS 307 School Information systems and services 2 Elective LIBS 309 Social Science Information Systems and Services 2 Elective LIBS 311 Humanities Information systems and Services 2 Elective LIBS 313 Science and Technology Information systems services 2 Elective LIBS 317 Serials Management in Libraries and Information Centers 2 Elective LIBS 327 Information Systems Analysis and Design 2 Elective LIBS 329 Health Information Systems and Services 2 Elective TOTAL 28 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 56 CORE COURSES (GENERAL STUDIES) Code Course Title Credit Unit GENS 301 Business Creation and Growth 2 300 LEVEL 2nd Semester Code Course Title Credit Unit Status LIBS 300 SIWES 6 Core 400LEVEL 1st Semester S/N Code Course Title Credit Unit/Hours Status LIBS 403 Quantitative Techniques in Library and Information Work 2 Core LIBS 407 Library and Information Resources Development 2 Core LIBS 409 Introduction to Indexing and Abstracting 2 Core LIBS 415 Specialised Information Systems and Services 2 Restricte d Elective LIBS 419 Introduction to Application Packages in Information work 2 Core LIBS 423 Entrepreneurship

in Library and Information Work 2 Core LIBS 407 Library and Information Resources Development 2 Core LIBS 409 Introduction to Indexing and Abstracting 2 Core LIBS 415 Specialised Information Systems and Services 2 Restricte d Elective LIBS 419 Introduction to Application Packages in Information work 2 Core LIBS 423 Entrepreneurship in Library and Information Work 2 Core LIBS 411 Academic Information Systems and Services 2 Elective LIBS 417 National Information Systems and Services 2 Elective LIBS 421 Serial Editing and Publishing 2 Elective TOTAL 18 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 57 400LEVEL 2nd Semester S/N Code Course Title Credit Unit/Hours Status LIBS 402 Introduction to digital information systems and services 2 Core LIBS 404 Information Management in Libraries and Information Centers 2 Core LIBS 412 Human Resource Management in libraries and Information centers 2 Core LIBS 424 Preservation and Security of Information Resources, Systems and Services 2 Core LIBS 428 Ethics in Library and Information Works 2 Core LIBS 406 Introduction to Medical Informatics 2 Elective LIBS 410 Information Access 2 Elective LIBS 414 Publishing of Information Resources 2 Core LIBS 420 Oral Tradition and Oral Information 2 Elective LIBS 430 Project in Library and Information Work 3 Core TOTAL 21 UNDERGRADUATE SYLLABUS FOR BLIS (Hons.) 100 LEVEL COURSES COURSE DESCRIPTION AND LEARNING OUTCOMES LIBS 101: Introduction to Information Studies I Course Description Designed for students without background knowledge in librarianship and focused on introducing and familiarizing them to the basic concepts, meaning development and growth of the library from ancient period, the middle Ages or medieval period ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 58 and the renaissance period. Secondly, the course is centered on highlighting the history of library education at independence across the three regions.

development and growth of the library from ancient period, the middle Ages or medieval period ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 58 and the renaissance period. Secondly, the course is centered on highlighting the history of library education at independence across the three regions. Also, roles of professional associations like NLA, LRCN, IFLA and NALISSE in the development of the librarianship profession. And lastly the skills expected for managers of information systems to have at the end of the programme. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Discuss the Origin and background of man 2. Explain the foundation and development of information transfer in ancient period, the Middle Ages or medieval period; the renaissance period; 3. Amplify on the information age; the information worker; social issues relating to libraries & information Centres; information institutions and organizations; 4. Discuss brief history of library education 5. Explain the History of library education in Nigeria at independence (Among the three regions) 6. Identify the roles of professional association and bodies in the transfer of information 7. Discuss the Professionalism (Skills and competencies) expected by information professional) 8. Find out the Professional qualities and advancement of information worker. LIBS 103: INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) Course Description The details of this course shall cover Computer hardware, software, communication media, Network and the Internet. Also, the objective of the course is to acquaint the students with the basic aspects of Information Technologies in the society and also to introduce the components of computer systems. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 59 Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Discuss the Concept of Computer a. Explain the Definition

Technologies in the society and also to introduce the components of computer systems. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 59 Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Discuss the Concept of Computer a. Explain the Definition of Computer b. List the Types of computers c. Explain the Components of computer 2. Explain the Concept of Information Technology (IT): a. State the Definition of IT in Libraries and Information Centers b. List the Components of IT in Libraries and Information Centers c. Enumerate the Objectives of IT in Libraries and Information Centers d. State the rationales for using IT in Libraries and Information Centers 3. Discuss the concept of Information System 4. Explain the concept of Networking in Libraries and Information Centers a. Definition b. Types of networks c. Network devices in Library and Information Center 5. Describe the Application of IT in: a. Education b. Health c. Agriculture d. Security e. Politics f. Entertainment 6. State the Carrier opportunities of IT managers 7. List and explain the challenges of using IT in Library and Information Center ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 60 LIBS 105: INFORMATION SOURCES AND SERVICES Course Description This course enables students to identify and evaluate a wide variety of information sources and services. It examines the nature and characteristics of good quality information including their sources, human information needs, information seeking behaviour and information literacy in general. Equally, the course examines wide range of information services. Additionally, the course is aimed at providing practical experience in evaluation and use of various information sources and services. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. State the general Introduction on Information

general. Equally, the course examines wide range of information services. Additionally, the course is aimed at providing practical experience in evaluation and use of various information sources and services. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. State the general Introduction on Information Sources and services (Data, Information, Knowledge, sources, services) 2. Describe Information Age 3. List the Features/Parameters for ascertaining good quality Information 4. Explain the concept of Information Source (Definition, types, evaluation criteria) 5. Discuss the concept of Information Overload 6. Explain the Information Need and Information Seeking Behaviour 7. State the basic concept of information Services (Definition and types) 8. Enumerate the challenges affecting Information professionals in effective information services delivery in Nigeria ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 61 LIBS 109: Libraries and Societies Course Description This course will introduce students to the societal information needs and seeking context, and also the roles of Libraries in the society, how libraries and information centers will provide required services to solve societal problems. Moreover, the history of libraries and information centers in the society will be addressed under this course. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the basic concept of Libraries and Societies 2. State the history of libraries from ancient period to information age 3. List and explain the types and functions of Libraries and societies 4. Enumerate the types of library services to the society 5. Describe Library and Nigeria society 6. Discuss Library as medium of communication, entertainment, & intellectual activities 7. Explain Oral traditions and indigenous knowledge 8. Explain Library education in Nigeria 9. State Library profession and professional services in Nigeria ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library &

the society 5. Describe Library and Nigeria society 6. Discuss Library as medium of communication, entertainment, & intellectual activities 7. Explain Oral traditions and indigenous knowledge 8. Explain Library education in Nigeria 9. State Library profession and professional services in Nigeria ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 62 LIBS 111: Communication for Information Professionals Course Description This course will introduce to the students the basic communication skills required for information professionals to address the information needs of users and provide effective services to the users. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the concepts and meanings of learning and communication skills 2. List the types and styles of communication 3. State the importance of learning skills and communication skills 4. State the Roadblocks to communication 5. Describe strategies to effective communication 6. State the Dos and Don’ts of communication 7. Explain the Learning skills a. Reading b. Note taking c. Condensing and summarizing d. Study strategy ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 63 LIBS 113: Arabic for Information Professionals I Course Description The course is designed to acquaint librarians and information managers with basic reading, writing and Arabic conversation drills, in order to satisfy the basic needs of Arabic information users in the libraries. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the basic Introductory aspect of Arabic Language a. Importance of Arabic b. Why Arabic language in Library and information Sciences 2. Describe of Arabic alphabet from following perfectives a. Huruf mu ajamah 3, Huruf mabaniy 4, Huruf kamriyyah b. Huruf Muhmala 3, Huruf maamy 6, Huruf shamsiyah 3. Discuss Arabic vowels a. Short vowels b. Long vowels c. Diptongs

of Arabic b. Why Arabic language in Library and information Sciences 2. Describe of Arabic alphabet from following perfectives a. Huruf mu ajamah 3, Huruf mabaniy 4, Huruf kamriyyah b. Huruf Muhmala 3, Huruf maamy 6, Huruf shamsiyah 3. Discuss Arabic vowels a. Short vowels b. Long vowels c. Diptongs 4. Describe words and different types of words in Arabic 5. State the construction of Arabic sentences a. Type of sentences with examples 6. Explain the procedures for translating some vocabularies associated with library and information science LIBS 115: Introduction to French for Information Work Course Description This course introduces students the fundamentals of French language in relation to Information work in order to equip the Library and Information Science students with the basics of the language to enable them processed French information resources in Libraries and Information Centers and also to satisfy the needs of French users in the library. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 64 Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Identify different French alphabets and Numbers 2. Briefly Explain French tenses 3. Familiarize themselves with French greetings 4. Find out the names of Information Resources and services in French language 5. Ascertain the techniques of French speaking 6. Provide a discussion on basic conversation in French Language LIBS 102: Introduction to Information Studies II Course Description The course is designed to introduce the students to the historical and developmental of libraries, archives, museums and information centers. It is expected that the students will become familiar with the growth and development of private, public, academic, special, school and national information systems in Nigeria as well as the development archives and museums to the growth of information work in the country. Students are

archives, museums and information centers. It is expected that the students will become familiar with the growth and development of private, public, academic, special, school and national information systems in Nigeria as well as the development archives and museums to the growth of information work in the country. Students are also expected to know the basic activities carried out in libraries and as well know the contemporary Information and communication technologies that are used in information work today. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the Nature, meaning and concepts of: a. libraries, types and functions b. library science c. information d. information science e. information center f. archives g. museums ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 65 2. Describe the growth and development of private, public, academic, special, school and national information systems in Nigeria 3. Describe the growth and development of archives and museums in Nigeria 4. State the role of professional individuals in growth and development of libraries in Nigeria 5. State the activities carried out in libraries, archives, museums and information centers (information resources development, acquisition Information processing, automation and digitization etc) 6. Mention the role of individuals and organizations in library and information work 7. Explain Information and communication technology in information work LIBS 104: Internet and Information Searching Course Description Designed to familiarize students on the basic concept Information, Information Search, Information Search Process, Information Evaluation. Secondly, the course is centered on highlighting Information search, search strategies in the traditional library and the Internet with the aim of exposing students on how to go about searching and retrieving information for themselves and library clients especially in this 21st century where explosion of information is on the increase on daily

is centered on highlighting Information search, search strategies in the traditional library and the Internet with the aim of exposing students on how to go about searching and retrieving information for themselves and library clients especially in this 21st century where explosion of information is on the increase on daily basis. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. State the Nature, meaning and concepts of Internet 2. Explain the History and Development of the Internet; 3. Discuss the uses and Significance of the Internet to library and information services; 4. Describe Internet as Medium for Information Access, Learning, Research and Communication; information storage and organization on the internet; ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 66 5. Explain the Concept of WWW, Web Technologies; Web Page and Utilities; 6. Explain Internet related social issues such as censorship and copyright, intellectual property, security of digital information sources on the internet. 7. State how Web 2.0 and Library 2.0 Principles and application Information Services Delivery; 8. Explain the concept of information search, searching and searching process 9. Enumerate the challenges of information searching in the Internet /network environment LIBS 106: Information Environment Course Description Information environment is viewed as the type of environment which individuals interact with either for purposes of providing or obtaining information for use in day-to-day living or to perform a task. The course introduces you to definition of concepts; analysis of different typical traditional African societal settings, traditions and culture; types of information and information generation, documentation and transmission; sources of information and channels of communication and information transfer; information access and utilisation; and ethical issues in information generation, storage, access, transmission and utilisation in typical African societies; challenges of information management and utilisation in

societal settings, traditions and culture; types of information and information generation, documentation and transmission; sources of information and channels of communication and information transfer; information access and utilisation; and ethical issues in information generation, storage, access, transmission and utilisation in typical African societies; challenges of information management and utilisation in Nigerian traditional information environment etc. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain Basic Concepts in African Information Environment a. An Overview of Information Environment b. Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure 2. Discuss Information and Information Generation in Information Environment ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 67 a. Information Generation and Documentation b. Information Transmission and Dissemination 3. List and explain Sources and Channels of Information Transfer in African Societies a. Sources of Information in African Societies b. Channel of Communication in African Societies c. Information Transfer in African Societies 4. Explain the Ethical Issues in Information Generation and Transfer in African Societies a. Ethical Issues in Information Generation b. Information Transfer in African Societies c. Challenges of Information management LIBS 108: Information Seeking in Context Course Description The course introduces students to contexts and situations of information seeking behavior, models and theories of information behavior. It also shades light on user centered research, user studies and user characteristics Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the Concept of Information Seeking 2. Discuss Information Theories and Models 3. Explain Information Seeking in specific context (Education, Health, Security etc) 4. Describe Information Lifecycle 5. State the Information needs of Information seekers 6. Explain Information retrieval 7. State the Factors affecting Information seeking LIBS 116: Arabic for Information Professionals II Course Description This course is a build up the earlier

Explain Information Seeking in specific context (Education, Health, Security etc) 4. Describe Information Lifecycle 5. State the Information needs of Information seekers 6. Explain Information retrieval 7. State the Factors affecting Information seeking LIBS 116: Arabic for Information Professionals II Course Description This course is a build up the earlier course LIBS113 which further equips the students with the basics Arabic phonology, ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 68 conversation drills, morphology, prosody, rheotorics, literature and others. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Describe basic Arabic words 2. State the type of words in Arabic language 3. Explain the techniques in translation of Arabic Words 4. State vocabularies associated with library and information science 5. Explain Conversion of singular, dual and plural words 6. Describe the process of converting Nouns to dual and plural 7. State the “Verbs”, the types of Arabic grammar 8. Explain the conversion of verbs from singular, dual and plural LIBS202: Information Retrieval Course Description The objective of the course is to acquaint the students with the basic components involved in retrieval of information sources which includes non-book materials. The details of this course shall cover (i) Nature and characteristics of non-book materials and the importance of nonbook materials in libraries and information centers; (ii) Descriptive cataloguing of non-book materials; (m) Computer cataloguing. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the Definition of Concepts 2. State the Purpose, Functions and Forms of Cataloguing 3. Enumerate the types of Catalogues 4. State the Common Tools Used in Cataloguing 5. State the Format and Arrangement of Catalogue Entries 6. Explain Cataloguing Standards 7. State the reference in Cataloguing practices: e.g. see and see also

of Concepts 2. State the Purpose, Functions and Forms of Cataloguing 3. Enumerate the types of Catalogues 4. State the Common Tools Used in Cataloguing 5. State the Format and Arrangement of Catalogue Entries 6. Explain Cataloguing Standards 7. State the reference in Cataloguing practices: e.g. see and see also reference ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 69 8. Identify the Elements of Resource Description 9. Explain the procedures for on-line cataloguing using MARC, OCLC, World CAT LIBS 204: Management of Libraries and Information Centres Course Description The objective of the course is to expose students to the basic concepts, theories, principles and skills of managing any organisation specifically libraries as a not-for-profit organisation and information centres. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the Concept of Management a. Meaning of Management b. Functions of Management c. Roles of Management 2. State the Levels of Management 3. Explain the Theories of Motivation and management a. Fourteen (14) principles of Henri Fayol b. Theory X and Y by McGregor c. Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs 4. Discuss Planning in Management a. Meaning of Planning b. Types of Planning c. Purpose of Planning d. Steps in planning 5. Describe Delegation in organization a. Meaning of delegation b. Process of delegation c. Barriers to effective delegation 6. Explain Communication in Management a. Meaning of communication b. Types of communication c. Elements necessary for communication ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 70 d. Importance of communication 7. Discuss Leadership in Management 8. Explain Decision-making and Conflict Management 9. Discuss the concept of Budgeting a. Meaning of budget b. Types of budgets c. Steps in budgeting d. Purpose of budget LIBS 206: Bibliography and Citation

(Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 70 d. Importance of communication 7. Discuss Leadership in Management 8. Explain Decision-making and Conflict Management 9. Discuss the concept of Budgeting a. Meaning of budget b. Types of budgets c. Steps in budgeting d. Purpose of budget LIBS 206: Bibliography and Citation Techniques Course Description Students should be familiar with the following concepts at the end of the Course: The History of Document and Documentation, Bibliography and Bibliographic services, National Library as a National Bibliographical information Centre, Bibliographic Control and Organization. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the concept of Bibliography and citation techniques 2. State the types and Purpose of Bibliography and citations 3. Explain referencing styles 4. Explain Reference Management Software 5. State and explain the procedures for referencing using MS Word 6. State and explain the procedures for referencing using Mendeley 7. State and explain the procedures for referencing using Zotero 8. Explain the Project Formatting and Final Report Writing 9. Conduct a Practicum ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 71 LIBS 216: Introduction to Computer Operating Systems in Information Work Course Description The course is aimed at introducing the students to the concepts, principles and practice of operating systems with the view of making them capable of working with different operating systems especially for micro and mini computers in information work. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the Introduction to Computer Software in information work 2. State overview of Operating Systems in information work 3. Discuss the History of Operating Systems 4. State the functions of Operation System 5. Ascertain the Process Concept and CPU Scheduling 6. Explain Microsoft Disk Operating System

be able to: 1. Explain the Introduction to Computer Software in information work 2. State overview of Operating Systems in information work 3. Discuss the History of Operating Systems 4. State the functions of Operation System 5. Ascertain the Process Concept and CPU Scheduling 6. Explain Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) 7. Discuss Windows Operating Systems in information work 8. Explain the ways of Exploring your computer: - Task bar and start button - My computer - Windows explorer - Network Neighborhood. 9. State the steps in Managing files and folders: - creating folders, finding files and folders - opening files and folders - copying files 10. Explain Operating Systems in Information work LIBS 218: Media Resources and Services and Information work Course Description The course aims at introducing the students to the various media services in Library and information Centres. The course will examine and the physical features and use of media and ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 72 information work and service. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the Concept of Media Resources and Services (Definition, Features, Types and Essence) 2. Discuss the Selection and Acquisition of Media resources and equipment 3. State the Criteria for evaluating Media Resources 4. Identify the functions and roles of Media Resources and Services 5. Discuss the organization and Preservation of Media resources in Libraries and Information centres 6. Explain the concept of Media Specialist (Definition, Qualities and Roles) LIBS 220: Business Information Systems and Services Course Description The course is design to introduce students to various sources of information for business and commerce; acquaint the students with the nature and characteristics of business and corporate environment and to make students understand the distinct information

(Definition, Qualities and Roles) LIBS 220: Business Information Systems and Services Course Description The course is design to introduce students to various sources of information for business and commerce; acquaint the students with the nature and characteristics of business and corporate environment and to make students understand the distinct information needs of businesses. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the Concept of Business Information Systems and Services 2. Describe Business Information and its types 3. Discuss Business Information Sources 4. Amplify on Business Information System 5. Explain the concept of Decision-Making in Business 6. Describe Business Proposal 7. Explain Librarians as a business manager 8. State the application of ICT in business management ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 73 LIBS 210: Introduction to Archives and Records Management Course Description This course is designed to introduce the students to the basic concepts of archives and records management. It will also help in equipping the students with knowledge of principles of records management. The course will equip the students with knowledge and skills of acquiring, processing, organizing, preserving, conserving and disposing of records irrespective of the type and format, as well as application of ICTs in records management. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Discuss the Concept of Archives and Records Management (Archives, Records, Management, Documents etc) 2. State the similarities and differences among libraries, archives and museum, in terms of: Information sources and resources, users and Services 3. Explain the Concept of Records (Definition, types/categories, components) 4. State the Features, Forms and values of Records 5. Describe Records Management (Definition, principles and lifecycle) 6. State the techniques of storing and preserving records in an organization

and museum, in terms of: Information sources and resources, users and Services 3. Explain the Concept of Records (Definition, types/categories, components) 4. State the Features, Forms and values of Records 5. Describe Records Management (Definition, principles and lifecycle) 6. State the techniques of storing and preserving records in an organization 7. State the application of ICTs in Records Management LIBS 212: Library Services for Young People Course Description This course is to introduce the students to various library resources and services available to young people. To train the students the methods of handling young people in library work. To expose them to the criteria for evaluating information resources. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 74 Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the Concept and definition of Young People 2. Describe Information resources and services for young people 3. State the criteria for evaluating information resources for young people 4. Explain Information needs and Information seeking behaviour of young people 5. Describe Children’s Librarian (Definition, Roles and Qualities) 6. State the ways/techniques of reviving reading culture/habit among young people 7. Sate the Safety rules in the library 8. Enumerate the procedures of handling delinquent children in Library and Information Centres 9. Describe Internet and Nigerian young people LIBS 214: Rural Information Systems & Services Course Description The course explores the reality and the experience of rural existence with specific reference to conditions in Nigeria. By way of examining rural demographics, rural economy and rural infrastructures the course will reconstruct a profile of rural life. Out of this should emerge a picture of rural information systems and services as they exist today. On this firm basis alternative models for rural information systems and services will be

way of examining rural demographics, rural economy and rural infrastructures the course will reconstruct a profile of rural life. Out of this should emerge a picture of rural information systems and services as they exist today. On this firm basis alternative models for rural information systems and services will be advanced within the context of the emergent and expanding internet and other information communication technologies (ICT). Throughout the course contrasts will be made to conditions in the cities and links will be explored. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Discuss the Concept of Rural Information Systems and Services ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 75 2. State the nature and features of rural environment 3. Discuss Rural Information Systems and its components 4. Explain the concept of Digital divide 5. State the Information needs of people living in rural environment 6. Discuss Community Analysis: Strategies and Methodology 7. State the Factors affecting use of Rural Information Systems in the environment 8. Mention the roles of ICT in improving the standard of rural environment LIBS 222: Online Arabic for Information Systems and Services Course Description This course is designed to acquaint librarians and information managers with online Arabic resources such as databases and other digital resources in order to satisfy the basic needs of Arabic information users in libraries and information centers. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the concept of information resources 2. Identify Arabic online resources 3. Mention Print resources in Kashim Ibrahim Library 4. State Classification of print resources in accordance with Library of congress classification scheme 5. Describe print resources search in Kashim Ibrahim library 6. Explain Search engines and their types

1. Explain the concept of information resources 2. Identify Arabic online resources 3. Mention Print resources in Kashim Ibrahim Library 4. State Classification of print resources in accordance with Library of congress classification scheme 5. Describe print resources search in Kashim Ibrahim library 6. Explain Search engines and their types 7. Explain Arabic databases: subscribed and open access 8. Discuss Arabic social media 9. State the merit and demerit of online resources 10. State how to conduct online search using databases for electronic document delivery. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 76 LIBS 201: Knowledge Organization Course Description Extensive discussions will be made on the historical development of catalogues and the present state of the art. At the end of the exercise, students should be able to some extent be knowledgeable in x-lib and Tin-lib as is practiced in some libraries and information centres in Nigeria. The objective of the course is to acquaint the students with the basic components involved in organizing information sources not necessary the ones found in the traditional library system. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: Part A: Classification 1. Explain the Definition of Concepts: Knowledge Organization and Classification 2. State the Theories of classification 3. Discuss the development and Practice of Classification 4. State the Purpose and characteristics of Library classification Systems 5. Mention the Features common to classification schemes 6. Discuss Normative Principles of Classification 7. Explain the types of classification schemes 8. State the Techniques of Knowledge Organization using: a. Dewey Decimal Classification Scheme (DDCS) b. Library of Congress Classification Scheme (LCCS) c. Universal Decimal Classification Scheme (UDCS) 9. Discuss Current Trend in Library Classification/Challenges 10. Practicum DDC ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information

of classification schemes 8. State the Techniques of Knowledge Organization using: a. Dewey Decimal Classification Scheme (DDCS) b. Library of Congress Classification Scheme (LCCS) c. Universal Decimal Classification Scheme (UDCS) 9. Discuss Current Trend in Library Classification/Challenges 10. Practicum DDC ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 77 LIBS 207: Information User Course Description The use and application of information has become more than ever the basis for development. This course investigates the information phenomenon from the perspective of users. The avalanche of information and ease and speed of communication has become the striking feature of the modern world in which we live. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the concept of Information 2. Discuss Information sources, access and use 3. Describe Information Users (Meaning, Types and Category) 4. State the characteristics and psychology of Information Users 5. State the Information needs and information seeking behaviour 6. Enumerate the factors influencing information seeking and use by information user 7. Explain Digital Divide and Usability of Digital Information Services: The Global Perspectives 8. Describe Information use and information users in the digital age LIBS 211: Introduction to Telecommunication Course Description This course introduces to the students the traditional telecommunications systems and medium and relate it with modem telecommunications systems and medium. The objective of this course is to introduce the students to the concepts and principles of telecommunications and its application in information work. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 78 Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the concept of Communication and Telecommunication 2. Discuss the History of Telecommunication System 3. Discuss Telecommunication System 4. Explain the Traditional Communication System

Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 78 Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the concept of Communication and Telecommunication 2. Discuss the History of Telecommunication System 3. Discuss Telecommunication System 4. Explain the Traditional Communication System and Medium 5. State the Modern Communication System and Medium 6. Discuss Telecommunication Media 7. Explain Network and Networking 8. Describe Telecommunication and the society LIBS 217: Computer in Information Work Course Description The course will introduce the students to computer and its component. The course will examine how the combination of hardware and software make the computer an effective tool in every human endeavor Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the Concept of Computer System  Definition of Computer  Classification of Computer by (type, size/speed, generation and purpose)  Characteristics of Computer 2. State the Physical Component of Computer system (Hardware) 3. Discuss the concept Software 4. State the Historical Development of Computer System 5. Discuss Computer Virus 6. Describe the Computer Network 7. State the application of Computer in Education, Business, Security, Agriculture, Health etc ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 79 LIBS 205: Sociology of Information Systems and Services Course Description The course is placed within the broad frame of the discipline of sociology as the science of society which is to slay the study of man, the relationship he develops and the institution man creates as a member of society. Sociology of information is here investigated as the study of the role and impact of information on society. This includes the study of the various information institutions and information media. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the

develops and the institution man creates as a member of society. Sociology of information is here investigated as the study of the role and impact of information on society. This includes the study of the various information institutions and information media. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the Concept of Sociology 2. Discuss the concept of Information and Society 3. State the role of Libraries and Information Centres in the society 4. Explain the relationship between sociology and Library and Information Science profession 5. Describe the Information Media 6. State the factors influencing socio-cultural setting (cultural shock, ethno-centric etc) 7. Explain the relevance of LIBS 205 to information professionals LIBS: 215: Public Information Systems and services Course Description This course is designed to introduce the students to the nature, development, types, resources and services of public information systems and to familiarize the students to the concepts and infrastructure required in the establishment and maintenance of public information systems as well as the application of computer and other communication technologies in the provision of information services. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 80 Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the concept of Public Information Systems and Services 2. Describe Public Libraries and Information Centres (Definition, functions, resources and services) 3. State the roles of Public Libraries and Information Centres in the Society 4. Discuss Selection and Acquisition of Information Resources in Public Libraries and Information Centres 5. Discuss Public Information System 6. Describe Information Resource Development in Public Information System 7. Explain the concept of Community Analysis 8. State the application of ICT in Public Information Systems and Services LIBS 221: Arabic Translation for Information

and Acquisition of Information Resources in Public Libraries and Information Centres 5. Discuss Public Information System 6. Describe Information Resource Development in Public Information System 7. Explain the concept of Community Analysis 8. State the application of ICT in Public Information Systems and Services LIBS 221: Arabic Translation for Information Professionals Course Description This course is designed to acquaint librarians and information managers with Arabic translation skills in order to satisfy the basic needs of Arabic information users in libraries and information centers. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the concept of Arabic translation 2. Explain Translation of words in Arabic 3. Explain Translation of sentences 4. State the type of sentences 5. Explain Conversation drill 6. Discuss Sentence construction 7. Explain Conversion of singular, dual and plural 8. Discuss “Verbs”, in Arabic grammar 9. State the Division of subject, predicate and objects ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 81 LIBS 223: Introduction to Indigenous Knowledge Course Description This course will introduce to students the local knowledge, its definition, types, sources, dissemination and preservation techniques, so also the role of ICT in Indigenous knowledge management. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the Definition of Indigenous Knowledge Management 2. Discuss the Scope and Importance of Indigenous Knowledge 3. State and explain the types and Components of Indigenous Knowledge 4. State the nature and features of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) 5. Mention the Steps in IKM and Challenges associated with IKM 6. Discuss Indigenous Knowledge System 7. Identify Sources of Indigenous Knowledge and Causes of IK base destruction 8. State the ways of Preserving and Documenting Indigenous Knowledge (IK) 9. Explain the role of ICTS and Information

Indigenous Knowledge (IK) 5. Mention the Steps in IKM and Challenges associated with IKM 6. Discuss Indigenous Knowledge System 7. Identify Sources of Indigenous Knowledge and Causes of IK base destruction 8. State the ways of Preserving and Documenting Indigenous Knowledge (IK) 9. Explain the role of ICTS and Information Centres In IKM 10. State the Ethical Issues and Considerations In IKM LIBS 203: Reference and Information Services and Systems Course Description This course introduces students to the principles and practices of Reference and Information Services, and also equip them with skills which will enable them to become effective information workers. It introduces students to different concepts in reference and information services and provides them with strategies used in reference and information service provision. It teaches students how to evaluate reference and information sources and ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 82 services, and use ICT to provide referral and information services in libraries and information centers. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the History of Reference Service 2. Discuss the concepts of Reference and Information Services 3. State the Models of Reference Services Evaluation criteria and Functions of Reference Services 4. Identify Some major ethical issues facing Reference Librarians 5. State the Qualities of Reference Librarian 6. Explain Reference Interview Process 7. Explain the Concept of Search Strategy 8. Describe Electronic Information Systems for Reference 9. Discuss Electronic Resources for Reference 10. Explain Organizing and Delivering Reference and Information Services LIBS 219: Agricultural Information Systems & Services Course Description This course will introduce to the students the Agricultural Information Systems and how information professional will provide information to people seeking for Agricultural information in the society. Learning Outcomes At the end of this

Organizing and Delivering Reference and Information Services LIBS 219: Agricultural Information Systems & Services Course Description This course will introduce to the students the Agricultural Information Systems and how information professional will provide information to people seeking for Agricultural information in the society. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the concept of Agricultural Information Systems and Services 2. State the Nature, Scope and features of Agricultural Information Systems and Services 3. Mention the Resources and Services provided by Agricultural Information Systems 4. State the Information needs and seeking behaviour of Agriculturalist ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 83 5. Explain Agricultural Information Systems and its components 6. Discuss the Marketing strategies for promoting Agricultural products 7. Explain Information sources for Agriculturalist 8. State the application of ICT in Agricultural activities LIBS 301: Introduction to Information Science Course Description The course is to introduce the students to the concepts and scope of information science so as to acquaint them with the dynamics of information systems and services, information storage and retrieval, the impact of technology on information representation and transfer and the role of information in societal development. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Discuss the Concept of Information Science 2. Explain the Emergence and Scope of Information Science 3. State and explain the Theories of Information and Information Science 4. Describe Information lifecycle 5. Explain Information Science Profession 6. Discuss how to locate Information Science in disciplinary space 7. Explain Organization of the discipline 8. State the Ethical and moral issues in Information Science LIBS 303: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Course Description This course aimed at introducing the students to the concept, features and

Information Science Profession 6. Discuss how to locate Information Science in disciplinary space 7. Explain Organization of the discipline 8. State the Ethical and moral issues in Information Science LIBS 303: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Course Description This course aimed at introducing the students to the concept, features and application of ICT to Library and Information Work. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 84 Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the Concept of ICT in Library and Information Work 2. Enumerate the ICT facilities in Libraries and Information Centres 3. Explain the Historical development in Libraries and Information Centres 4. State the Communication Technologies in Libraries and Information Centres 5. Discuss Network and Networking in Libraries and Information Centres 6. Describe Information System Security and Protection 7. Explain the concept of Digital Divide 8. State the Challenges of using ICT in Libraries and Information Centres 9. Explain the impact of ICT in Information work LIBS 315: Research Methodology in Library and Information Work Course Description The aim of this course is to introduce the students to the technique of conducting research and writing of research proposal and report. At the end of the course, it is expected that the students would be able write research report. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the concept of Research (Definition, Types, Essence and Process of conduction research) 2. Describe the Introduction aspect of research 3. Discuss Literature Review 4. Explain Research Methods (Methodology/Approach, Design and Population) 5. Discuss Sampling Techniques 6. Describe Instrument for Data Collection ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 85 7. State the Conclusion aspect of research

research) 2. Describe the Introduction aspect of research 3. Discuss Literature Review 4. Explain Research Methods (Methodology/Approach, Design and Population) 5. Discuss Sampling Techniques 6. Describe Instrument for Data Collection ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 85 7. State the Conclusion aspect of research 8. Describe Referencing 9. State the application of ICT in Research work Practical The art of research writing (Chapter One - Five) LIBS 331 – Technical Services in Libraries and Information Centres Course Description The course is designed to familiarize students with the basic functions of technical services in libraries; to develop an awareness of the basic library routines and procedures. To orient them on the wide range of operations and techniques associated with acquisition, processing, organization, preservation and handling of library materials. To be able to master the routines and procedures, and to be able to perform the job effectively when asked to do so. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the concept of technical Services in Libraries and Information Centres 2. State the Departments/Sections in Libraries and Information Centres and their routine activities 3. Explain Acquisition Methods/Processes 4. State the Selection Process of Information Resources in Libraries and Information Centres 5. Discuss the concept of a Book and its parts 6. Describe Processing of Information Resources 7. State the application of ICT in Technical Services ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 86 LIBS 327: Information System Analysia and Design Course Description This course highlights to the students the procedures on how to design information system and also how to analyse it for proper and effective organizational activities or operations. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able

LIBS 327: Information System Analysia and Design Course Description This course highlights to the students the procedures on how to design information system and also how to analyse it for proper and effective organizational activities or operations. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the Concept of Information System Analysia and Design 2. State the rationales for Information System Analysia and Design 3. Discuss Information System 4. Discuss Feasibility Study 5. Explain the concept of System Development 6. Identify the approaches to Information System analysis 7. State the challenges of Information System Analysia, Design and Implementation LIBS 323: Financial Management in Libraries and Information Centres Course Description The aim of the course is to introduce the students to the study of ﬁnancial management in Libraries and Information Centre. The course will examine sources of income and discuss Library budgeting. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Describe the concept of Financial Management in Libraries and Information Centres 2. State the Nature and Scope of Financial Management in Libraries and Information Centres 3. Explain the concept of Grant writing in Libraries and Information Centres 4. Explain Budgeting in Libraries and Information Centres ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 87 5. State the Sources of fund/revenue in Libraries and Information Centres 6. Discuss the accounting in Libraries and Information Centres 7. State the application of ICT in Financial Management LIBS 305: Information Literacy Instruction This course introduces to the students the basics of information literacy instructions thereby exposing the roles of information managers/professionals in information literacy instruction as well as different models for information literacy and search, so that that information professionals will be able to provide the best

LIBS 305: Information Literacy Instruction This course introduces to the students the basics of information literacy instructions thereby exposing the roles of information managers/professionals in information literacy instruction as well as different models for information literacy and search, so that that information professionals will be able to provide the best way of serving users or satisfying users. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the Historical coinage of Information Literacy 2. Discuss the concepts of Information Literacy 3. State the Significance of Information Literacy Instruction 4. State the role of information managers in information literacy instruction 5. Explain the Categorisation of Information resources & Sources 6. Discuss Library, media and digital literacies 7. Discuss Information search models 8. Explain the concept of Information Access Tools 9. Describe Information use ethics 10. Explain Information literacy models LIBS 313: Science and Technology Information Systems and Services Course Description This course is designed to introduce the students to the basic concepts of Science and Technology Information Systems and services. It will also help in equipping the students with knowledge of information need, users, information sources and resources and information services in Science and Technology ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 88 Information Systems. The course will equip the students with knowledge of ethics in library and information work in Science and Technology Information Systems and services among others. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the concept of Science and Technology Information Systems and services (Science, Technology, Information, System, Services etc) 2. Discuss the Concept of Information Systems 3. Explain Information Services 4. State the Information needs of users in Science and Technology Information Systems 5. Describe Information seeking

should be able to: 1. Explain the concept of Science and Technology Information Systems and services (Science, Technology, Information, System, Services etc) 2. Discuss the Concept of Information Systems 3. Explain Information Services 4. State the Information needs of users in Science and Technology Information Systems 5. Describe Information seeking of scientists and technologist 6. Explain the Information evaluation of scientists and technologists 7. State the Information sources and resources in science and technology information systems 8. Identify and explain the types of information sources and resources in Science and Technology Information Systems LIBS 307: School Information Systems and Services Course Description The objective of this course is basically to introduce the student to the current issues in school environment as it relates to information acquisition and utilization. The students will also be introduced to different components of school information systems and services that are available in relation to learning from information. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Discuss an overview of School Information Systems and Services 2. Explain the Concept of School Library (Definition, Functions, Resources and Services) ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 89 3. Describe School Information Systems and its components 4. State the roles of School Information System in learning environment 5. State the Information needs of School Information System users 6. Explain the retrieval tools for accessing School Information System 7. Find out the factors affecting use of School Information Systemin learning environment 8. Explain Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and School Information System LIBS 309: Social Science Information Systems and Services Course Description The course is designed to familiarize the students with the meaning, structure and scope of social science discipline and to create awareness to the students of

Systemin learning environment 8. Explain Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and School Information System LIBS 309: Social Science Information Systems and Services Course Description The course is designed to familiarize the students with the meaning, structure and scope of social science discipline and to create awareness to the students of the information needs and seeking behaviour of the social scientists. It is also to acquaint the students with the different information sources available to the social scientists and familiarize the students with the various information services that can be offered to the social scientists. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the Meaning, structure and scope of social science discipline 2. State the Features of social science/social scientists 3. Explain the Methods and procedure of social science investigation 4. Discuss the Communication among social scientists 5. Explain the concept of Community analysis: Strategy & Methodology a information mapping b environmental scanning c information need d information seeking behaviour ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 90 e information transfer 6. State the method of assessing information needs of social scientist 7. Ascertain the types of information sources services available to the social scientists 8. State the application of ICT in information services for social scientists LIBS 311: Humanities Information Systems and Services Course Description The course will introduce the student to broad area of knowledge called the humanities, comprising of a number of related subject fields. By the end of the course the student should have a clear knowledge of the geography of the field and the skills to administer information service and provision within the field. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the Concept of

By the end of the course the student should have a clear knowledge of the geography of the field and the skills to administer information service and provision within the field. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the Concept of Humanities Information Systems and Services 2. State the Nature and Scope of Humanities Information Systems and Services 3. Discuss the concept of Humanities Information Systems 4. List and explain the Information Resources and Services in the humanities 5. Explain the nature of research in the humanities a. institutional framework b. individual scholars and researches c. grants and sponsorship 6. State the Information needs and Information seeking behavior of humanities information users 7. Explain the Professional Carrier of humanities 8. Discuss the concept of Humanities in the digital age ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 91 LIBS 317: Serial Management in Libraries and Information Centres Course Description This course is designed to educate the students on the concepts and principles of serial management. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Discuss the Concept of Serial Management 2. List and explain the types of Serial Management 3. State the routine activities in serial section/department in Libraries and Information Centres 4. Explain Selection and Acquisition of serial publication in Libraries and Information Centres 5. State the Criteria for evaluating serial publications in Libraries and Information Centres 6. Explain the Organization and preservation of serial publication in Libraries and Information Centres 7. State the factors affecting serial publications in Libraries and Information Centres 8. Explain the concept of Serial management in digital age LIBS 321: Advocacy and Marketing of library and information resources and services Course Description The course is

Organization and preservation of serial publication in Libraries and Information Centres 7. State the factors affecting serial publications in Libraries and Information Centres 8. Explain the concept of Serial management in digital age LIBS 321: Advocacy and Marketing of library and information resources and services Course Description The course is designed to acquaint students with technique of advocacy and marketing strategies, tactics of applying marketing to nonprofit sector and to make non-business students to be comfortable with the basic business practices and its application in non-profit environment. The course will also expose students to the various techniques on how to go about marketing library and information centre as a non-profit organization, by applying the various marketing strategies and tactics available with aim of having patronage. Also, the use e-marketing and advocacy is another aim of the course so that libraries will go in line with the ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 92 global best practice of providing information resources and services geared toward users’ needs. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the definition of Concepts; rationale and types of advocacies; 2. State the Marketing practices and their application to non- profit sector (Libraries) 3. Identify and discuss the Importance and development of information services marketing. 4. Explain Environmental scanning for advocacy and marketing for library and information services; 5. Explain Marketing research and analysis of information resources and services; 6. Discuss the advocacy and marketing strategies for libraries and information centers; 7. Describe Marketing mix and marketing tactics 8. State the marketing principles (product, price, promotion, place). 9. Discuss the SWOT analysis for advocacy and marketing in libraries and information centers; 10. Explain the advocacy and Marketing in the digital era (E- marketing

and marketing strategies for libraries and information centers; 7. Describe Marketing mix and marketing tactics 8. State the marketing principles (product, price, promotion, place). 9. Discuss the SWOT analysis for advocacy and marketing in libraries and information centers; 10. Explain the advocacy and Marketing in the digital era (E- marketing and advocacy); 11. Describe the problem and challenges of advocacy and marketing in libraries and information centers in Nigeria. LIBS 329: Health Information Systems and Services Course Description The course is designed to equip the students with basics of health information management in medically related organizations and skills to handle such information resources to serve the needs of medical practitioners. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 93 Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the concept of Health Information systems and services a) Electronic Health Records and Data standard and exchange 2. State the key components of health information systems 3. List and Explain the types of healthcare information systems 4. Discuss the Benefits of Health Information Systems a Data analytics b Support collaborative care. c Cost control d Population health management e Clinical decision support 5. State the Sources of Health Information 6. Describe Health information services (HIS) 7. State the Role of Health information professionals in information work 8. Explain Health information manager’s primary responsibilities 9. Explain the Challenges of Health Information Systems and services LIBS 300: SIWES in Library and Information Work LIBS 407 Information Resources Development Course Description The course is designed to introduce the students to the concepts and methodology of information resources acquisition and management. The course is expected to introduce student to basic understanding of information resources and its types, information resources acquisition and selection policy, evaluation of

LIBS 407 Information Resources Development Course Description The course is designed to introduce the students to the concepts and methodology of information resources acquisition and management. The course is expected to introduce student to basic understanding of information resources and its types, information resources acquisition and selection policy, evaluation of information resources, financing information resources development and maintenance. Also, Community Analysis: Strategy and Methodology, information mapping, environmental scanning, information need, information seeking behaviour information transfer, strategies for information resources ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 94 development and management are expected to be known by the student and finally how to go about developing Information resources Development in the digital age. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the Definition of concepts; rationale and purpose of information resources development 2. State the types of information resources in libraries and information Centres; 3. Describe information resources development policy, 4. List and explain information resources development processes; acquisition tools and selection policies; resources sharing and consortium of libraries and information centers for information resources development; 5. State legal and ethical issues in information resources development; 6. Explain the cost benefit analysis in information resources development; 7. Discuss financial management in information resources development; 8. Explain the concepts of inventory control, evaluation and weeding of information resources; 9. State the ICT application to information resources development. LIBS 409: Introduction to Indexing and Abstracting Course Description The course is designed to familiarize students with the theoretical foundations underlying indexing and abstracting; to develop an awareness of the problems involved in preparing different types of indexes; constructing a thesaurus; using existing general subject headings lists for indexing and assigning subject headings in information retrieval system preparing abstracts. To develop an

designed to familiarize students with the theoretical foundations underlying indexing and abstracting; to develop an awareness of the problems involved in preparing different types of indexes; constructing a thesaurus; using existing general subject headings lists for indexing and assigning subject headings in information retrieval system preparing abstracts. To develop an awareness of the bibliographic problems is solved by (i) in- house indexes; (ii) commercial indexes; (iii) abstracting journals. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 95 And lastly to familiarize students with the state of the art in indexing, abstracting and thesaurus construction. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the definition of concepts; purpose, forms and types of index and abstracts; 2. State the role of index and abstract in information retrieval; 3. Explain the concept of bibliographic control 4. State and discuss the types of computerized indexes and abstracts; 5. Explain the list of subject headings and thesaurus and uses; 6. Describe indexing languages; evaluation of indexes and abstract; 7. Discuss the technical and practical indexing and abstracting processes; 8. State the the use of computers in indexing ad abstracting, 9. Explain the databases and networks of index and abstract; 10. Practicum on indexing and abstracting. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 96 LIBS: 417 National Information Systems and Services Course Description The course is aimed at introducing the students to the nature and concept of National Library, history and characteristics of National Library, functions of the National Library etc. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the Concept of National Information Systems and Services 2. Discuss the concept of National Library (Definition, Roles/ functions, resources and services) 3.

history and characteristics of National Library, functions of the National Library etc. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the Concept of National Information Systems and Services 2. Discuss the concept of National Library (Definition, Roles/ functions, resources and services) 3. State the History of National Library of Nigeria 4. Describe National Library Policy 5. Identify the Information resources and services of National Library 6. Explain National Library in developed and developing world 7. State National Library and the challenges of globalization 8. Explain National Library as a National Bibliographical information Centre. 9. Describe National Bibliographic Centre 10. Explain Bibliographic Control and Organization 11. Discuss Legal Deposit Law of Nigeria LIBS 419: Introduction to Application Packages in Information Work Course Description The aim of the course is to introduce the students to some major computer application packages, and their applications to information work in libraries and information centres. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the basics of Word Processing in information work ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 97 2. Explain Microsoft Word Processing Package in information work 3. Discuss Library Application Packages 4. Explain the basics of Database Management System 5. Explain Spreadsheet in information work 6. Discuss Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) 7. State the relevance of Application Packages to Information Professionals LIBS 411: Academic Information Systems and Services Course Description Universities and other institutions of higher learning, in short academia, form the components of this course. The course will proceed from the investigation of the history, culture and mission academia. The campus is viewed as an integral system of learning comprising of a diversity of systems for the creation, production, acquisition, management and

institutions of higher learning, in short academia, form the components of this course. The course will proceed from the investigation of the history, culture and mission academia. The campus is viewed as an integral system of learning comprising of a diversity of systems for the creation, production, acquisition, management and provision of information. The course zeros in on the three key campus subsystems of information viz: the university library, the university press and the university book store. It examines their organization and functions within the overall campus structure of learning and research. The aim of the course is to provide the student with a comprehensive view of the workings of the learning, research and information environment of academia. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: Course Outline/Content 1. Explain the concept of Academic Information Systems and Services 2. Discuss the Management of Academic Information Systems and Services 3. Describe Academic Library 4. State Information Resources and Services in Academic Libraries ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 98 5. List and explain the criteria for evaluating Information Resources 6. Describe Information System 7. Explain the concept of Community Analysis 8. State the application of ICT in in Academic Libraries LIBS 415: Specialized Information System and Services Course Description The course is aimed at introducing the students to specialized information systems and services, their nature, type and characteristics, nature and characteristics of their users, their management, and ICT application. At end of the course the students are expected to be able to effectively provide and manage specialized information systems and services both in digitalized and none digitalized environments. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the concept of Specialized Information

At end of the course the students are expected to be able to effectively provide and manage specialized information systems and services both in digitalized and none digitalized environments. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the concept of Specialized Information System and Services 2. Describe Special Libraries (Definition, Functions, Resources and Services) 3. Discuss Computer-Based Information System 4. Discuss Management Information System (MIS) 5. Explain Information Technology in Business and other special areas 6. State the procedures for Evaluation of Specialized Information Systems and Services 7. Explain Management of Specialized Information Systems and Services LIBS 421: Serial Editing and Publishing Course Description This course is designed to introduce the students to the basic concepts of serial editing and publishing. It will also help in equipping the students with knowledge of principles of serial ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 99 management. The course will equip the students with knowledge of publishing of serial documents. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain concept of serial editing and publishing 2. Discuss Serial publications in Libraries and Information centers 3. Explain the Contents of serial documents to be edited: Organisation, grammar, presentation, punctuation 4. State the roles and Purpose of serial editing and publishing 5. Explain the Principles of serial management 6. Identify the Qualities of a good serial editor 7. Describe Serial Services 8. Explain the concept of Publishing 9. List and discuss the Steps in publishing of serial documents LIBS 403: Quantitative Techniques in Library and Information Work Course Description This course is designed to introduce the students to the basic concepts of quantitative techniques in Library and Information Work. The course will equip the students

of Publishing 9. List and discuss the Steps in publishing of serial documents LIBS 403: Quantitative Techniques in Library and Information Work Course Description This course is designed to introduce the students to the basic concepts of quantitative techniques in Library and Information Work. The course will equip the students with the knowledge of typology of data and descriptive statistical tools. It will help in equipping the students with knowledge of data collection, analysis, presentation and interpretation as well as application of statistical tools in research. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the concept of Quantitative Techniques (Quantity, Quantitative, Techniques) 2. List and discuss the typology of data 3. Describe the Descriptive Statistical Tools: a. Measures of central tendency: Mean, Median, Mode etc. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 100 b. Measures of dispersion: Mean deviation, Standard deviation, Variance etc. c. Measures of correlation: Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Spearman Rank Correlation d. Measures of normal distribution: Skewness and Kurtosis e. Measures of relative position: Z-Score and T-Score 4. Explain Data collection, analysis, presentation and interpretation 5. State the application of Statistical Tools in research LIBS423: Entrepreneurship in Library and Information Work Course Description The course is designed to equip students with the skills of identifying opportunities, and turning them into successful business products and services. It also aims to translate knowledge acquired in their study into entrepreneurial ventures. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: Part One: Decision to become an entrepreneur-developing successful business ideas a. Explain the basics of entrepreneurship b. State ways of recognizing opportunities and generating ideas c. Discuss Feasibility analysis d. Explain the procedures for Writing a business plan e. Explain Industry

of this course, the students should be able to: Part One: Decision to become an entrepreneur-developing successful business ideas a. Explain the basics of entrepreneurship b. State ways of recognizing opportunities and generating ideas c. Discuss Feasibility analysis d. Explain the procedures for Writing a business plan e. Explain Industry and competitor analysis Part Two: Moving from an idea to an entrepreneurial firm f. Explain Preparing the proper ethical and legal foundation g. Discuss how to assess a new ventures financial strength and viability h. Explain Building a new venture team i. Explain how get get financing or funding ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 101 Part Three: Managing and growing an entrepreneurial firm j. Explain unique marketing issues k. State the importance of intellectual property l. State the ways for preparing and evaluating the challenges of growth m. Explain the Strategies for firm growth n. Explain Franchising Required Text Bruce, R. Baringer and Ireland, R. Duane (2012). Entreprneurship: Successfully lauching new ventures. 4th ed. Boston: Pearson Education Inc. LIBS 404: Information Management in Libraries and Information Centres Course Description This course will introduce to the students the aspect of management in an organization especially Library and Information Centres and also the levels of management the lifecycle of information, the course will prepare the students/information professionals on how manage organizations effectively and efficiently. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Discuss Information Management (an overview) 2. State the Levels of Information Management 3. Explain the Principles of Information Management by Robertson (2005) 4. Describe Managing Information as a strategic asset 5. Discuss Information Lifecycle 6. Explain Information Resource Management (IRM) 7. Explain Information Profession and Information Professional 8. Describe Information Management in the digital age 9.

State the Levels of Information Management 3. Explain the Principles of Information Management by Robertson (2005) 4. Describe Managing Information as a strategic asset 5. Discuss Information Lifecycle 6. Explain Information Resource Management (IRM) 7. Explain Information Profession and Information Professional 8. Describe Information Management in the digital age 9. State the Challenges of Information Management ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 102 LIBS 406: Introduction to Medical Informatics Course Description The course is designed to familiarize students with the concepts in medical and health informatics; to identify the major roles of health librarians in the provision of health or medical information; to familiarize with expected roles of health librarians in the management of health information, clinical or medical information; carriers associated with health and medical informatics; clinical data analytics; major roles of librarians in clinical data analytics; required skills acquisition for clinical data analytics; careers associated with clinical data analytics; bio- informatics; major roles of librarians in bio-informatics resource management. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: First Week: Explain the concept of clinical informatics. Second Week: Discuss the Concept of Medical Informatics. Third Week. Describe Concept of health informatics Fourth Week: Explain Clinical data analytics. Major roles of librarians/medical librarian in clinical data analytics. Fifth Week: Discuss Bio-informatics; Public Health Informatics; Major roles of librarians in bio-informatics resource management? Career associated related Six Week; Discuss Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS)? Types of Decision-Making Mechanisms. Seventh Week: Discuss Health information management: implications of artificial intelligence on healthcare data and information management ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 103 Eight Week: Describe Machine learning-based enterprise health information system to predict alcohol addiction in Punjab (India) using IoT and fog computing LIBS

Week: Discuss Health information management: implications of artificial intelligence on healthcare data and information management ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 103 Eight Week: Describe Machine learning-based enterprise health information system to predict alcohol addiction in Punjab (India) using IoT and fog computing LIBS 410: Information Access Course Description This course is designed to showcase to students on different ways of accessing information in within and outside the library and information centre, the course will also introduce to the students’ various search engines and approaches to search for authentic and up-to-date information. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the concept of Information Access 2. Describe Information Search Strategies 3. Discuss Information retrieval (Definition and Tools) 4. Discuss Electronic Information Resource 5. Explain the concept of Search Engines 6. Discuss the concept of Internet 7. State the Information Sources, Processing, Storage and Dissemination 8. Explain the Factors/Challenges affecting Information Access in Information age LIBS 412 Human Resource Management in Libraries and Information Centre Course Description The course is designed to familiarize students with the theoretical foundations underlying human resource management in libraries and information centres as well familiarize student with the principles and techniques of managing human resources not just I n libraries but also in any information centre. Also, the course will familiarize students with the objectives of managing human as a resource, knowing his qualities and that of the human resource manager and as well the different components that ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 104 encompasses HRM the information and communication technologies that are used in the activities of managing human resources in organizations. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be

as well the different components that ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 104 encompasses HRM the information and communication technologies that are used in the activities of managing human resources in organizations. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the concept, meaning and definition of Human Resource Management 2. State the Qualities of human resource and human resource manager 3. Discuss the Components of Human Resource Management 4. Explain the Labour relations in organization 5. Discuss the wages and salaries administration in organization 6. Explain the discipline and grievances procedure 7. State the issues in manpower development in library and information center 8. Establish a relationship of Human Resource management with the basic theories of management viz a scientific management theory b administrative theory c human relation theory d modern approach to management in library and information centre 9. State the application of ICT in Human Resource Management LIBS 424: Preservation and Security of Information Resources and Services Course Description The course is aimed at introducing the students to the concepts, essence, problems, and the art of preserving and securing information resources and services, at the end of this course, the students will be able to preserve and secure information resources and services irrespective of its format, and environment. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 105 Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the concept and essence of preservation and security of information resources and services 2. State the types of Information Resources preserved in Libraries and Information Centres 3. Explain the Preservation and Security threats to resources, building, furniture, systems, and infrastructures in Libraries and Information Centres 4. State

to: 1. Explain the concept and essence of preservation and security of information resources and services 2. State the types of Information Resources preserved in Libraries and Information Centres 3. Explain the Preservation and Security threats to resources, building, furniture, systems, and infrastructures in Libraries and Information Centres 4. State the Strategies for prevention, preservation and security of information resources and services 5. Discuss Electronic Information Resources and its preservation techniques 6. Explain Security and Preservation challenges of information resources and services 7. State the application of ICTs to the preservation and security of information resources and services 8. Mention the safety rules in libraries and information centres LIBS 420: Oral Tradition and Oral Information Course Description The course explores the concept of and nature of oral tradition and oral information and probes the link between the rise of the oral word and the development of civilization. The aim of the course is to cultivate in the student the sense of the continuing importance of oral information and oral information sources and to provide the students with the skills to organization. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Discuss the concepts of oral tradition and oral information 2. State the History of oral tradition and oral information a. early society and civilization b. the role of performance in oral traditions c. the role of the written tradition d. modern society ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 106 3. enumerate the types and characteristics of oral information and oral information sources 4. Explain the Use of oral information and oral information sources 5. State the oral information and oral communication in daily life 6. Explain the oral tradition and oral communication in the digital age. 7. Discuss

106 3. enumerate the types and characteristics of oral information and oral information sources 4. Explain the Use of oral information and oral information sources 5. State the oral information and oral communication in daily life 6. Explain the oral tradition and oral communication in the digital age. 7. Discuss the Introduction to Indigenous Knowledge 8. State the relevance of oral tradition and oral information to Information Professionals ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 107 DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE FACULTY OF EDUCATION AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA LIBS 402: Digital Information Systems and Services Course Description This course will explain to the students the various ways of digitizing information resources in libraries and information centres and also the facilities required to digitization, the steps involve in digitization of information resources in libraries and information centres. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the concepts of Information Systems a. Definition of Information Systems b. Components of Information Systems 2. State the Functions of Information Systems in Libraries 3. List and explain the types and characteristics of Information Systems 4. Discuss the concept of Information Services 5. Discuss the concept of Digital Information Systems and Services 6. State the advantages of Digital Information Systems and Services 7. Explain Digitization and Process of Digitization 8. Describe Institutional Digital Repositories, with special reference to DSpace LIBS 414 Publishing of Information Resources Course Description The objective of the course is to get the student to begin to critically think about and to examine the process and mechanism through which information; ideas, opinion and thoughts are generated, produced, disseminated, shared and used. And how ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 108 ideas and products

is to get the student to begin to critically think about and to examine the process and mechanism through which information; ideas, opinion and thoughts are generated, produced, disseminated, shared and used. And how ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 108 ideas and products are themselves promoted and sold. The student will also learn about and learn to use the computer and the Internet as tools for the production and dissemination of texts and for the promotion and sales of products. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the concept of Publishing and Advertisement 2. State the Historical development of publishing 3. List and explain the Sources/ways of generating ideas in the society 4. Explain Publishing process 5. Enumerate the Marketing strategies for promoting published products 6. State the roles of standard organizations in regulating publishing of information resources 7. Explain the concept of Publishers and Authors 8. Explain the ethical issues in publishing and advertising 9. State the application of ICT in information generation, processing, production and dissemination LIBS428: Ethics in Information Work Course Description The course is designed to equip students with the knowledge of acceptable values, to distinguish right from wrong in the information profession and how to manage ethical dilemmas in the face of information service provision and management of information related organizations. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: 1. Explain the principled ethics 2. Provide a taxonomy of the ethics of information uses 3. Discuss the librarian and ethics 4. State the Ethical codes- an international overview ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 109 5. Discuss the ethics of information supply from selection to provision 6.

ethics 2. Provide a taxonomy of the ethics of information uses 3. Discuss the librarian and ethics 4. State the Ethical codes- an international overview ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 109 5. Discuss the ethics of information supply from selection to provision 6. Discuss Intellectual property questions 7. Explain Freedom of access, privacy and acceptable use 8. Explain Ethical management of the self, the individual and the organization 9. Describe Ethical theories 10. Explain Fair representation 11. Discuss Nonmaleficence Required Text 1. Richard, J. Severson (1997). The Principles of Information Ethics. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharp, inc. 2. McMenemy, D., Poulter, A., and Burton, P.F. (2007). A Handbook of Ethical practice: A practical guide to dealing with issues in information and library work. Oxford, England: Chandos publishing. LIBS 430: Project in Library and Information Work Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, the students should be able to: Write Project report from Chapter One to Five GENERAL MATTERS The following procedures are to be strictly followed under the appropriate situation. A. Illness While on campus, a student who fall sick should seek for immediate medical attention at the University Sick Bay. When necessary, the Sick Bay may refer serious cases to the Teaching Hospital for further special treatment. Whenever the medical condition of a student necessitates absence from academic activities, the department (HOD) should accordingly be notified in writing and upon resumption for normal academic work, appropriate medical report must be presented. Any student who ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 110 falls ill during an examination should immediately seek medical attention at the Sick Bay and has to obtain appropriate medical report and forward it to the Department (HOD) as soon as possible. If the

Any student who ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 110 falls ill during an examination should immediately seek medical attention at the Sick Bay and has to obtain appropriate medical report and forward it to the Department (HOD) as soon as possible. If the sick student must seek for further medical treatment outside the University Heal Services, the Department (HOD) must be formally informed in writing before leaving the University or Zaria. Outside the University Campus or Zaria (e.g. while at home on holidays) if as a result of ill-health, a student is likely to be late for registration, the department must be informed early enough. Upon resumption, supporting evidence(s) (e.g. medical report which has to be authenticated by the University Health Services) must be presented. 3.13 Deferment of Semester/Session A student who for a good cause wishes to defer semester or a whole session must put a formal application to the Department (HOD) for consideration and approval. This must be done in good time for such request to be tendered for consideration and final approval. A. Warning, Probation and Withdrawal: The academic standing of a student is being determined by the Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA). The minimum tolerable CGPA is 1.50 for classified first degree programme and 2.40 for non-classified first degree programme. i. Warning A student is warned if his/her CGPA drops below the minimum tolerable level CGPA for the first time. This warning is usually in the form if verbal advice by the Level Coordinator and the student must be made to be fully aware of the implication of dropping below the minimum tolerable CGPA in the next semester examination. ii. Probation A student is placed on probation if his/her CGPA drops below the minimum of tolerable level for two

advice by the Level Coordinator and the student must be made to be fully aware of the implication of dropping below the minimum tolerable CGPA in the next semester examination. ii. Probation A student is placed on probation if his/her CGPA drops below the minimum of tolerable level for two (2) consecutive semesters i.e. (CGPA less than 1.50). ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 111 iii. Withdrawal Withdrawal of a candidate from his/her programme is recommended to the Faculty Board of Examiners from the Department where the CGPA of the candidate drops below the minimum tolerable level (CGPA < 1.50) for four (4) consecutive semesters i.e. if the candidate has been on probation for four (4) consecutive semesters. The Faculty Board usually rectifies this recommendation and communicates same to the University Senate for approval. Withdrawal from the programme can also be made on grounds of absence. A student, who fails to register for two consecutive semesters without permission, automatically loses his/her place on this basis. TRANSFER CASES The Courses Credit System permits inter departmental and interfaculty transfers. For this to be possible, the candidate must satisfy the requirements of the intended departments or Faculties. NOTIFICATION OF RESULT After the Faculty Board has decided on the recommendations to be made to Senate, the Dean may publish them to the students as provisional examination result subject to Senate approval. The Head of Department may notify the students of the letter grades and CGPA they had obtained. Transcript of examination results may only be issued on request by the student on payment of the prescribed fee to institutions of higher education and institutional sponsors. Certificate of the award of degrees approved by the Senate shall be issued to successful graduates. DISCIPLINE The Examination regulation set out above

Transcript of examination results may only be issued on request by the student on payment of the prescribed fee to institutions of higher education and institutional sponsors. Certificate of the award of degrees approved by the Senate shall be issued to successful graduates. DISCIPLINE The Examination regulation set out above binds on all students, the breach of which carries serious punishments prescribed below: ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 112 i. Expulsion from the University The followings offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion: a. Impersonation at examinations. This may involve exchange of examination number, name/answer sheets or the intentional use of someone else examination number b. Introduction of relevant materials to examination hall which may involve c. The exchange of question paper containing relevant jotting and materials, or d. Collaboration/copying from each other or e. Exchange of answer scripts f. Theft/Removal of Examination scripts or materials g. Mischief by fire to examination scripts or materials h. Copying from cheat notes i. Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall j. Facilitating/abetting cheating; ii. Rustication for one academic year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one academic session: a. Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts b. Introduction of foreign material to the examination hall. c. Non-appearance at the Senate Examination Irregularities and Malpractices Committee (ERIC). d. After first warning, the student will be rusticated for one year. e. Introduction of mobile phones(s) to the examination hall iii. Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning: a. Speaking/conversation during examination b. Writing on question papers/scripts Details on examination rules and regulations may be obtained from the University Calendar published by Academic Planning and Monitoring Unit. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 113 COMPUTER

following offences shall attract a written warning: a. Speaking/conversation during examination b. Writing on question papers/scripts Details on examination rules and regulations may be obtained from the University Calendar published by Academic Planning and Monitoring Unit. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 113 COMPUTER LABORATORY The Department currently has a Computer Laboratory with fifteen (14) computers, a server and a super Printer along with Internet Connection. All students both undergraduate and postgraduate and staff of the Department are entitled to make use of the Computer Laboratory facilities. There is a Computer Laboratory Operator who manages the Computer Laboratory. There are certain rules and regulations for the use of the laboratory facilities which one can get from the Laboratory Coordinator. LIBRARY The Abdullahi Mohammed Public Library widely known as Samaru Public Library (SPL) serves as the departmental library and laboratory for practical. It is located near the North Gate of the Main Campus. It was opened on 5th May, 1963. It is financed and administered by Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria through the Department of Library and Information Science. The objectives of setting up the library are to cater for the Ahmadu Bello University community, the general public in samaru and the surrounding villages. It is also to serve as a training ground or laboratory for the students of the department. It is open to all staff members of the university and any one from samaru Township as well as children, young people and adults from around Zaria. The library is divided into two sections, adults and children sections. Most of the users are students from Ahmadu Bello University Demonstration secondary school and other secondary school leavers from samaru and the surrounding villages. Since there are many school leavers that use the samaru public library, emphasis

around Zaria. The library is divided into two sections, adults and children sections. Most of the users are students from Ahmadu Bello University Demonstration secondary school and other secondary school leavers from samaru and the surrounding villages. Since there are many school leavers that use the samaru public library, emphasis is placed on supplying the kinds of materials that students need for independent study and for SSCE and ‘A’ Levels examinations. Books for technical students are also stocked. There are also books on library and information systems and services. The collection of the library is however, similar in every respect to that of a typical public library collection. The children section is stocked with books from British ladybird books, ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 114 American children books and children’s books from other countries. Students of the department also make use of the faculty library, where books, past projects, and journals related to the field of library and information science are kept. ACADEMIC LINKAGE The first academic linkage with any foreign university was with Emporia State University’s School of Library and Information Management (SLIM) in July 2001, under the college and Universities Affiliation Programme (CUAP). The CUAP project director Professor John Agada, an alumnus of the department, led the team which included the curriculum design expert Professor Martha Hale that visited the department. Through the programme two academic staff of the department: Dr Abdullahi I. Musa and Dr Ezra S. Gbaje visited Emporia State University where series of intensive ICT workshops, seminars were organized for them and the two staff later obtained their PhD and masters degrees respectively from the same university. ENQUIRIES Enquiries from students could be routed through their Level Coordinator or the Head of Department. Enquiries from all other quarter

State University where series of intensive ICT workshops, seminars were organized for them and the two staff later obtained their PhD and masters degrees respectively from the same university. ENQUIRIES Enquiries from students could be routed through their Level Coordinator or the Head of Department. Enquiries from all other quarter should be addressed to the Head of Department. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 115 APPENDIX 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PREAMBLE The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campusbased programmes”. 1.2 DLC LAW AND STATUTE The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR DLC EXAMINATION POLICY 1. The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 116 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations shall be

all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 116 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations shall be supervised examinations as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 NIGERIAN STUDENTS Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 117 programmes

Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 117 programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identifications hall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. 4.0 ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 118 2. All examination questions shall

Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 118 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three (3) semesters in every session. 4. Examination timelines: a) All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e-tutors within four weeks of the semester. b) All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c) All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d) A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science:

students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 119 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS)

for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 120 examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour after the examination has started shall not be allowed to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity.

whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 121 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the

CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 122 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESIS MANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant

of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 123 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 OFFENCE BY STUDENTS (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach

an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 OFFENCE BY STUDENTS (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: i. Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 124 else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination ii. Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. iii. Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. iv. Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. v. Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. vi. Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. vii. Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. viii. Willful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. ix. Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. x. Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session i. Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) ii. Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. iii. Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) iv. If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. v. Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other

of answer scripts (where applicable) ii. Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. iii. Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) iv. If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. v. Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 125 vi. Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations vii. Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. OFFENCES INVOLVING STAFF 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. 2. Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of

be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Bachelor of Library & Information Science: BLIS) 126 5. Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Scripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (B.Sc. Disaster Risks Management ) DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE Ahmadu Bello University STUDENT HANDBOOK DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters Disaster Risk Management) ii © 2024, Distance Learning Centre, ABU Zaria, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the Director, Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. First published 2023 Published and Printed by Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tel: 08065949711 abupress@abu.edu.ng info@abupress.com.ng Website: www.abupress.com.ng ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters Disaster Risk Management) iii FOREWORD Whereas the Distance Learning Centre Prospectus covers all aspects of the Distance Learning delivery in Ahmadu Bello University, the DLC Masters in Disaster Risk Management Student Handbook is designed to give you an overview of Disaster Risk Management by Distance Learning in the Ahmadu Bello University. A Handbook of this nature is a must read for you. It provides useful information on the nature, orientation and scope of the Disaster Risk Management programme as well as highlights the uniqueness of this delivery modality. As you opt for the distance learning mode to acquire a Masters in Disaster Risk Management, we shall strive to make your learning experience a memorable one. I urge you to commit, discipline and submit yourself to the demand of distance education. This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again, I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning

to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again, I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters Disaster Risk Management) iv CONTENTS Copyright page ... ... ... ... ... ii Foreword ... ... ... ... ... ... iii Contents ... ... ... ... ... … iv PART 1: General Information ... ... 1 1.1 Principal Officers of the University ... ... 3 1.2 Officers of the University ... ... 4 1.3 DLC Principal Officers ... ... 4 1.4 Historical Perspective ... ... ... ... 5 1.5 Zaria. ... ... ... ... ... ... 7 1.6 Philosophy and Objectives of the University ... 8 1.7 University Administration ... ... ... 9 1.8 Faculties, Institutes, Centres and Schools ... 10 PART 2 Distance Learning Centre ... ... 12 2.1 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 13 2.4 Administration ... ... ... ... 15 2.5 Distance Learning Centre Academic Calendar 16 2.6 Programmes for Distance Learning Delivery 18 2.7 Deployment of Distance Learning Programmes 28 2.8 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery ... 20 2.9 ICT Infrastructure ... ... ... ... 21 2.10 Studying as a Distance Learner ... ... 22 2.11 Waiver and Deferment Guidelines ... ... 30 PART 3 Masters in Disaster Risks Management 36 3.1 Background 37 3.2 Philosophy 37 3.3 The Vision 37 3.4 The Mission 37 3.5 Objectives of the Programme 38 3.6 Intended Learning Outcomes for the Programme38 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters Disaster Risk Management) v 3.7 General Requirements

... 30 PART 3 Masters in Disaster Risks Management 36 3.1 Background 37 3.2 Philosophy 37 3.3 The Vision 37 3.4 The Mission 37 3.5 Objectives of the Programme 38 3.6 Intended Learning Outcomes for the Programme38 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters Disaster Risk Management) v 3.7 General Requirements 38 3.8 Course Structure and Requirements for Graduation 39 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 49 1.0 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 49 1.1 Preamble ... ... ... ... ... 49 1.2 DLC law and statute ... ... ... ... 49 1.3 Justification for DLC examination policy ... 49 2.0 Examination Venues ... ... ... ... 49 2.1 Nigerian students ... ... ... ... 50 2.2 International students ... ... ... 50 3.0 Preparation for examinations ... ... ... 50 4.0 Administering examinations ... ... ... 51 5.0 Appointment of external/internal moderators/examiners 53 6.0 General examination regulations, ... ... 53 7.0 Consequences for failing to write examinations 55 8.0 Academic monitoring/quality assurance ... 55 9.0 Research work and project, dissertation and thesis management ... ... ... ... 56 10.0 Duties of invigilators ... ... ... ... 56 11.0 Examination malpractice ... ... ... 57 12.0 Sanctions ... ... ... ... ... 57 13.0 Management of examination results ... ... 59 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters Disaster Risk Management) vi PART I General Information ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 1 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 2 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof.

and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 2 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Raymond R. Bako Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 3 1.2 VISITOR, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEANS AND DIRECTORS Visitor: Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vic- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A.

Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 4 Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar Farouq Yaya Director, Directorate of University Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management and Development Studies& Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof.

for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 5 Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law: Dr. Salim Bashir Magashi Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto,

Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded in Samaru, Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 6 had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institution has since inception been under

that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institution has since inception been under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (19751978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (19861991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991-1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004- 2009), Professor Abdullahi Mustapha (2009-2015), Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Professor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 7 The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental reorganisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of

a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 8 Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the

Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 9 promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of

a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. The University Senate building ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 10 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management)

Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 11 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management and Development Studies& Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 12 PART II Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 13 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus-based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has

to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional income by means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 14 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be

delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and eLearning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 15 to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning

reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 16 day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Disaster Risk Management and Development Studiesand Development Studies CDRMDS) 17

which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Disaster Risk Management and Development Studiesand Development Studies CDRMDS) 17 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferment ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 18 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. Disaster Risks Management , B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages

Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 19 ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration

observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 20 The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of relevant Discussion questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and

Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 21 Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student- student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common room. The Liaison Offices shall be administered by an Administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation,

the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 22 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will be working through specially prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills that would assist you in studying independently. A. Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium

of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 23 Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to read between the lines and beyond the lines; 5. You must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure

study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write well by imitating good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are reading. Therefore, you need the skill of note taking and note making. When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; 3. be consistent in note taking; ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 24 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be

read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will make study more appropriate and effective such as: 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while you are studying because notes may not be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 25 All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested

courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing, drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. C. Preparing for Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. i. Start early To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact your first day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 26 ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last

Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 26 ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, handouts or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials to learn for examinations. v. Revise Revise for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go

Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 27 on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You are learning the facts for the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word

reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 28 Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct

6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well-focused conclusion. 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 29 Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination

having no time for the other points. 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. F. Studying for Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 30 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper

Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. 1. Read and fully understand the examination regulations 2. ii.. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional

the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 31 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment application is abudlc-abu.ng 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment (scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be made at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: Acct Name: ABU Microfinance

release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: Acct Name: ABU Microfinance Bank, Acct No.: ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 32 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester – whichever is more convenient for you. - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd

examination venue. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 33 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/ “classroom”

- 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/ “classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e-tutors shall be made available to you. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 34 - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business

life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition”: - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership”: - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 35 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes

you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 36 Part III MASTERS IN DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 37 BACKGROUND TO THE PROGRAMME Nigeria, like any other country in Africa, is faced with various environmental, economic and social challenges. Efforts to overcome these challenges are often hampered by the occurrence of natural and man-made disasters. In order to effectively prepare for, and respond to these disasters, an inter-disciplinary approach is needed. Such an approach is only possible if people are empowered with appropriate skills and knowledge. With these skills, the occurrence and impacts of disasters can be reduced by implementing effective initiatives focused on Disaster Risk Management and reduction as well as disaster preparedness, response and relief. Masters in Disaster Risk Management offers postgraduate students the opportunity to acquire skills and knowledge in an inter-disciplinary one-year postgraduate degree to understand and manage disasters and its consequences. Upon completion of this innovative postgraduate programme in Disaster Risk Management, graduates will be awarded a professional Masters Degree in Disaster Risk Management. MISSION The mission of the programme is to produce graduates that will translate their knowledge of Disaster Risk Management into effective tools for sustainable development of the society. VISION The vision of the

programme in Disaster Risk Management, graduates will be awarded a professional Masters Degree in Disaster Risk Management. MISSION The mission of the programme is to produce graduates that will translate their knowledge of Disaster Risk Management into effective tools for sustainable development of the society. VISION The vision of the programme is to provide Excellence in Disaster Risk Management and sustainable development through training, research, community development and public enlightenment. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 38 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME The main aim of the programme is to build Disaster Risk Management capacity at all levels within Ministries, Parastatals, Agencies, Organizations and Communities in Nigeria and beyond. This will enable participants to understand and effectively manage all kinds of disaster risks and their impacts. The following specific objectives are emphasized:  To establish a virtual Disaster Risk Management Training and Education Centre in Nigeria.  To develop an education and training programme for all Disaster Risk Management practitioners.  To establish a multi-disciplinary research team to conduct Disaster Risk Management research in Nigeria and beyond.  Grasp the nature of vital linkages between disasters and disaster risk management, the development process and its implementation. INTENDED PARTICIPANTS This course is suitable to people interested or currently working in the fields of disaster, risk and emergency management in either the public or private sector, including, Disaster Managers, Security and rescue personnel, Risk Managers, NGO”s, Agricultural Officials, Traffic Personnel, Health Officials, Town Planners, Trauma Officials, Communication Officials, Environmentalists, IT Managers, Information Managers, Police Officers, Military Officials, Sociologists, Psychologists, Anthropologists, Paramedics, Veterinary Officers, Engineers, Road Safety Officers, Quarantine Officers, Civil Defense Corps, Fire Service Officers, NEMA Staff, Aviation Personnel, Red Cross and Etcetera. ENTRY REQUIREMENTS This course is open to graduates of Management and Administrative Studies, Sciences;

Officials, Environmentalists, IT Managers, Information Managers, Police Officers, Military Officials, Sociologists, Psychologists, Anthropologists, Paramedics, Veterinary Officers, Engineers, Road Safety Officers, Quarantine Officers, Civil Defense Corps, Fire Service Officers, NEMA Staff, Aviation Personnel, Red Cross and Etcetera. ENTRY REQUIREMENTS This course is open to graduates of Management and Administrative Studies, Sciences; Engineering; Environmental ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 39 Studies, Social sciences and Humanities, Human and Veterinary Health Sciences and Law. i. Candidates for the Masters programme must possess at least a Second Class Lower (Honours) degree from the Ahmadu Bello University or any other recognized university or Higher National Diploma with Postgraduate Diploma Certificate from a recognized University. ii. Candidates with M.Sc. in Physical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Applied Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Sciences, Education are eligible. APPLICATION PROCEDURE Application forms are available at: apply.abudlc.edu.ng detailed information on how to obtain the form can be accessed from (www.abudlc.edu.ng). COURSE DELIVERY AND EVALUATION The strategies for course delivery will involve: interactive lectures using the Learning Management System (LMS), classroom exercises, presentations, video shows, group work, discussions, field work and research project. COURSE STRUCTURE i Lecturers for these programmes are drawn from 6 faculties of the University ii The duration of the Master programme is 12 months or one academic session iii Candidates for Masters must pass all prescribed core courses and earn a minimum of 32 credit units before graduation. In addition, candidates must attend a practical field trip at an emergency site (man-made or natural). Candidates must also write a project on any aspect of Disaster Risk Management and Development Studies and Development. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 40 LIST OF COURSES FOR MASTERS PROGRAMME The following courses shall be mounted during the programme: FIRST SEMESTER DRMS 800 - Research Project

must also write a project on any aspect of Disaster Risk Management and Development Studies and Development. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 40 LIST OF COURSES FOR MASTERS PROGRAMME The following courses shall be mounted during the programme: FIRST SEMESTER DRMS 800 - Research Project DRMS 801 - Research Project Writing DRMS 803 - Natural and man-made hazards and their Management DRMS 805 - Vulnerability Capacity Assessment DRMS 807 - Disaster Risk Management and Development Studies Policies and Plans DRMS 809 - Media, ICT and Disaster Management DRMS 811 - IDP Shelter/Camp Management DRMS 813 - Applications of Remote Sensing and GIS in Disaster Management DRMS 815 - Public Health aspects in Disaster management DRMS 817 - Emergency Preparedness Response DRMS 819 - Field Course SECOND SEMESTER DRMS 800 - Research Project DRMS 802 - Management of Media Relations DRMS 804 - Conflict Management DRMS 806 - Trauma Management DRMS 808 - Community participation in Disaster Management DRMS 812 - Search and Rescue Operations DRMS 814 - Climate Change and Food Security DRMS 816 - Resettlement, Reconstruction and Recovery Planning and Management DRMS 818 - Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation DRMS 822 - Damage, Loss and Needs Assessment ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 41 COURSES, CREDIT UNITS AND STATUS FOR MASTERS PROGRAMME FIRST SEMESTER COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE STATUS CREDIT UNITS DRMS 800 Research Project Core 8 DRMS 801 Research Project Writing Core 3 DRMS 803 Natural and man-made hazards and their Management Elective 3 DRMS 805 Vulnerability Capacity Assessment Core 3 DRMS 807 Disaster Risk Management and Development StudiesPolicies and Plans Core 3 DRMS 809 Media, ICT and Disaster Management Elective 3 DRMS 811 IDP Shelter/Camp Management Core 3 DRMS 813 Applications of R/S and GIS in

man-made hazards and their Management Elective 3 DRMS 805 Vulnerability Capacity Assessment Core 3 DRMS 807 Disaster Risk Management and Development StudiesPolicies and Plans Core 3 DRMS 809 Media, ICT and Disaster Management Elective 3 DRMS 811 IDP Shelter/Camp Management Core 3 DRMS 813 Applications of R/S and GIS in Disaster Management Elective 3 DRMS 815 Public Health aspects in Disaster management Core 3 DRMS 817 Emergency Preparedness Response Core 3 DRMS 819 Field Course Core 3 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 42 COURSES, CREDIT UNITS AND STATUS FOR MASTERS PROGRAMME SECOND SEMESTER COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE STATUS CREDIT UNITS DRMS 800 Project Core 8 DRMS 802 Management of Media Relations Elective 3 DRMS 804 Conflict Management Core 3 DRMS 806 Trauma Management Core 3 DRMS 808 Community Participation in Disaster Management Core 3 DRMS 812 Search and Rescue Operations Core 3 DRMS 814 Climate Change and Food Security Core 3 DRMS 816 Resettlement, Reconstruction and Recovery Planning and Management Elective 3 DRMS 818 Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation Elective 3 DRMS 822 Damage, Loss and Needs Assessment Core 3 SUBJECT DESCRIPTION (MASTERS) DRMS 801 Research Project Writing (3CU)  Development of knowledge and skills of students to conduct qualitative and quantitative research. Planning, design and management of practical research and coining skills in proposal writing, abstracting, methodology, referencing etc. Understanding participatory action research (PAR). Construct and present a project proposal for mini dissertation. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 43 DRMS 803 Natural and Unnatural Disasters and their Management (3CU)  Categories and characteristics of disaster threats. Environmental and other hazards. Identification, description and management of all potential hazards that may occur in an area. Man-made crises, political, religious etc. Critical and common factors in responding to disasters.

Management) 43 DRMS 803 Natural and Unnatural Disasters and their Management (3CU)  Categories and characteristics of disaster threats. Environmental and other hazards. Identification, description and management of all potential hazards that may occur in an area. Man-made crises, political, religious etc. Critical and common factors in responding to disasters. Principles of few natural and human-made disasters. Formulation of hazard and risk reduction strategies. Formulation of prevention and mitigation strategies. DRMS 805 Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment (3CU)  Execution of qualitative and quantitative methods of risk and vulnerability assessment. Integrated risk and resourcesassessment. Hazard mapping. Determination of potential disaster losses. Establishing levels of acceptable risk. Utilizing GIS as a means to manage risk and vulnerability assessment. The purpose of conducting VCA, Principles of VCA, VCA process, VCA methodology/tools, VCA data Analysis and writing of VCA report. DRMS 807 Disaster Risk Management and Development Studies Policies and Plans (3CU) A review of DRM policies and plans in Nigeria; including national Disaster Management Framework; National Disaster Response Plan, Search and Rescue Epidemic Evacuation plan, Contingency plan on infrastructure resuscitation, national Nuclear and radiological plan, Nigerian National Influenza Pandemic Response Plan, Military Assistance to Civil Authority Plan. etc DRMS 809 Media, ICT and Disaster Management (3CU)  Understanding the link between decision-making and information. Classification of information systems that can have an impact on the dynamic disaster environment. Demonstrate the process of the development of a ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 44 Management Information System. Understand the concept of simulation decision-making for Disaster Management. Demonstrate how different information technologies can be used in Disaster Management. Pay attention to information needed within the organizational context. The importance of information to the manager, how he/she applies it, how the information is retrieved and from what type of source are only

of simulation decision-making for Disaster Management. Demonstrate how different information technologies can be used in Disaster Management. Pay attention to information needed within the organizational context. The importance of information to the manager, how he/she applies it, how the information is retrieved and from what type of source are only a few of the issues which will be discussed. Applications of information in the industry, information systems and their management, as well as the integrity thereof will be explored. DRMS 811 IDP Shelter/Camp Management (3CU)  The main aim of this course to expose students to understanding the situations and experiences of IDPs and build their skills for managing their needs and challenges; Understand key steps in setting up, and operating humanitarian assistance program; Understand the routine, roles and functions, work commitments and the essential aspects of administration and reporting; Develop skills for RHAP design, operating procedures, data management, and delivery of essentials services; Understand ways to plan and manage emergency shelter as well as the principles of design of camp shelter and related facilities and activities. DRMS 813 Applications of Remote Sensing and GIS in Disaster Management (3CU)  Definitions, energy sources, radiation principles and interaction with different bodies, highlights of remote sensing systems, the basics of manual and digital image analysis. DRMS 815 Public Health Aspects in Disaster Management (3CU)  Understanding concepts related to Public Health with regard to biological, community health and psychosocial and ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 45 certain mental health implications of disasters. Biological warfare, Veterinary risk, Epidemiology, Community Assessment, Infection Control and Preventative Disease. Handling and management of health risks during disasters and/or conflict. Psycho-social aspects of HIV/AIDS and mental health burn-out. DRMS 817 Emergency Preparedness Response (EPR) (3CU)  Overview of Disaster preparedness; Disaster preparedness measures;

mental health implications of disasters. Biological warfare, Veterinary risk, Epidemiology, Community Assessment, Infection Control and Preventative Disease. Handling and management of health risks during disasters and/or conflict. Psycho-social aspects of HIV/AIDS and mental health burn-out. DRMS 817 Emergency Preparedness Response (EPR) (3CU)  Overview of Disaster preparedness; Disaster preparedness measures; Response mechanisms and Strategies; Preparedness Planning and Coordination; Information management; early Warning Systems; Resource Mobilization; Public education, Training and Exercises etc. 819 Field Course  Field Course (one week practical attachment programme at NEMA; visit to Emergency sites, man-made and natural hazard locations) DRMS 800 Project (8CU)  A written project on any aspect of Disaster Risk Management and Development Studiesand Development of not less than 10,000 words must be written by each candidate. DRMS 802 Management of Media Relations (3CU)  Managing the media in risk information dissemination. Understanding the influence of old-fashioned charity approach and the rights-based approach to the provision of humanitarian assistance has on public participation. Role of communities in all phases of Disaster Management if a public participation programme is planned and coordinated effectively. Risk communication. Community based information dissemination. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 46 DRMS 804 Conflict Management (3CU)  Discuss types of conflict, causes of conflict: social, political, economic, and cultural. Trends in conflicts in Nigeria. Economic costs of conflicts. Theories of conflict resolution. DRMS 806 Trauma Management (3CU)  The management of crisis intervention and trauma management to support victims of traumatic incidents. Post- traumatic-stress and burnout resulting from long-term exposure to traumatic incidents and the emotional distress of victims of trauma. Coping strategies and management principles of natural disasters, human made disasters, family and sexual violence and injury, chronic and life threatening illness. DRMS 808 Community Participation in Disaster Management (3CU)  Community mobilization Strategies;

burnout resulting from long-term exposure to traumatic incidents and the emotional distress of victims of trauma. Coping strategies and management principles of natural disasters, human made disasters, family and sexual violence and injury, chronic and life threatening illness. DRMS 808 Community Participation in Disaster Management (3CU)  Community mobilization Strategies; Community based Early Warning Systems; Public education Strategies; hazard Risk Assessment; Vulnerability Assessment; Capacity assessment; Emergency Preparedness principles; Principles of Disaster Management. DRMS 812 Search and Rescue Operations (3CU)  Identification of size-up requirements for potential search and rescue situations; Most common techniques for searching, both interior and exterior; Safe techniques for debris removal and victim extrication; Ways to protect rescuers during search and rescue operations. DRMS 814 Climate Change and Food Security (3CU)  The Principle of Climate change, Causes of Climate change, Magnitude and Patterns of Climate change, reality of climate change in Nigeria, Effect of Climate change on Man and Environment, Vulnerability of Nigeria to climate ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 47 change. Discusses the impact of climate change on Agriculture and food Security. DRMS 816 Resettlement, Reconstruction and Recovery Planning and Management (3CU)  Recovery experience: successes, difficulties, and how to overcome them; Recovery actions: physical and psychological; Housing reconstruction; Housing design; Participatory housing programme; Community resilience; Reconstruction in other sectors; management, monitoring and evaluation process; Rehabilitation services; Phasing reconstruction. DRMS 818 Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation (3CU)  This course focuses on Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). It looks at the issue of climate change and reality of climate change in Nigeria. Vulnerability of Nigeria to climate change. Discusses the impact of climate change and climate change adaptations. Looks at DRR and DRR practices, the Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action for a safe

Risk Reduction (DRR). It looks at the issue of climate change and reality of climate change in Nigeria. Vulnerability of Nigeria to climate change. Discusses the impact of climate change and climate change adaptations. Looks at DRR and DRR practices, the Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action for a safe World and International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR). DRMS 822 Damage, Loss and Needs Assessment  This Course is meant to educate Students on the Principles of Post Damage and Loss Assessment (DaLA) and Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA). The Course will also cover how to conduct DaLA and PDNA. Some case studies; particularly, the 2012 Flood Disaster in Nigeria. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 48 The Centre is temporarily housed within the Department of Geography. FACILITIES The following are facilities are available to the Centre: i Two Geographic Information System (GIS) Laboratories located in the Department of Geography ii One 150KVA generator iii Three large lecture rooms iv 24 hour - internet service v Large Library The Department of Geography has a Geographic Information System Teaching Laboratory and a Geographic Information System Research Laboratory. The equipment in these laboratories are the best in the country as at now. These laboratories can be very useful in the area of creating and managing data base for Disaster Management. They can also be useful in analysing satellite imageries of Disaster prone areas. The department of Geography also has collaboration with the National Centre for Remote Sensing in Jos. This will enable the Centre obtain Satellite imageries of any part of the country. These facilities are already being used for teaching and research in various programmes within the University. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 49 APPENDIX 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES 1.0 INTRODUCTION

Jos. This will enable the Centre obtain Satellite imageries of any part of the country. These facilities are already being used for teaching and research in various programmes within the University. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 49 APPENDIX 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PREAMBLE The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campusbased programmes”. 1.2 DLC LAW AND STATUTE The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR DLC EXAMINATION POLICY 1. The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 50 using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations shall be supervised examinations as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside

Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 50 using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations shall be supervised examinations as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 NIGERIAN STUDENTS Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 51 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks

distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 51 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identifications hall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. 4.0 ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 52 (3) Semesters in every session. 4. Examination timelines:

All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 52 (3) Semesters in every session. 4. Examination timelines: a) All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e-tutors within four weeks of the semester. b) All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c) All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d) A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management)

four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 53 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour after the examination has started shall not be allowed to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the ABU

the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour after the examination has started shall not be allowed to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 54 cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all

receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 55 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security

without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 56 semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESISMANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item

4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 57 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 OFFENCE BY STUDENTS (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: i. Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination ii. Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. ABU Distance Learning

of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: i. Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination ii. Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 58 iii. Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. iv. Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. v. Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. vi. Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. vii. Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. viii. Willful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. ix. Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. x. Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session i. Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) ii. Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. iii. Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) iv. If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. v. Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. vi. Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations vii. Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management)

and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. vi. Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations vii. Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Disaster Risk Management) 59 (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. 11.2 OFFENCES INVOLVING STAFF 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. 2. Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. 5. Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Scripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

of their results for a fee. 5. Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Scripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) i DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria. STUDENT HANDBOOK Post Graduate Diploma in Information Management (PGDIM) ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) ii © 2023 Distance Learning Centre, ABU Zaria, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the Director, Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. First published 2018 Published and Printed by Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tel: 08065949711 abupress@abu.edu.ng info@abupress.com.ng Website: www.abupress.com.ng ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) iii FOREWORD Whereas the Distance Learning Centre Prospectus covers all aspects of the Distance Learning delivery in Ahmadu Bello University, the DLC Post Graduate Diploma in Information Management (PGDIM) Student Handbook is designed to give you an overview of the PGDIM by Distance Learning in the Ahmadu Bello University. A Handbook of this nature is a must read for you. It provides useful information on the nature, orientation and scope of the PGDIM programme as well as highlights the uniqueness of this delivery modality. As you opt for the distance learning mode to acquire a Post Graduate Diploma in Management, we shall strive to make your learning experience a memorable one. I urge you to commit, discipline and submit yourself to the demand of distance education. This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on

that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) iv CONTENTS Copyright page ... ... ... … ii Foreword ... ... ... ... ... iii Contents ... ... ... ... ... iv PART 1: General Information ... ... ... 1 1.1 Principal Officers of the University ... ... 3 1.2 Visitor, Principal Officers, Deans and Directors 4 1.3 Historical Perspective ... ... ... ... 8 1.4 Zaria ... ... ... ... ... ... 9 1.4 Philosophy and Objectives of the University ... 11 1.6 University Administration ... ... ... 11 1.7 Faculties, Institutes, Centres and Schools ... .... 12 PART 2 Distance Learning Centre ... ... ... 14 2.1 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 15 2.2 Distance Learning Centre Academic Calendar … 18 2.3 Programmes for Distance Learning Delivery ... 20 2.4 Deployment of Distance Learning Programme 20 2.5 Studying as a Distance Learner ... ... 23 2.6 Waiver and Deferment Guidelines ... ... 32 PART 3: Postgraduate Diploma in Information Management (PGDIM) … … … 37 3.1 Philosophy and Objectives of PG Programme 38 3.2 Entry Requirement into the Department of Library & Information Science … … …. … 40 Registration Guidelines … … … … 40 Academic Linkage … … … … 54 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 1.0 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 56 1.1 Preamble ... ... ... ... ... 56 1.2 DLC Law and Statute ... ... ... 56 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy

… … … … 40 Academic Linkage … … … … 54 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 1.0 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 56 1.1 Preamble ... ... ... ... ... 56 1.2 DLC Law and Statute ... ... ... 56 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy ... 56 ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) v 2.0 Examination Venues ... ... 56 2.1 Nigerian Students ... ... ... ... 57 2.2 International Students ... ... ... 57 3.0 Preparation for Examinations ... ... ... 57 4.0 Administering Examinations ... ... ... 58 5.0 Appointment of External/Internal Moderators/Examiners 60 6.0 General Examination Regulations, ... ... 60 7.0 Consequences for Failing to Write Examinations 62 8.0 Academic Monitoring/Quality Assurance ... 62 9.0 Research Work and Project, Dissertation and Thesis Management ... ... ... ... 62 10.0 Duties of Invigilators ... ... ... ... 63 11.0 Examination Malpractice ... ... ... 64 12.0 Sanctions ... ... ... ... ... 64 12.1 Offence by Students ... ... ... … 64 12.2 Offences Involving Staff ... ... ... … … 66 13.0 Management of Examination Results ... … 66 ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 1 PART I GENERAL INFORMATION ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 2 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 3 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Malam Adamu Fika, CFR Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Raymond R. Bako Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 4 1.2

Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Raymond R. Bako Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 4 1.2 VISITOR, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEANS AND DIRECTORS Visitor: Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vice- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 5 Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar

A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar Farouq Yaya Director, Directorate of University Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) – Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 6 Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law:

Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law: Dr. Salim Bashir Magashi Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 7 Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 8 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile- Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College

ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded in Samaru, Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 9 The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institutionhas since inception been under the successive ViceChancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (19751978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (19861991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991-1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U.

Departments. The institutionhas since inception been under the successive ViceChancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (19751978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (19861991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991-1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004-2009), Professor Abdullahi Mustapha (2009-2015), Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Prof.essor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental reorganisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables.

century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ginning, ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 10 peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 11 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious

of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 12 The University Senate building 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty

and academic matters. ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 12 The University Senate building 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 20. School of Postgraduate Studies ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 13 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 14 PART II DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 15 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning

for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 14 PART II DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 15 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus-based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without

about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional income by means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 16 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and eLearning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate

the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and eLearning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 17 E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several

Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 18 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDIM) 19 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferments ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 20 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc.

by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. International Studies, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDIM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i Online Application by the prospective student. ii Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv Online Registration by students. v v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 21 vi Resource Centres vii Matriculation and Orientation viii Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. ix Project work and seminar. x Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. xi Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes);Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and

(PGDIM) 21 vi Resource Centres vii Matriculation and Orientation viii Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. ix Project work and seminar. x Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. xi Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes);Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xii Approval of results. xiii Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 22 In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages

of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 22 In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of relevant Discussion questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 23 vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as

of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common room. The Liaison Offices shall be administered by an Administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will be working through specially prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 24 Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere

materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 24 Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills that would assist you in studying independently. A. Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume

attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to read between the lines and beyond the lines; 5. You must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 25 Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write well by imitating good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and

writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are reading. Therefore, you need the skill of note taking and note making. When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; 3. be consistent in note taking; 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 26 or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will make study more appropriate and effective such as: 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf Some people find it easy to

will make study more appropriate and effective such as: 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while you are studying because notes may not be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 27 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing, drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to

drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. i. Start early To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact your first day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, handouts or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials to learn for examinations. v. Revise Revise for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 28 Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. vi. Be familiar with the exam

examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 28 Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You are learning the facts for the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the

time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 29 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate

any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 30 Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating

second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well-focused conclusion. 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. F. Studying for Multiple-Choice Examinations you should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 31 How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but,

term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. 1. Read and fully understand the examination regulations 2. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers

Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 32 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment is abudlc-edu.com. 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be forwarded at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of

be forwarded at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 33 D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester – whichever is more convenient for you. - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and

and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 34 - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable

frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 35 - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e-tutors shall be made available to you. - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation,

project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 36 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can

Handbook (PGDIM) 36 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 37 PART III POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (PGDIM) ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 38 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF PG PROGRAMME A. Philosophy The philosophy of education for Library and Information Science is based on the national objectives, as contained in section 1, paragraph 1 of the National Policy on Education; viz: i. A free and democratic society ii. A just and egalitarian society iii. A united, strong and self-reliant nation iv. A great and dynamic economy v. A land of bright and full opportunities for all citizens. To make the philosophy functional, the National Policy on Education (Sections 5 and 9) provides details of these goals under Higher Education. The provisions as contained in section 5, are as follows: i. The acquisition, development and inculcation of proper value - orientation for the survival of the individual and society. ii. The development of the intellectual capacities of the individual to enable

9) provides details of these goals under Higher Education. The provisions as contained in section 5, are as follows: i. The acquisition, development and inculcation of proper value - orientation for the survival of the individual and society. ii. The development of the intellectual capacities of the individual to enable him/her understand and appreciate his/her environment. iii. The acquisition of both physical and intellectual skills which will enable the individual to develop into a useful member of the Community. iv. The acquisition of an objective view of local and external environments. B. Objectives of LIS PG Programme Apart from the role of libraries in educational institutions, they also provide information for personal and National development as a whole in settings such as the community, research institutions, government establishments and industries. Consequently, education for Library and Information Science is expected: i. To produce Library and Information professionals for all types of libraries, information and documentation centres. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 39 ii. To equip the products of the programme with relevant theoretical knowledge, practical skills and techniques to develop and enhance their job performance. iii. To encourage the spirit of inquiry and creativity among the Library and Information professionals so that they are capable of understanding the emerging concepts of the role of information in a complex multi-cultural, multi-ethnic and largely non -literate society like Nigeria iv. To provide Library and Information professionals/managers/administrators with the intellectual and professional background adequate for their assignments and to make them adaptable to any changing situation. v. To provide an understanding of the role of the new communication technology (e.g Internet) in the handling of information. C. Core Values To achieve a mission, the Department adopts the following values: i. Integrity ii. Creativity iii. Innovation iv. Collaboration v. Technology adaptability and vi. Best

any changing situation. v. To provide an understanding of the role of the new communication technology (e.g Internet) in the handling of information. C. Core Values To achieve a mission, the Department adopts the following values: i. Integrity ii. Creativity iii. Innovation iv. Collaboration v. Technology adaptability and vi. Best practices ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 40 D. GENEARAL REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL THE PG PROGRAMS All students are expected to come along with the originals of the following 1. Admission letter or confirmation of admission 2. First degree original certificate for those who graduated more than three years 3. Second degree original Certificate for MPhil and PhD students 4. NYSC discharge certificate/Exemption certificate 5. ‘O’ level certificate(s) 6. Certificate of indigene 7. Birth certificate/Declaration of age E. POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (PGDIM). Programme Model: Part Time (Fridays & Saturdays) Programme Type: Professional Programme Duration: 12 months (2 semesters) ENTRY REQUIREMENTS Postgraduate Diploma Information Management (PGDIM) Candidates admitted into Postgraduate Diploma Information Management (PGDIM) must have 1. 5 “O” level credits in not more than two sittings including English and Mathematics 2. Bachelor of Library and Information Science/its equivalent with third class and less than 5 years post-graduation experiences 3. HND with at least merit/its equivalent COURSE REGISTRATION The senate of Ahmadu Bello University has fixed the minimum and maximum credit units a student can register in a semester. 12 credit units are the minimum registration requirement in a semester while 24 is the maximum. But it is always advisable to ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 41 register above the required minimum per semester in order to increase the chances of earning the required minimum credit units for graduation. Courses are generally categorized as core and elective. S/N Course Title Course Code Type Credit Unit Semester 1

always advisable to ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 41 register above the required minimum per semester in order to increase the chances of earning the required minimum credit units for graduation. Courses are generally categorized as core and elective. S/N Course Title Course Code Type Credit Unit Semester 1 Information Technology in Information Storage and Retrieval LIBS 701 Core 3 First 2 Information Organization LIBS 705 Core 3 First 3 Research Methods in Information Management LIBS 707 Core 3 First 4 Management Information System LIBS 709 Core 3 First 5 Telecommunication LIBS 711 Elective 3 First 6 Protection and Preservation of Information Source LIBS 713 Elective 3 First 7 Science and technological Information Sources and Services LIBS 719 Elective 3 First 8 Web 2.0 in Information Work LIBS 729 Elective 3 First 9 Computer and Computer Systems in Information Work LIBS 703 Elective 3 First ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 42 10 Computer Software and Computer Use LIBS 702 Core 3 Second 11 Database Construction and Management LIBS 712 Core 3 Second 12 Reference and Information Work LIBS 708 Core 3 Second 13 Intelligence Information Systems and Services LIBS 722 Core 3 Second 14 Project LIBS 777 Core 6 Second 15 Budgeting and Personnel Management in Information Work LIBS 710 Elective 3 Second 16 Social Science Information Sources and Services LIBS 716 Elective 3 Second 17 Introduction to Records and Archive Management LIBS 720 Elective 3 Second 18 Ethics in Information Work LIBS 714 Elective 3 Second ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 43 Note Students are advised to register all the core courses and minimum of two elective courses per semester. Student can register as many elective courses as he/she wishes. Student is also free to register all the required elective courses at a semester. Core courses:

Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 43 Note Students are advised to register all the core courses and minimum of two elective courses per semester. Student can register as many elective courses as he/she wishes. Student is also free to register all the required elective courses at a semester. Core courses: core courses are those courses which the Department considers very essential to the field of library and information science. That is, core courses are courses which form the backbone of the profession as such are being considered compulsory for students to register them. These courses are found in each semester and students are expected to pass them before graduation. Elective courses: The elective courses are included to systematically to enhance the students' overall knowledge level and to strengthen his subject background to turn them in to subject specialists. Electives are optional but students are strongly advised to offer them. GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS The following are the graduation requirements For student to graduate with Postgraduate Diploma in Information Management (PGDIM), He/She must have to;  Pass all the core courses in which student will participate in full classes activities.  Must earn minimum of 45 credit units (Project inclusive).  Submit four (4) bound copies of the completed project signed by the supervisor and PG coordinator to the Head of Department office.  Must not owe the Department any dime. SUPERVISORS ALLOCATION  Supervisors are allocated to students after completion of registration processes and submission of the Departmental file to the PG desk officer. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 44  The student should present him/herself to the allocated supervisor and start the project.  In case of any issue between the supervisor and the student, PG coordinator should be intimated with the details for intervention.  On no account a

desk officer. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 44  The student should present him/herself to the allocated supervisor and start the project.  In case of any issue between the supervisor and the student, PG coordinator should be intimated with the details for intervention.  On no account a student should work with supervisor other than the one allocated to him/her. CARRYOVER All courses requirements that need to be passed by students must be passed. If a student eventually failed a course, he/she would be given a chance to re-sit the examination after payment of charges determined by the Department. If a student fails the re-sit examination, he must register the course at the next session and write the examination with the subsequent set. Note that it does not affect CGPA because it is the previous result that is going to be replaced with the new grade. Core course can stop a student from graduation even if he passed all other courses and earned the 36-credit unit requirement. NB If a student because of one reason or the other could not write the examination as scheduled in the time table, he should formally write to the head of Department through PG coordinator explaining the reason for his inability to write the examination at the scheduled time. That student would be allowed to write the examination during re-sit with the payment of 40% charge of those carrying the course over. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 45 EXAMINATION GUIDELINES Examinations are normally held at the end of each Semester. Examinations may take the form of written papers, oral examinations, practical, or Computer Based Test (CBT), the submission of projects, any combination of these or any other form approved by the Senate. The Continuous Assessment (C.A.) of course work is normally

are normally held at the end of each Semester. Examinations may take the form of written papers, oral examinations, practical, or Computer Based Test (CBT), the submission of projects, any combination of these or any other form approved by the Senate. The Continuous Assessment (C.A.) of course work is normally included in determining examination results. Eligibility In order to be eligible for admission into any examination, a student must have registered for the course unit to be examined and must have fulfilled the University requirements concerning residence, fees or other related matters. At least 75% attendance is required in all classes, tutorials, laboratories, e.t.c. to qualify for examinations. The students must also have fulfilled any other requirement of the Departments regarding satisfactory completion of any course-work, assignments, projects or other matters. Conducts 1.A student must be at the examination venue at least twenty (20) minutes before the commencement of the examination. A student may be admitted up to thirty (30) minutes after the commencement of the examination but shall not be allowed extra time. On no accounts shall a student: be allowed to leave the venue during the first hour or the last fifteen (15) minutes of the examination. A student must handover his/her scripts to the invigilator before leaving if he does not intend to come back. A student who leaves the examination hall shall not be admitted back unless during the period of absence, he/she has been continually under the surveillance of an Invigilator/Assistant Invigilator. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 46 2. A student shall come along with his I.D. card and Examination card to each examination and display them conspicuously on his desk. Each student shall complete an Attendance Slip providing all details requested which shall be submitted along with his/her answer script to the Invigilator.

Student Handbook (PGDIM) 46 2. A student shall come along with his I.D. card and Examination card to each examination and display them conspicuously on his desk. Each student shall complete an Attendance Slip providing all details requested which shall be submitted along with his/her answer script to the Invigilator. No student is allowed to speak to any other student, except as essential, to the Invigilator or make any noise or disturb. 3. No book, printed paper or written document or unauthorized materials shall be allowed into the examination hall by any student, except as stated in the rules of the examination paper. A student must not during examination directly or indirectly give assistance to any other student or permit any other student to copy from or otherwise use his papers. Similarly, a student must not directly accept assistance from any other student or use any other student's papers. 4. If any student is suspected to have infringed any of the above provisions or in any way to have cheated or disturbed the conduct of the examinations, a report shall be made as soon as possible to the Departmental and/or Faculty Examination Officer and the Dean. The Dean will cause the circumstances to the investigation and report to the Board of Examiners. The student concerned shall be allowed to continue with the examinations, provided he does not cause any disturbance, however, the Board of Examiners (ERIC Committee) may subsequently recommend to the Faculty Board and Senate whether his paper should be accepted and as to any other action that shall be taken in the matter. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 47 5. A student shall write his examination number and not his/her name distinctly in the space provided at the top of the cover of every answer booklet or

be accepted and as to any other action that shall be taken in the matter. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 47 5. A student shall write his examination number and not his/her name distinctly in the space provided at the top of the cover of every answer booklet or separate sheet of paper. The use of scrap paper is strictly prohibited as all rough work must be done in the answer book let and crossed neatly or in supplementary answer booklet which must be submitted to the Invigilator. Except for the printed question paper, student may not remove from the examination hall or mutilate any paper or other materials supplied. At the end of the time allotted for the examination, each student shall cease from writing when instructed to do so and shall gather his scripts together for collection by the Invigilator. RESULTS Several terms are frequently used on an examination result chart. The most outstanding and salient ones are the following: i) Grade Point (GP) This is a point system replacing ‘A’ to ‘F’ classification as in Table below. Mark of Average Letter Grade Grade Point 70 – 100 A 5 60 – 69 B 4 50 – 59 C 3 0 – 49 F 0 ii) Weighted Grade Point (WGP) This is the product of the Grade Point and the number of credit units. WGP = GP x Number of credit units ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 48 iii) Grade Point Average (GPA) GPA = Total Points Scored = GPA RCU iv) Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) CGPA = Total Point So Far Score = TWGP TRCU The CGPA provides a measure of the student’s academic standing. v) Registered Credit Unit (RCU) This is the sum of the credit units of the various courses registered by

Points Scored = GPA RCU iv) Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) CGPA = Total Point So Far Score = TWGP TRCU The CGPA provides a measure of the student’s academic standing. v) Registered Credit Unit (RCU) This is the sum of the credit units of the various courses registered by the student during the entire semester. vi) Earned Credit Units ECU) This is the sum of the credit units of all the courses passed by the student during the entire semester. vii) Total Registered Credit Units (TRCU) This is the sum of the credits units of all the courses registered by the student from the first year of study to the particular semester under consideration. viii) Calculation of Cumulative of GPA and CGPA Suppose a Masters student of MLS had the following scores in the first semester examination. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 49 Table 2 Course Reg. Credi t Units Scor e % Grad e G P WG P LIBS700 2 60 B 4 8 LIBS703 2 65 B 4 8 LIBS705 2 65 B 4 8 LIBS709 3 50 C 3 9 LIBS711 3 71 A 5 15 LIBS713 3 41 F 0 0 EDUC70 3 2 62 B 4 8 EDUC70 1 2 56 C 3 6 TOTAL 19 62 Taken into consideration the GP rating in Table 1 above, and the definitions for WGP and GPA in (ii) and (iii) GPA = WGP÷RCU 62 ÷ 19 = 3.26 Assuming that this particular candidate registered 20 credit units in the second semester and earned (passed) 18 credit units with a WGP total of 72 then GPA (2nd second semester) = 72/20 = 3.60 CGPA = 62 + 72 = 3.43 19+ 20 Also, for this candidate: RCU (1st Semester) = 16 ECU (1st Semester) = 15

credit units in the second semester and earned (passed) 18 credit units with a WGP total of 72 then GPA (2nd second semester) = 72/20 = 3.60 CGPA = 62 + 72 = 3.43 19+ 20 Also, for this candidate: RCU (1st Semester) = 16 ECU (1st Semester) = 15 RCU (2nd Semester) = 20 ECU (2nd Semester) = 18 TRCU = 36 TECU = 33 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 50 Failure in any course shall be recorded as such and can only be redeemed by re-taking the course as carry-over and passing the examination. The faculty may determine from time to time, on the recommendation of the Department, and shall make any change known to the affected student by the commencement of the relevant teaching. The method of determining continues assessment marks: the weight age given to continuous assessment mark is 40% for each course. POSTGRADUATE PROJECT Every student in MIM/PGDIM program shall undertake a research project to be supervised by an allocated lecturer. The report shall be prepared and submitted to the Departmental PG coordinator in the appropriate format of four (4) bound copies. GENERAL MATTERS The following procedures are to be strictly followed under the appropriate situation. A. Illness While on campus, a student who fall sick should seek for immediate medical attention at the University Sick Bay. When necessary, the Sick Bay may refer serious cases to the Teaching Hospital for further special treatment. Whenever the medical condition of a student necessitates absence from academic activities, the Department (HOD) should accordingly be notified in writing and upon resumption for normal academic work, appropriate medical report must be presented. Any student who falls ill during an examination should immediately seek medical attention at the Sick Bay and has to obtain appropriate medical report and forward

academic activities, the Department (HOD) should accordingly be notified in writing and upon resumption for normal academic work, appropriate medical report must be presented. Any student who falls ill during an examination should immediately seek medical attention at the Sick Bay and has to obtain appropriate medical report and forward it to the Department (HOD) as soon as possible. If the sick student must seek for further medical treatment outside the University Heal Services, the Department (HOD) must be formally informed in writing before leaving the University or Zaria. Outside the University Campus or Zaria (e.g. while at home on holidays) if as a result of ill-health, a student is likely to be late for registration, the Department must be informed early enough. Upon resumption, supporting evidence(s) (e.g. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 51 medical report which has to be authenticated by the University Health Services) must be presented. Deferment of Semester/Session A student who for a good cause wishes to defer semester or a whole session must put a formal application to the Department (HOD) for consideration and approval. This must be done in good time for such request to be tendered for consideration and final approval. Warning, Probation and Withdrawal: The academic standing of a student is being determined by the Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA). The minimum tolerable CGPA is 3.00 for classified degree programme. Warning A student is warned if his/her CGPA drops below the minimum tolerable level CGPA for the first time. This warning is usually in the form of verbal advice by the Level Coordinator and the student must be made to be fully aware of the implication of dropping below the minimum tolerable CGPA in the next semester examination. Probation A student is placed on probation if his/her CGPA drops below the

is usually in the form of verbal advice by the Level Coordinator and the student must be made to be fully aware of the implication of dropping below the minimum tolerable CGPA in the next semester examination. Probation A student is placed on probation if his/her CGPA drops below the minimum of tolerable level for two (2) consecutive semesters i.e. (CGPA less than 3.00). Withdrawal Withdrawal from the programme can be made on grounds of absence. A student, who fails to register for two consecutive semesters without permission, automatically loses his/her place on this basis. NOTIFICATION OF RESULT After the PG Board of the Department approved the results, the examination officer will compute and release the results for the ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 52 students subject to senate approval. Individual statement of semester result could be issued on demand to the student upon the payment of prescribed charges. If a student has any complaints about his/her result, He She should write a letter to the PG Coordinator stating the complaint and submit to the PG desk Officer for action. DISCIPLINE The Examination regulation set out above binds on all students, the breach of which carries serious punishments prescribed below: Expulsion from the University The followings offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion: a. Impersonation at examinations. This may involve exchange of examination number, name/answer sheets or the intentional use of someone else examination number b. Introduction of relevant materials to examination hall c. The exchange of question paper containing relevant jotting and materials, or d. Collaboration/copying from each other or e. Exchange of answer scripts f. Theft/Removal of Examination scripts or materials g. Mischief by fire to examination scripts or materials h. Copying from cheat notes i. Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall j. Facilitating/abetting cheating; i.

containing relevant jotting and materials, or d. Collaboration/copying from each other or e. Exchange of answer scripts f. Theft/Removal of Examination scripts or materials g. Mischief by fire to examination scripts or materials h. Copying from cheat notes i. Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall j. Facilitating/abetting cheating; i. Rustication for one academic year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one academic session: a. Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts b. Introduction of foreign material to the examination hall. c. Non-appearance at the Senate Examination Irregularities and Malpractices Committee (ERIC). d. After first warning, the student will be rusticated for one year. e. Introduction of mobile phones(s) to the examination hall ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 53 ii. Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning: a. Speaking/conversation during examination b. Writing on question papers/scripts c. Details on examination rules and regulations may be obtained from the University Calendar published by Academic Planning and Monitoring Unit. COMPUTER LABORATORY The Department currently has a Computer Laboratory with fifteen (15) computers, a server and a super Printer along with Internet Connection. All students both undergraduate and postgraduate and staff of the Department are entitled to make use of the Computer Laboratory facilities. There is a Computer Laboratory Operator who manages the Computer Laboratory. There are certain rules and regulations for the use of the laboratory facilities which one can get from the Laboratory Operatortor. LIBRARY The Abdullahi Mohammed Public Library widely known as Samaru Public Library (SPL) serves as the Departmental library and laboratory for practical. It is located near the North Gate of the Main Campus. It was opened on 5th May, 1963. It is financed and administered by Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria through the Department of Library and Information Science. The

Samaru Public Library (SPL) serves as the Departmental library and laboratory for practical. It is located near the North Gate of the Main Campus. It was opened on 5th May, 1963. It is financed and administered by Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria through the Department of Library and Information Science. The objectives of setting up the library are to cater for the Ahmadu Bello University community, the general public in Samaru and the surrounding villages. It is also to serve as a training ground or laboratory for the students of the Department. It is open to all staff members of the university and any one from Samaru Township as well as children, young people and adults from around Zaria. The library is divided into two sections, adults and children's sections. Most of the users are students from Ahmadu Bello University Demonstration secondary school and other secondary school leavers from Samaru and the surrounding ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 54 villages. Since there are many school leavers that use the Samaru public library, emphasis is placed on supplying the kinds of materials that students need for independent study and for SSCE and 'A' Levels examinations. Books for technical students are also stocked. There are also books on library and information systems and services. The collection of the library is however, similar in every respect to that of a typical public library collection. The children section is stocked with books from British ladybird books, American children's books and children's books from other countries. Students of the Department also make use of the faculty library, where books, past projects, and journals related to the field of library and information science are kept. DATA WAREHOUSE The data ware house of the department is the modernized place where the records of all students and examinations

countries. Students of the Department also make use of the faculty library, where books, past projects, and journals related to the field of library and information science are kept. DATA WAREHOUSE The data ware house of the department is the modernized place where the records of all students and examinations are kept for future and reference use. It housed all the students' files from 1968 to the last graduated set of students. It is classified and catalogued for easy access and retrieval of records. It is located at the Departmental building. It also serves as workshops for students' practical. ACADEMIC LINKAGE The first academic linkage with any foreign university was with Emporia State University's School of Library and Information Management (SLIM) in July 2001, under the college and Universities Affiliation Programme (CUAP). The CUAP project director Professor John Agada, an alumnus of the Department, led the team which included the curriculum design expert Professor Martha Hale that visited the Department. Through the programme two academic staff of the Department: Prof. Abdullahi I. Musa and Prof. Ezra S. Gbaje visited Emporia State University where series of intensive ICT workshops, seminars were organized for them and the two staff later obtained their PhD and Masters degrees respectively from the same university. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 55 ENQUIRIES Enquiries from students could be routed through the PG Coordinator or the Head of Department. Enquiries from all other quarter should be addressed to the Head of Department through lis@abu.edu.ng or pglibsd@gmail.com ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 56 APPENDIX 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PREAMBLE The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th

Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 56 APPENDIX 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PREAMBLE The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campusbased programmes”. 1.2 DLC LAW AND STATUTE The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR DLC EXAMINATION POLICY 1) The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2) Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 57 shall be supervised examinations as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University –

May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 NIGERIAN STUDENTS Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 58 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule

examination. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 58 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All requests for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. 4.0 ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three (3) semesters in every session. 4. Examination timelines: ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 59 a. All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by etutors within four weeks of the semester. b. All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c. All examination questions shall be

(PGDIM) 59 a. All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by etutors within four weeks of the semester. b. All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c. All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d. A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 60 Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are

Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 60 Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal 2. Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 3. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 4. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour after the examination has started shall not be allowed to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 61 examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the

lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 61 examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained

shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 62 Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment. 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and

at a later time. 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESIS MANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 63 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations

no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 64 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or ii. Semester Examination iii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iv. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. v. Copying from other during center examination vi. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vii. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 OFFENCE BY STUDENTS (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: 1. Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination 2. Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. 3. Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. 4. Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. 5. Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 65 6. Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. 7. Life threatening assault to

cheat notes. 4. Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. 5. Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 65 6. Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. 7. Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. 8. Willful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. 9. Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. 10. Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session 1. Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) 2. Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. 3. Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) 4. If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. 5. Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. 6. Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations 7. Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 66 12.2 OFFENCES INVOLVING STAFF 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff

the examination. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDIM) 66 12.2 OFFENCES INVOLVING STAFF 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. 2. Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. 5. Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Scripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (pay per course); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on- campus to Distance learning): - You no longer have to worry about paying lump sum tuition fees. At ABU DLC, fees are paid per course you register making your fee payment flexible. - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st or 2nd semester –whichever is more convenient for you. - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC admission screening and semester examinations are held in Abuja, Gombe, Lagos, Port Harcourt and Zaria with more to come. Giving you the flexibility to select your screening and examination venues. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, giving you the flexibility to choose whichever is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters which allows you to graduate I as little as 18 months. - There are 4 study options to choose from (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are free to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students upon completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are the same with the corresponding on campus programme. - Upon graduation,

facing challenges with keeping up on campus are free to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students upon completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are the same with the corresponding on campus programme. - Upon graduation, you will be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. Online or e-learning will not be written on your certificate. 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required as our courses are administered entirely online. Allowing you to maintain your job/business while earning a degree. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed to graduate on time. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware is available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, webinar/video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e-tutors shall be made available to you. - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in

available - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e-tutors shall be made available to you. - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Lagos and Abuja. - Facebook live/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by webinar is available: - Although optional on-campus tutorials are held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions are streamed live to ensure remote participation. You can also forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are. You can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This course develops/improves your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This course develops/improves your leadership capacity and is available to all Postgraduate students and comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: - Frequent online interactions with the DLC Management and other key staff of the University. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality

and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: - Frequent online interactions with the DLC Management and other key staff of the University. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Gombe, Lagos, Port Harcourt and Zaria with more to come. - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on-campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you.

Distance Learning Centre Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Our Mission : To advance the fronties of learning and break new grounds, through teaching, research and the dissemination of knowledge of the highest quality; to establish and foster national and international integration, development and the promotion of African traditions and cultures; to produce high-level human power and enhance capacity building through retraining, in order to meet the needs and challenges of the catchment area, Nigeria and the rest of the world - From the Ahmadu Bello University Law, 1962 General Course Structure Undergraduate B.Sc. Business Administration 100 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve GENS 101 NaƟonalism 1 Core GENS 103 English & CommunicaƟon Skills 2 Core BUAD 101 IntroducƟon to Business I 3 Core BUAD 103 Principles of Economics I 3 Core BUAD 105 Basic MathemaƟcs 1 3 Core BUAD 109 IntroducƟon to Entrepreneurship 3 Core First Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve BUAD 100 IntroducƟon to Computer 3 Core BUAD 102 IntroducƟon to Business II 3 Core BUAD 104 Principles of Economics II 3 Core BUAD 106 Basic MathemaƟcs II 3 Core BUAD 110 Business Study Skills 3 Core Second Semester 200 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve BUAD 201 Elements of Business AdministraƟon 3 Core BUAD 203 Business StaƟsƟcs 3 Core BUAD 205 Financial AccounƟng I 3 Core BUAD 211 Labor Economics 3 ElecƟve BUAD 221 IntroducƟon to Psychology 3 ElecƟve BUAD 241 Banking Methods & Procedure 3 ElecƟve BUAD 261 Micro-Economic Theory 3 Core First Semester 300 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve GENS 202 Entrepreneurship & InnovaƟon 2 Core BUAD 200 ApplicaƟons of Computer 3 Core BUAD 202 Elements of Business AdministraƟon II 3 Core BUAD 204 QuanƟtaƟve Analysis 3 Core BUAD 206 Financial AccounƟng II 3 Core BUAD 208 Business Law 3 Core

300 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve GENS 202 Entrepreneurship & InnovaƟon 2 Core BUAD 200 ApplicaƟons of Computer 3 Core BUAD 202 Elements of Business AdministraƟon II 3 Core BUAD 204 QuanƟtaƟve Analysis 3 Core BUAD 206 Financial AccounƟng II 3 Core BUAD 208 Business Law 3 Core BUAD 222 MarkeƟng Thought 3 Core OpƟon (markeƟng) BUAD 242 Elements of Banking 3 Core OpƟon (banking & ﬁnance) BUAD 262 Macro-Economic Theory 3 Core BUAD 272 Industrial relaƟons 3 Core OpƟon (Actuarial Science) Second Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve GENS 301 Business CreaƟon and Growth 2 Core BUAD 301 Cost & Management AccounƟng 3 Core BUAD 303 IntroducƟon to Research 3 Core BUAD 311 Management Theory 3 Core OpƟon (Management) BUAD 313 Human Behavior in OrganizaƟons 3 Core BUAD 321 Elements of MarkeƟng 3 Core BUAD 325 Total Quality MarkeƟng 3 ElecƟve BUAD 331 Numerical Analysis 3 Core OpƟon (Actuarial Science) BUAD 333 Actuarial MathemaƟcs and Interest 3 Core OpƟon (Actuarial Science) BUAD 335 Probability Theory 3 ElecƟve BUAD 341 Elements of Finance 3 Core BUAD 343 Financial System 3 Core (Banking & Finance) BUAD 345 Monetary Theory 3 Core OpƟon (Banking & Finance) BUAD 361 Islamic Economics 3 ElecƟve BUAD 381 InternaƟonal Business 3 ElecƟve First Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve BUAD 302 Government Business & Society 2 Core BUAD 304 QuanƟtaƟve Methods in Research 3 Core BUAD 312 Management PracƟce 3 Core BUAD 314 Human Resource Management 3 Core OpƟon (Management) BUAD 322 Principles of MarkeƟng 3 Core BUAD 324 Service MarkeƟng 3 Core OpƟon (Management) BUAD 326 RelaƟonship MarkeƟng 3 ElecƟve BUAD 342 Principles of Finance 3 Core Second Semester BUAD 344 Universal Banking 3 Core OpƟon (Banking & Finance) BUAD 346 Project EvaluaƟon 3 Core OpƟon (Banking & Finance) BUAD 348

Principles of MarkeƟng 3 Core BUAD 324 Service MarkeƟng 3 Core OpƟon (Management) BUAD 326 RelaƟonship MarkeƟng 3 ElecƟve BUAD 342 Principles of Finance 3 Core Second Semester BUAD 344 Universal Banking 3 Core OpƟon (Banking & Finance) BUAD 346 Project EvaluaƟon 3 Core OpƟon (Banking & Finance) BUAD 348 Interest Free Banking 3 ElecƟve BUAD 392 InnovaƟon Management 3 ElecƟve 400 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve BUAD 401 Business Policy I 3 Core BUAD 403 ProducƟon & OperaƟon Management 3 Core BUAD 407 Business CommunicaƟon Skills I 3 Core BUAD 411 Corporate Planning 3 Core OpƟon (Management) BUAD 413 ComparaƟve Management 3 Core OpƟon (Management) BUAD 415 Advanced Management Theory 3 Core OpƟon (Management) BUAD 421 Consumer Behavior 3 Core OpƟon (MarkeƟng) BUAD 423 MarkeƟng Research 3 Core OpƟon (MarkeƟng) BUAD 425 PromoƟon Strategies 3 Core OpƟon (MarkeƟng) BUAD 431 Actuarial StaƟsƟcs & Mortality Analysis 3 Core OpƟon (Actuarial Science) BUAD 433 Fundamentals of ConƟngency 3 Core OpƟon (Actuarial Science) BUAD 435 Theory & PracƟces of Investment 3 Core OpƟon Actuarial Science) First Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve BUAD 402 Business Policy II 3 Core BUAD 404 Research Project 3 Core BUAD 406 Entrepreneurial Development 3 Core BUAD 408 Business CommunicaƟon Skills II 3 Core BUAD 412 Human Capital Development 3 Core BUAD 426 MarkeƟng Management 3 Core OpƟon (MarkeƟng) BUAD 428 MarkeƟng Ethics 3 ElecƟve BUAD 442 Bank Lending & Loan AdministraƟon 3 Core OpƟon (Banking & Finance) BUAD 444 InternaƟonal Finance 3 Core OpƟon (Banking & Finance) BUAD 454 TaxaƟon 3 ElecƟve BUAD 492 Analysis for Business Decisions 3 Core Second Semester B.Sc. Economics 100 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve ECO 101 Economic Principles I 3 Core ECO 102 Introductory mathemaƟcs for Economists I 3 Core ECO 103 IntroducƟon to AccounƟng

OpƟon (Banking & Finance) BUAD 454 TaxaƟon 3 ElecƟve BUAD 492 Analysis for Business Decisions 3 Core Second Semester B.Sc. Economics 100 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve ECO 101 Economic Principles I 3 Core ECO 102 Introductory mathemaƟcs for Economists I 3 Core ECO 103 IntroducƟon to AccounƟng 3 Core GST 101 NaƟonalism 2 Core GST 111 CommunicaƟon in English I 2 Core GST 107 History & Philosophy of Science 2 Core BSAQ 101 IntroducƟon to Business 2 Required First Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve ECO 101 Economic Principles II 3 Core ECO 102 Introductory MathemaƟcs for Economists II 3 Core SSC 101 IntroducƟon to StaƟsƟcs 4 Core SOC 101 IntroducƟon to Sociology 3 ElecƟve PSY 101 IntroducƟon to Psychology 3 ElecƟve GST 113 Nigerian Peoples & Culture 2 Core GST 122 CommunicaƟon in English II 2 Core BSAQ 102 Elements of Business AdministraƟon 2 Required Second Semester 200 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve ECO 201 IntroducƟon to Micro-Economics 4 Core ECO 203 History & Structure of the Nigerian Economy I 3 Core ECO 204 MathemaƟcs for Economists I 3 Core ECO 205 Principles of Finance 3 Core GST 223 Entrepreneurial Skills & InnovaƟon 2 Core SSC 201 Applied StaƟsƟcs 4 Core GST 211 Environment & Sustainable Development I 2 Core BSAQ 201 Business Policy 2 Required First Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve ECO 202 IntroducƟon to Macro-Economics 4 Core ECO 203 History & Structure of the Nigerian Economy II 3 Core ECO 204 MathemaƟcs for Economists II 3 Core SSC 202 IntroducƟon to Computer 2 Core ECO 208 Financial AccounƟng 3 Core GST 212 Environment & Sustainable Development II 2 Core BSAQ 202 Business Skills 2 Required Second Semester 300 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve ECO 301 Intermediate Micro-Economics

ECO 204 MathemaƟcs for Economists II 3 Core SSC 202 IntroducƟon to Computer 2 Core ECO 208 Financial AccounƟng 3 Core GST 212 Environment & Sustainable Development II 2 Core BSAQ 202 Business Skills 2 Required Second Semester 300 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve ECO 301 Intermediate Micro-Economics I 3 Core ECO 303 History of Economic Thought I 3 Core ECO 305 Project EvaluaƟon 4 Core ECO 306 Economics of Development I 3 Core ECO 317 Theory of StaƟsƟcs 3 Core SSC 301 IntroducƟon to Computer II 2 Core GST 301 Business CreaƟon & Growth 1 Core ECO 307 InternaƟonal Economics I 3 ElecƟve ECO 309 OperaƟons Research 3 ElecƟve ECO 315 Monetary Economics 2 ElecƟve ECO 319 Industrial Economics 3 ElecƟve BSAQ 301 Government, Business & Society 2 Required First Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve ECO 301 Intermediate Micro-Economics II 3 Core ECO 302 Intermediate Macro-Economics 4 Core ECO 303 History of Economic Thought II 3 Core ECO 304 Introductory Econometrics 3 Core ECO 306 Economics of Development II 3 Core ECO 307 InternaƟonal Economics II 3 ElecƟve SSC 302 Entrepreneurship 2 Core ECO 316 Islamic Banking 3 ElecƟve ECO 318 Elements of Banking 3 ElecƟve ECO 320 Industrial Economics II 3 ElecƟve BSAQ 302 Employability 2 Required Second Semester 400 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve ECO 401 Advanced Micro-Economics 4 Core ECO 407 Economics of ProducƟon 3 Core ECO 411 Elements of StaƟsƟcs 3 Core ECO 403 ComparaƟve Economic Systems 3 ElecƟve BASQ 401 Entrepreneurial Development 2 Required ECO 420 Research Project/Original Essay 6 Core First Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve ECO 402 Advanced Macro-Economics 4 Core ECO 404 Economic Planning 3 Core ECO 406 TaxaƟon & Fiscal Policy 3 Core ECO 408 Applied StaƟsƟcs II 3 Core ECO 420

BASQ 401 Entrepreneurial Development 2 Required ECO 420 Research Project/Original Essay 6 Core First Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve ECO 402 Advanced Macro-Economics 4 Core ECO 404 Economic Planning 3 Core ECO 406 TaxaƟon & Fiscal Policy 3 Core ECO 408 Applied StaƟsƟcs II 3 Core ECO 420 Research Project/Original Essay 6 Core Second Semester B.Sc. Public Administration 100 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve BASQ 101 IntroducƟon to Business 2 Required GENS 101 NaƟonalism 1 Core GENS 103 English & CommunicaƟon Skills 2 Core PADM 101 IntroducƟon to Public AdministraƟon 3 Core PADM 103 IntroducƟon to Sociology 3 Core PADM 105 IntroducƟon to Psychology 3 Core ACCT 101 IntroducƟon to AccounƟng 3 Core First Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve BASQ 102 Elements of Business AdministraƟon 2 Required ACCT 102 Principles of AccounƟng 3 Core LAWC 102 Principles of Law 3 Core PADM 102 Industrial & OrganizaƟonal Psychology 3 Core PADM 104 Individual, Group & Society 3 Core PADM 106 Elements of Government 3 Core PADM 108 Principles of Economics 3 Core Second Semester 200 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve BASQ 201 Business Policy 2 Required ACCT 201 Public Sector AccounƟng 3 Core BUAD 201 Elements of Business AdministraƟon 3 Core PADM 201 Elements of Public AdministraƟon 3 Core PADM 203 DescripƟve StaƟsƟcs for Public AdministraƟon 3 Core PADM 205 IntroducƟon to PoliƟcal Science 3 Core PADM 207 IntroducƟon to Micro-Economics 3 Core PADM 209 Nigerian Government & PoliƟcs 3 Core First Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve BASQ 202 Business Skills 2 Required GENS 202 Entrepreneurship & InnovaƟon 2 Core ACCT 202 Public Sector AccounƟng II 2 Core PADM 202 Nigerian Government & AdministraƟon 3 Core PADM 204 Economics & Social Development 2 Core PADM 206 InferenƟal StaƟsƟcs for Public AdministraƟon

Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve BASQ 202 Business Skills 2 Required GENS 202 Entrepreneurship & InnovaƟon 2 Core ACCT 202 Public Sector AccounƟng II 2 Core PADM 202 Nigerian Government & AdministraƟon 3 Core PADM 204 Economics & Social Development 2 Core PADM 206 InferenƟal StaƟsƟcs for Public AdministraƟon 2 Core PADM 208 IntroducƟon to Macro-Economics 2 Core PADM 210 Social Psychology 2 Core PADM 212 Gender Mainstreaming in Development 2 Core Second Semester 300 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve BASQ 301 Government, Business & Society 2 Required PADM 301 AdministraƟve Theory 3 Core PADM 303 Nigerian Economy 2 Core PADM 305 Public Personnel Management 2 Core PADM 307 Research Methods 2 Core PADM 309 Development AdministraƟon 2 Core PADM 311 Conﬂict Management 2 Core PADM 313 ComparaƟve Local Government 2 ElecƟve PADM 315 Intergovernmental RelaƟons 2 ElecƟve PADM 317 TradiƟonal AdministraƟve System in Nigeria 3 Core First Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve BASQ 302 Employability 2 Required GENS 302 Business CreaƟon & Growth 2 Core LAWC 302 AdministraƟve Law 2 Core PADM 302 AdministraƟve Behavior 3 Core PADM 304 Nigerian Economy 2 Core PADM 306 Sustainable Development 2 Core PADM 308 e-Government 2 Core PADM 312 Manpower Planning & Development 2 ElecƟve PADM 314 InternaƟonal RelaƟons 2 ElecƟve Second Semester 400 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve ACCT 407 Management AccounƟng 2 Core BASQ 401 Entrepreneurial Development 2 Required PADM 401 Theory and PracƟce of Planning 2 Core PADM 403 Public Policy Analysis 2 Core PADM 405 Workshop in Public AdministraƟon I 3 Core PADM 407 Public Financial Management 2 Core PADM 409 AdministraƟon of Non-Governmental OrganizaƟons 2 Core PADM 411 Social & welfare AdministraƟon in Nigeria 2 ElecƟve PADM 413 Urban & Regional Planning 2 ElecƟve First Semester Code Course Title Credit

2 Core PADM 405 Workshop in Public AdministraƟon I 3 Core PADM 407 Public Financial Management 2 Core PADM 409 AdministraƟon of Non-Governmental OrganizaƟons 2 Core PADM 411 Social & welfare AdministraƟon in Nigeria 2 ElecƟve PADM 413 Urban & Regional Planning 2 ElecƟve First Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve LAWC 410 Workshop in Public AdministraƟon II 3 Core PADM 402 Project Analysis & Management 2 Core PADM 404 ComparaƟve Public AdministraƟon 2 Core PADM 406 Public Enterprise Management 2 Core PADM 408 Research Project 6 Core PADM 412 Issues in Development 2 ElecƟve PADM 414 Rural & Community Development 2 ElecƟve Second Semester B.NSc Nursing Science 200 Level LECTURE PRACTICAL / LABORATOR Y WARD NURS 203 Fundamentals of Nursing I 2 0 2 Core COMM201 BiostaƟsƟcs 2 0 2 Core ANAT 209 Human Anatomy I 3 0 3 Core HPHY 225 Human Physiology I 2 0 2 Core HPHY 227 Human Physiology II 2 0 2 Core BCHM 241 Biochemistry of Macromolecules 2 0 2 Core BCHM 247 Biochemistry PracƟcal I 0 1 1 Core POLS 201 Nigerian Government and PoliƟcs 3 0 3 Core COSC 265 Fundamentals of Computer Science 2 0 2 Core GENS 103 English & CommunicaƟon Skills 2 0 2 Core GENS 101 NaƟonalism 1 0 1 Core 22 TOTAL First Semester CONTACT HOUR COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CREDIT UNIT PREREQUISI TE REMARK 300 Level *CONCENTRATED CLINICAL POSTING (8WEEKS) LECTURE PRACTICAL / LABORATOR Y WARD NURS 206 Fundamentals of Nursing II 2 3 3 Core ANAT 212 Human Anatomy II 3 0 3 Core HPHY 226 General Physiology I 2 0 2 Core HPHY 228 General Physiology II 2 0 2 Core HPHY 230 Introductory PracƟcal Physiology 0 3 1 Core MICR 286 Medical Microbiology and Parasitology 2 3 3 Core COMM 202

3 Core ANAT 212 Human Anatomy II 3 0 3 Core HPHY 226 General Physiology I 2 0 2 Core HPHY 228 General Physiology II 2 0 2 Core HPHY 230 Introductory PracƟcal Physiology 0 3 1 Core MICR 286 Medical Microbiology and Parasitology 2 3 3 Core COMM 202 Man and His Environment 2 0 2 Core COMM 204 Sociology (Medical) 2 0 2 Core BCHM 242 General Metabolism 2 0 2 Core GENS 202 Entrepreneurship and InnovaƟon 2 0 2 GENS GENS 102 Environmental Health 1 0 1 GENS GENS 104 History and Philosophy of Science 1 0 1 ElecƟve 24 Second Semester TOTAL COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CONTACT HOUR CREDIT UNIT PREREQUISI TE REMARK LECTURE PRACTICAL / LABORATOR Y WARD NURS 313 Medical Surgical Nursing I 3 0 3 Core NURS 315 Community Health Nursing I 3 0 3 Core BCHM 343 NutriƟon 2 0 2 Core NURS 307 Medical Surgical Nursing PracƟcum I/Competencies 0 21 3 Core COMM 301 Principles and Methods of Epidemiology 2 0 2 Core NURS 311 Fundamentals of Nursing III 2 0 2 Core COMM 305 Human Behaviour in Health and Illness 2 0 2 Core NURS 319 Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing I 3 0 3 Core ANAT 309 Human Anatomy III 3 0 3 Core 23 First Semester TOTAL COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CONTACT HOUR CREDIT UNIT PREREQUISI TE REMARK LECTURE PRACTICAL / LABORATOR Y WARD NURS 306 Maternal and Child health Nursing I 3 0 3 Core NURS 304 Medical and Surgical Nursing II 3 0 3 Core PHCL 308 Pharmacodynamics and Chemotherapy 2 0 2 Core NURS 324 Medical Surgical Nursing PracƟcum II/competencies 2 17 2 Core NURS 314 Community Health Nursing PracƟcum/competencies 0 7 1 Core NURS 322 Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing II 3 7 3

Medical and Surgical Nursing II 3 0 3 Core PHCL 308 Pharmacodynamics and Chemotherapy 2 0 2 Core NURS 324 Medical Surgical Nursing PracƟcum II/competencies 2 17 2 Core NURS 314 Community Health Nursing PracƟcum/competencies 0 7 1 Core NURS 322 Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing II 3 7 3 Core EDPS 302 Developmental Psychology 2 0 2 Core NURS 318 Community Health Nursing II 3 7 3 Core PATH 312 General Cellular Pathology and Cytology 3 0 3 Core 22 Second Semester TOTAL COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CONTACT HOUR CREDIT UNIT PREREQUISI TE REMARK *CONCENTRATED CLINICAL POSTING (8WEEKS) 400 Level LECTURE PRACTICAL / LABORATOR Y WARD NURS 401 Medical and Surgical Nursing III 3 0 3 Core NURS 429 Maternal and Child Health II 3 0 3 Core NURS 423 Curriculum Development And Principles of Nursing EducaƟon 3 0 3 Core NURS 425 Paediatric Nursing 2 0 2 Core NURS 421 *Paediatric Nursing PracƟcum/competencies 0 17 3 Core PHCL 407 Systemic Pharmacology 3 0 3 Core GENS 301 Business CreaƟon and Growth 2 0 2 Core 19 First Semester TOTAL COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CONTACT HOUR CREDIT UNIT PREREQUISI TE REMARK *CONCENTRATED CLINICAL POSTING (8WEEKS) LECTURE PRACTICAL / LABORATOR Y WARD NURS 402 Management of Nursing Care Services 2 7 3 Core NURS 404 Research Methodology I 3 0 3 Core NURS 416 PracƟcum In Teaching And Management/competencies 0 11 2 Core NURS 428 Nursing Seminar 3 0 3 Core NURS 422 Medical and Surgical Nursing IV 2 7 3 Core NURS 426 Maternal and Child Health Nursing III 3 0 3 Core NURS 424 Nursing Ethics and Jurisprudence 2 0 2 Core COMM 406 NutriƟon in Health and Illness 3 0 3 Core 22 Second Semester TOTAL COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CONTACT HOUR CREDIT UNIT PREREQUISI TE REMARK

3 Core NURS 426 Maternal and Child Health Nursing III 3 0 3 Core NURS 424 Nursing Ethics and Jurisprudence 2 0 2 Core COMM 406 NutriƟon in Health and Illness 3 0 3 Core 22 Second Semester TOTAL COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CONTACT HOUR CREDIT UNIT PREREQUISI TE REMARK 500 Level LECTURE PRACTICAL / LABORATOR Y WARD NURS 501 Public Health Nursing I 4 0 4 All lower level Nursing Courses Core NURS 515 *Gynecological Nursing PracƟcum/competencies 0 17 3 Core NURS 517 *Obstetric Nursing PracƟcum I 0 17 3 Core NURS 513 Community Health Nursing Seminar 2 0 2 Core NURS 503 Research Project I 0 6 2 Core NURS 511 Intensive care 2 0 2 Core 16 First Semester TOTAL COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CONTACT HOUR CREDIT UNIT PREREQUISI TE REMARK *CONCENTRATED CLINICAL POSTING (8WEEKS) LECTURE PRACTICAL / LABORATOR Y WARD NURS 502 Public Health Nursing II 4 0 4 All lower level Nursing Courses Core NURS 510 Research Project II 0 14 4 Core NURS 516 Health Economics 1 3 2 Core NURS 506 Nursing Entrepreneurship 1 0 1 Core NURS 508 Obstetric Nursing PracƟcum II/competencies 0 17 3 Core NURS 504 PalliaƟve Care Nursing 2 0 2 ElecƟve NURS 512 Gerontology Nursing 2 0 2 ElecƟve 18 Second Semester TOTAL COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CONTACT HOUR CREDIT UNIT PREREQUISI TE REMARK *CONCENTRATED CLINICAL POSTING (8WEEKS) B.Sc Accounting 100 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve ACCT 101 IntroducƟon to AccounƟng & Financial ReporƟng I 3 Core ACCT 103 Business MathemaƟcs I 2 Core ACCT 105 Principles of Business AdministraƟon I 2 Core ACCT 107 Principles of Economics I 3 Core ACCT 109 IntroducƟon to Computer 2 Core ACCT 111 Elements of Government & AdministraƟon 2 Core GENS 101 NaƟonalism 1 Core GENS 103 English &

Core ACCT 103 Business MathemaƟcs I 2 Core ACCT 105 Principles of Business AdministraƟon I 2 Core ACCT 107 Principles of Economics I 3 Core ACCT 109 IntroducƟon to Computer 2 Core ACCT 111 Elements of Government & AdministraƟon 2 Core GENS 101 NaƟonalism 1 Core GENS 103 English & CommunicaƟon Skills 2 Core 17 First Semester TOTAL 200 Level 300 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve ACCT 102 IntroducƟon to AccounƟng & Financial ReporƟng II 3 Core ACCT 104 Business MathemaƟcs II 2 Core ACCT 106 Principles of Business AdministraƟon II 2 Core ACCT 108 Principles of Economics II 3 Core ACCT 110 Elements of Banking 3 Core ACCT 112 Elements of Finance 3 Core GENS 102 Environmental Health 1 Core GENS 104 History & Philosophy of Science 1 Core 18 Second Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve ACCT 201 Financial AccounƟng I 3 Core ACCT 205 AccounƟng Laboratory & ApplicaƟon SoŌware 3 Core ACCT 207 Micro Economics 2 Core ACCT 211 StaƟsƟcs I 2 Core ACCT 213 ProducƟon Management 3 Core 13 TOTAL First Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve ACCT 202 Financial AccounƟng II 3 Core ACCT 206 Business CommunicaƟon 2 Core ACCT 208 Macro Economics 2 Core ACCT 212 StaƟsƟcs II 2 Core ACCT 214 Commercial Law 2 Core ACCT 218 Elements of Management 2 Core GENS 202 Entrepreneurship and InnovaƟon 2 Core 15 Second Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve ACCT 311 Public Sector AccounƟng I 3 Core ACCT 317 Intermediate Financial AccounƟng and ReporƟng I 3 Core ACCT 319 Management AccounƟng I 3 Core ACCT 321 Cost AccounƟng 2 Core ACCT 323 Public Finance 2 Core ACCT 325 Forensic AccounƟng & Fraud Management I 2 Core ACCT 327 Research Methodology 2 Core ACCT 329 Corporate Management InformaƟon System

317 Intermediate Financial AccounƟng and ReporƟng I 3 Core ACCT 319 Management AccounƟng I 3 Core ACCT 321 Cost AccounƟng 2 Core ACCT 323 Public Finance 2 Core ACCT 325 Forensic AccounƟng & Fraud Management I 2 Core ACCT 327 Research Methodology 2 Core ACCT 329 Corporate Management InformaƟon System 2 Core GENS 301 Business CreaƟon and Growth 2 Core 21 First Semester TOTAL 400 Level B.Sc. Computer Science 100 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve ACCT 312 Public Sector AccounƟng II 3 Core ACCT 314 Company Law 2 Core ACCT 318 Intermediate Financial AccounƟng and 3 Core ACCT 320 Management AccounƟng II 3 Core ACCT 326 Forensic AccounƟng & Fraud Management II 2 Core ACCT 328 TaxaƟon I 3 Core ACCT 330 AudiƟng I 3 Core ACCT 332 AccounƟng SIWES 3 Core 22 Second Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve ACCT 401 Advanced Financial AccounƟng & ReporƟng I 3 Core ACCT 403 TaxaƟon II 3 Core ACCT 405 AudiƟng, Assurance & InvesƟgaƟon II 3 Core ACCT 407 InternaƟonal AccounƟng I 3 Core ACCT 411 Business Policy & Strategy 2 Core ACCT 413 Financial Management I 3 Core ACCT 417 AccounƟng Theory 2 Core ACCT 419 Research Project 4 Core 23 First Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Core/ElecƟve ACCT 402 Advanced Financial AccounƟng & ReporƟng II 3 Core ACCT 408 InternaƟonal AccounƟng II 3 Core ACCT 410 Corporate Finance 3 Core ACCT 412 Executorship 3 Core ACCT 414 Financial Management II 3 Core ACCT 416 Business Decision & Analysis 3 Core ACCT 418 Corporate Governance & AccounƟng Ethics 3 Core 21 Second Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite MATH101 Sets and Number System 2 O/L Maths MATH103 Trigonometry and Co-ordinate Geometry 2 “ MATH105 DiﬀerenƟal and Integral Calculus 2 “ COSC101 IntroducƟon to

Business Decision & Analysis 3 Core ACCT 418 Corporate Governance & AccounƟng Ethics 3 Core 21 Second Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite MATH101 Sets and Number System 2 O/L Maths MATH103 Trigonometry and Co-ordinate Geometry 2 “ MATH105 DiﬀerenƟal and Integral Calculus 2 “ COSC101 IntroducƟon to CompuƟng 2 “ PHYS111 Mechanics 2 O/L Physics PHYS131 Heat and properƟes of maƩer 2 “ 12 TOTAL First Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite COSC104 IntroducƟon to Problem Solving 2 O/L Maths. MATH102 Algebra 2 “ MATH104 Conic SecƟons and ApplicaƟon of Calculus 2 “ MATH106 Vectors and Dynamics 2 “ STAT102 Introductory StaƟsƟcs 2 “ PHYS124 Geometric and Wave OpƟcs 1 “ 11 Second Semester TOTAL Restricted Elective Cognate Courses (General Studies) 200 Level Cognate Course (General Studies) Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite GENS202 Entrepreneurship and InnovaƟon 2 2 TOTAL Restricted Departmental Electives Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite MATH209 Numerical Analysis I 3 MATH104 or equiv. 3 TOTAL Unrestricted Electives Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite COSC206 Human Computer InteracƟon 2 COSC101 or equiv. MATH208 Linear Algebra II 3 MATH102 or equiv. 5 TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite COSC301 Data Structures and Algorithm 3 COSC211 COSC303 Computer Architecture 3 COSC205 COSC305 Systems Analysis and Design 2 COSC101 COSC309 Database Management systems 3 COSC203 COSC311 OrganizaƟon of Programming Languages 3 COSC211 14 First Semester TOTAL 300 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite PHYS122 Electricity, MagneƟsm and Modern Physics 2 O/L Physics. GEOG106 IntroducƟon to Environmental Science 2 4 TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite GENS101 NaƟonalism 1 GENS103 English and CommunicaƟon Skills 2 GENS107 History and Philosophy of Science 2 5 TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite MATH201 MathemaƟcal Methods I 3 MATH105 or equiv. MATH207 Linear Algebra I 3 MATH102

to Environmental Science 2 4 TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite GENS101 NaƟonalism 1 GENS103 English and CommunicaƟon Skills 2 GENS107 History and Philosophy of Science 2 5 TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite MATH201 MathemaƟcal Methods I 3 MATH105 or equiv. MATH207 Linear Algebra I 3 MATH102 or equiv. COSC211 Object-Oriented Programming I 3 COSC101 or equiv. COSC203 Discrete Structures 3 MATH101 or equiv. COSC205 Digital Logic Design 3 COSC101 or equiv. STAT201 Discrete Probability DistribuƟons 3 STAT102 18 First Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite COSC212 Object-Oriented Programming II 3 COSC101 or equiv. COSC204 Computer OrganizaƟon and Assembly Language 3 COSC101 or equiv. STAT202 ConƟnuous Probability DistribuƟons and DistribuƟon 3 STAT101 or equiv. COSC208 IntroducƟon to ArƟﬁcial Intelligence 3 COSC101 STAT204 Biometry I 3 STAT102 15 Second Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite COSC300 SIWES 6 6 Second Semester TOTAL Cognate Course (General Studies) Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite GENS302 Business CreaƟon and Growth 2 2 TOTAL Restricted Electives Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite COSC307 Web ApplicaƟon Engineering I 3 COSC101 MATH311 MathemaƟcal Modeling 3 MATH201 6 TOTAL 400 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite COSC400 Project 3 COSC300 COSC401 Algorithms and Complexity Analysis 3 COSC301 COSC403 SoŌware Engineering 3 COSC305 COSC405 Web ApplicaƟon Engineering II 2 COSC307 COSC407 Data CommunicaƟons and Networks 3 COSC205 COSC411 OperaƟng Systems 3 COSC204 17 First Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite COSC400 Project 3 COSC300 COSC402 Formal Methods and SoŌware Development 3 MATH201 COSC404 Network Design and Management 3 COSC307 COSC406 Advanced Database Systems 2 COSC309 COSC408 Compiler ConstrucƟon 3 COSC311 14 Second Semester TOTAL Restricted Electives Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite COSC409 Professional and Social Aspects of CompuƟng 3 COSC206 COSC416 SimulaƟon Methodology 3 STAT202 COSC412 Theory of

Development 3 MATH201 COSC404 Network Design and Management 3 COSC307 COSC406 Advanced Database Systems 2 COSC309 COSC408 Compiler ConstrucƟon 3 COSC311 14 Second Semester TOTAL Restricted Electives Code Course Title Credit Units Prerequisite COSC409 Professional and Social Aspects of CompuƟng 3 COSC206 COSC416 SimulaƟon Methodology 3 STAT202 COSC412 Theory of CompuƟng 3 COSC203 9 TOTAL B.Sc. Political Science 100 Level 200 Level Departmental Electives Code Course Title Credit Units Status INTS 201 IntroducƟon to InternaƟonal RelaƟons 2 Core POLS 201 Nigerian Government and PoliƟcs I 2 Core POLS 203 PoliƟcal Ideas 2 Core POLS 207 IntroducƟon to ComparaƟve PoliƟcs 2 Core POLS 209 IntroducƟon to Local Government 2 Core GENS 201 Moral Philosophy 1 ElecƟve GENS 101 NaƟonalism 1 Core for D E 12 First Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Status POLS 213 Gender and PoliƟcs 3 ElecƟve 3 TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Status POLS 101 IntroducƟon to PoliƟcal Science 2 Core STATS 165 StaƟsƟcs for PoliƟcal Science 2 Core POLS 109 Nigerian Indigenous PoliƟcal Systems 2 Core INTS 101 Ancestors of Contemporary InternaƟonal Systems 2 Core COSC 101 Computer 2 Core SOLG 101 IntroducƟon to Sociology I 3 Core GENS 101 NaƟonalism 1 Core GENS 103 English and CommunicaƟon Skills 2 Core GENS 107 History of Philosophy of Science 1 ElecƟve GENS 113 Nigerian Peoples and Culture 2 Core GENS 121 Use of Library, Study Skills and ICT 2 Core GENS 125 Contemporary Health Issues 2 Core 23 First Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Status POLS 102 IntroducƟon to African PoliƟcs 2 Core POLS 110 IntroducƟon to Research and Knowledge AcquisiƟon 2 Core POLS 104 Nigerian ConsƟtuƟonal Development 2 Core SOLG 104 IntroducƟon to Psychology 3 Core GEOG 106 IntroducƟon to Environmental Science 2 Core POLS 112 CiƟzen and The State 2 Core

Units Status POLS 102 IntroducƟon to African PoliƟcs 2 Core POLS 110 IntroducƟon to Research and Knowledge AcquisiƟon 2 Core POLS 104 Nigerian ConsƟtuƟonal Development 2 Core SOLG 104 IntroducƟon to Psychology 3 Core GEOG 106 IntroducƟon to Environmental Science 2 Core POLS 112 CiƟzen and The State 2 Core POLS 108 Nigerian Legal Systems 2 Core GENS 112 Logic, Philosophy and Human Existence 2 Core 17 Second Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Status POLS 202 Nigerian Government and PoliƟcs II 2 Core POLS 204 FoundaƟon of PoliƟcal Economy 2 Core POLS 206 IntroducƟon to Public AdministraƟon 2 Core POLS 208 OrganisaƟon of Government 2 Core POLS 210 IntroducƟon to PoliƟcal Analysis 2 Core GENS 202 Entrepreneurship and InnovaƟon 2 Core GENS 224 Leadership Skills 2 14 Second Semester TOTAL 300 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Status POLS 301 History of PoliƟcal Thought 3 Core POLS 303 Contemporary PoliƟcal Analysis 2 Core POLS 305 Public Policy Analysis 2 Core POLS 307 Research Methods 2 Core POLS 309 Methodology of ComparaƟve PoliƟcs 2 Core POLS 311 GlobalizaƟon and the Developing World 2 Core POLS 321 Theory & PracƟce of Public AdministraƟon 2 Core GENS 301 Entrepreneurship 2 Core 17 First Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Status POLS 302 PoliƟcal Data Analysis 2 Core POLS 304 PoliƟcal Behavior 2 Core POLS 306 ComparaƟve Federalism 2 Core POLS 324 African PoliƟcal Thought 2 Core POLS 326 Electoral Process and Management 2 Core INTS 310 Theories of InternaƟonal RelaƟons 3 Core POLS 322 Field Experience 2 Core 15 Second Semester TOTAL 400 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Status POLS 401 Civil Military RelaƟons 3 Core POLS 403 Development AdministraƟon 3 Core POLS 405 Third World and Dependency 3 Core POLS 407 Public Finance AdministraƟon 2 Core INTS 401

3 Core POLS 322 Field Experience 2 Core 15 Second Semester TOTAL 400 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Status POLS 401 Civil Military RelaƟons 3 Core POLS 403 Development AdministraƟon 3 Core POLS 405 Third World and Dependency 3 Core POLS 407 Public Finance AdministraƟon 2 Core INTS 401 Nigerian Foreign Policy 2 Core POLS 423 Peace Studies 2 Core 15 First Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Status POLS 402 PoliƟcs and Law in Africa 3 Core POLS 406 Nigerian Local Government 3 Core POLS 404 State and Economy 3 Core POLS 400 Research Project 6 Core 15 Second Semester TOTAL B.Sc. Sociology 100 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Status SOLG 101 IntroducƟon to Sociology I 3 Core SOLG 103 IntroducƟon to Anthropology 3 Core SOLG 105 IntroducƟon to Psychology 3 Core SOLG 107 IntroducƟon to African SocieƟes and Cultures 3 Core GENS 101 NaƟonalism 1 Core GENS 103 English and CommunicaƟon Skills 2 Core GENS 107 History and Philosophy of Science 1 ElecƟve 16 First Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Status SOLG 102 IntroducƟon to Sociology i 3 Core SOLG 104 Nigerian Heritage 3 Core SOLG 106 Element of scienƟﬁc thought 3 Core GENS 102 Environmental Health 1 Core 10 Second Semester TOTAL 200 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Status SOLG 201 History of Social Thought 3 Core SOLG 203 Structure of the Nigerian Society 3 Core SOLG 205 Social StaƟsƟcs 3 Core SOLG 207 Sociology of the Family 3 ElecƟve SOLG 209 Language in Society and Culture 3 Core SOLG 211 Sociology of Mass CommunicaƟon 3 ElecƟve SOLG 2 13 The Military and the State 3 ElecƟve SOLG 215 Sociology of Knowledge and technology 3 Core GENS 201 Moral Philosophy 1 ElecƟve 25 First Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units

209 Language in Society and Culture 3 Core SOLG 211 Sociology of Mass CommunicaƟon 3 ElecƟve SOLG 2 13 The Military and the State 3 ElecƟve SOLG 215 Sociology of Knowledge and technology 3 Core GENS 201 Moral Philosophy 1 ElecƟve 25 First Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Status SOLG 202 Social Psychology 3 Core SOLG 204 Sociology of Ageing 3 Core SOLG 206 Social Change 3 ElecƟve SOLG 208 Women in Society 3 ElecƟve SOLG 2 12 Sociology of EducaƟon 3 ElecƟve GENS 202 Entrepreneurship and InnovaƟon 2 Core 17 TOTAL Second Semester 300 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Status SOLG 302 Classical Sociological Theory II 3 Core SOLG 304 Sociology of Law 3 ElecƟve SOGL 306 Sociology of Religion ElecƟve SOLG 308 Rural Sociology 3 ElecƟve SOLG 3 10 Inter-group RelaƟons 3 ElecƟve SOLG 3 12 PopulaƟon and Environment 3 ElecƟve SOLG 3 14 Military Sociology 3 ElecƟve SOLG 3 16 Sociology of Nonviolent Change 3 ElecƟve SOLG 3 18 Forensic Sociology 3 ElecƟve SOLG 320 Industrial Sociology 3 ElecƟve GENS 302 Business CreaƟon and Growth 2 Core 29 Second Semester TOTAL 400 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Status SOLG 401 Contemporary Sociological Theories 3 Core SOLG 403 Models in Sociological Analysis 3 Core SOLG 405 Ethnography of Sub-Saharan African 3 Core SOLG 407 Sociology of the Third World 3 ElecƟve SOLG 411 Industrial RelaƟons in Nigeria 3 ElecƟve SOLG 413 Child Development 3 ElecƟve SOLG4I5 Sociology of Deviant Behaviour 3 ElecƟve SOLG 417 Sociology of Medicine 3 ElecƟve SOLG 41 9 Environmental Sociology 3 ElecƟve 27 First Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Status SOLG 400 Research Project 6 Core SOLG 402 Current Trends in Sociological Theory 3 Core SOLG 404 UrbanizaƟon and Labour MigraƟon 3 ElecƟve SOLG 406 Sociology of Development

Sociology of Medicine 3 ElecƟve SOLG 41 9 Environmental Sociology 3 ElecƟve 27 First Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Status SOLG 400 Research Project 6 Core SOLG 402 Current Trends in Sociological Theory 3 Core SOLG 404 UrbanizaƟon and Labour MigraƟon 3 ElecƟve SOLG 406 Sociology of Development 3 ElecƟve SOLG 408 Healthcare in Developing Countries 3 ElecƟve SOLG 410 Sociology of DecolonizaƟon 3 ElecƟve SOLG 412 Women and Development 3 ElecƟve SOLG 414 Personality and MoƟvaƟon 3 ElecƟve SOLG 416 Theories of Imperialism 3 ElecƟve SOLG 418 Applied Demography 3 ElecƟve SOLG 420 Culture and CommunicaƟon 3 ElecƟve 36 Second Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Status SOLG 301 Methods of Social Research 3 Core SOLG 303 Social Inequality and StraƟﬁcaƟon 3 Core SOLG 305 Classical Sociological Theory 1 3 Core SOLG 307 PoliƟcal Sociology 3 ElecƟve SOLG 309 Sociology of Health and Illness Behaviour 3 ElecƟve SOLG 311 IntroducƟon to Demography 3 ElecƟve SOLG 313 Economy and Society 3 ElecƟve SOLG 315 IntroducƟon to Urban Sociology 3 ElecƟve SOLG 317 Formal OrganizaƟons 3 ElecƟve SOLG 319 Social Work and Social Problems 3 ElecƟve SOLG 321 Sociology of Crime and Delinquency 3 ElecƟve 33 First Semester TOTAL B.Sc International Studies 100 Level 200 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Status INTS 201 IntroducƟon to InternaƟonal RelaƟons 2 Core POLS 201 Nigerian Government and PoliƟcs I 2 Core INTS 211 Element of Contemporary Global Studies 2 Core POLS 205 PoliƟcal Ideas 2 Core POLS 213 IntroducƟon to Regional IntegraƟon and ComparaƟve Regional IntegraƟon 2 Core POLS 207 IntroducƟon to ComparaƟve PoliƟcs 2 Core INTS 207 New States in World PoliƟcs 2 Core FRNC 213 French Language for InternaƟonal Studies 2 FRNC 215 Oral PracƟce for InternaƟonal Studies 2 Core 18 First Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit

Regional IntegraƟon and ComparaƟve Regional IntegraƟon 2 Core POLS 207 IntroducƟon to ComparaƟve PoliƟcs 2 Core INTS 207 New States in World PoliƟcs 2 Core FRNC 213 French Language for InternaƟonal Studies 2 FRNC 215 Oral PracƟce for InternaƟonal Studies 2 Core 18 First Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Status INTS 101 Ancestors of the Contemporary InternaƟonal System 2 Core POLS 101 IntroducƟon to PoliƟcal Science 2 Core INTS 105 History of Europe from the French RevoluƟon to Worl 2 Core INTS 165 StaƟsƟcs for poliƟcal Science 2 Core FRNC 111 IntroducƟon to French for InternaƟonal Studies 2 Core FRNC 113 ConversaƟonal PracƟce for InternaƟonal Studies 2 Core GENS 101 NaƟonalism 1 Core GENS 103 English and CommunicaƟon Skills 2 Core GENS 113 Nigerian Peoples and Culture 2 Core GENS 121 Use of Library, Study Skills and ICT 2 Core COSC 101 Computer Studies 2 Core 21 First Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Status POLS 102 IntroducƟon to African PoliƟcs 2 Core POLS 110 IntroducƟon to Research and Knowledge AcquisiƟon 2 Core POLS 112 CiƟzen and the State 2 Core INTS 102 EvoluƟon of the Contemporary InternaƟonal System 2 Core INTS 106 IntroducƟon to Management 2 Core GEOG 106 Environmental Science 2 Core FRNC 112 Rudiments of French for InternaƟonal Studies 2 Core FRNC 114 ConversaƟonal PracƟce for InternaƟonal Studies 2 Core GENS 112 Logic, Philosophy and Human Existence 2 Core 18 TOTAL Second Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Status POLS 202 Nigerian Government and PoliƟcs II 2 Core POLS 204 FoundaƟon of PoliƟcal Economy 2 Core INTS 202 Structure of InternaƟonal Society 2 Core POLS 210 IntroducƟon to PoliƟcal Analysis 2 Core FRNC 212 French for InternaƟonal Studies II 2 Core FRNC 214 Oral PracƟce for InternaƟonal Studies II 2 Core GENS 202 Entrepreneurship

PoliƟcs II 2 Core POLS 204 FoundaƟon of PoliƟcal Economy 2 Core INTS 202 Structure of InternaƟonal Society 2 Core POLS 210 IntroducƟon to PoliƟcal Analysis 2 Core FRNC 212 French for InternaƟonal Studies II 2 Core FRNC 214 Oral PracƟce for InternaƟonal Studies II 2 Core GENS 202 Entrepreneurship and InnovaƟon 2 Core GENS 222 Peace and Conﬂict ResoluƟon 2 Core GENS 224 Leadership Skills 2 Core 18 Second Semester TOTAL 300 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Status INTS 301 InternaƟonal Economic RelaƟons 2 Core POLS 307 Research Methods 2 Core POLS 311 GlobalizaƟon and the Developing World 2 Core INTS 303 The InternaƟonal PoliƟcal System 2 Core INTS 307 InternaƟonal PoliƟcs in the Post-cold War Era 2 Core INTS 309 Field Trip 2 Core POLS 321 Theory and PracƟce of AdministraƟon 2 Core FRNC 321 French for InternaƟonal Studies 2 Core GENS 301 Entrepreneurship 2 Core 18 First Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Status POLS 304 Public Policy Analysis 2 Core POLS 302 PoliƟcal Data Analysis 2 Core INTS 310 Theories of InternaƟonal RelaƟons 2 Core INTS 308 Foreign Policy Analysis 2 Core INTS 304 Laws of NaƟons and Diplomacy 2 Core POLS 326 History of PoliƟcal Thought 3 Core FRNC 322 French for InternaƟonal Studies (Advanced) II 2 Core 15 Second Semester TOTAL 400 Level Code Course Title Credit Units Status INTS 401 Nigerian Foreign Policy 2 Core INTS 403 Fundamental Human Rights 2 Core INTS 405 Foreign Policies of the Powers 2 Core INTS 407 Race, Religion and Ethnicity in InternaƟonal RelaƟons 2 Core INTS 409 InternaƟonal PoliƟcs of Mass CommunicaƟon 2 Core POLS 405 Third World and Dependency 2 Core INTS 411 InternaƟonal PoliƟcs of Africa 2 Core FRNC 431 French for InternaƟonal Studies I 2 Core 16 First Semester TOTAL Code

INTS 407 Race, Religion and Ethnicity in InternaƟonal RelaƟons 2 Core INTS 409 InternaƟonal PoliƟcs of Mass CommunicaƟon 2 Core POLS 405 Third World and Dependency 2 Core INTS 411 InternaƟonal PoliƟcs of Africa 2 Core FRNC 431 French for InternaƟonal Studies I 2 Core 16 First Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Status POLS 400 Research Project 6 Core INTS 406 InternaƟonal InsƟtuƟons 2 Core INTS 404 Contemporary Strategic Studies 2 Core INTS 408 Technology, Ecology and Environmental Issues in InternaƟonal RelaƟons 2 Core FRNC 430 French for InternaƟonal Studies II 2 Core 14 Second Semester TOTAL Master of Business Administration (MBA) Regular Code Course Title Credit Units Status BUAD 817 MBA Language Programme 3 Programme Core BUAD 819 Management & OrganizaƟonal Behaviour 3 Programme Core BUAD 823 Environment of Business 3 Programme Core BUAD 829 Monetary Theory & Policy 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 827 Financial Markets and Economic Development 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 811 Financial System & Bank Management 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 843 Managerial Problem Solving 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 831 OrganizaƟonal Design 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 813 Industrial RelaƟons 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 833 AdverƟsing Management 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 835 RelaƟonship MarkeƟng 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 815 MarkeƟng Thought 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 860 Hajj Rites and Procedures 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 861 IntroducƟon to Tourism Contract 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 862 (I) Hajj AdministraƟon and Structure 1 (Nigeria) 3 SpecialisaƟon Core First Semester Finance & Investment SpecialisaƟon Human Resources SpecialisaƟon MarkeƟng SpecialisaƟon Hajj OperaƟons Management SpecializaƟon Code Course Title Credit Units Status BUAD 822 MIS / ICT Management 3 Programme Core BUAD 824 Human Resource Management 3 Programme Core BUAD 826 Research Methodology 3 Programme Core BUAD 828 MarkeƟng Management and Strategy 3 Programme Core BUAD 830 InternaƟonal Business Finance 3 SpecialisaƟon Core

OperaƟons Management SpecializaƟon Code Course Title Credit Units Status BUAD 822 MIS / ICT Management 3 Programme Core BUAD 824 Human Resource Management 3 Programme Core BUAD 826 Research Methodology 3 Programme Core BUAD 828 MarkeƟng Management and Strategy 3 Programme Core BUAD 830 InternaƟonal Business Finance 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 810 Investment and Project Analysis 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 812 Analysis for Business Decision 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 834 Purchasing & Supply Chain Management 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 841 Advanced OrganisaƟonl Behaviour 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 816 Theory & AdministraƟon of CompensaƟon 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 814 Personnel Performance EvaluaƟon & Management 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 834 Purchasing & Supply Chain Management 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 838 Industrial MarkeƟng 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 818 Product Development & Pricing Policies 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 820 Consumer Behaviour 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 834 Purchasing & Supply Chain Management 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 863 IntroducƟon to InternaƟonal RelaƟons 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 864 Saudi Arabia (Geography, People and Culture) 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 862 (II) Hajj AdministraƟon and Structure (Saudi Arabia) 3 SpecialisaƟon Core Human Resources SpecialisaƟon MarkeƟng SpecialisaƟon Hajj OperaƟons Management SpecializaƟon Second Semester Finance & Investment SpecialisaƟon Code Course Title Credit Units Status BUAD 837 QuanƟtaƟve Methods for Management 3 Programme Core BUAD 839 Managerial Finance 3 Programme Core BUAD 843 Business Ethics & Corporate Governance 3 Programme Core BUAD 825 Business, Government & Society 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 845 Porƞolio Theory and Capital Market Analysis 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 847 Management of Financial InsƟtuƟons 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 825 Business, Government & Society 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 849 OrganisaƟonal Change & Development 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 851 Labour Management RelaƟons 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 825 Business, Government & Society 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 853 Advanced MarkeƟng Research 3 SpecialisaƟon

847 Management of Financial InsƟtuƟons 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 825 Business, Government & Society 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 849 OrganisaƟonal Change & Development 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 851 Labour Management RelaƟons 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 825 Business, Government & Society 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 853 Advanced MarkeƟng Research 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 857 InternaƟonal MarkeƟng 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 865 Tourism OperaƟons Management 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 866 ComparaƟve Hajj AdministraƟon and Structure ( UK and Malaysia) 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 867 Other Religious Pilgrimages 3 SpecialisaƟon Core Finance & Investment SpecialisaƟon Human Resources SpecialisaƟon MarkeƟng SpecialisaƟon Hajj OperaƟons Management SpecializaƟon Third Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Status BUAD 836 Business Policy & Strategy 3 Programme Core BUAD 832 Entrepreneurship & Small Business Development 3 Programme Core BUAD 890 Research/Project 3 Programme Core BUAD 840 Internship 3 Mandatory BUAD 868 Management of Emergencies 3 SpecialisaƟon Core BUAD 869 IntroducƟon to Sociology 3 SpecialisaƟon Core Fourth Semester Hajj OperaƟons Management SpecializaƟon Master of Business Administration (MBA) Special Code Course Title Credit Units Status BUAD 801 Management Theory & PracƟce 3 Core BUAD 803 Principles of AccounƟng 3 Core BUAD 805 Managerial Economics 3 Core BUAD 807 Fundamentals of MarkeƟng 3 Core BUAD 802 ProducƟon & OperaƟons Management 3 Core BUAD 804 Corporate Financial Management 3 Core BUAD 806 Business StaƟsƟcs & QuanƟtaƟve Analysis 3 Core BUAD 808 Business & Company Law 3 Core First Semester 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th Semesters similar to 1st, 2nd ,3rd and 4th Semesters for MBA Regular. MASTERS IN LAW AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROGRAMME MASTERS IN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (MIM) Code Course Title Credit Units Status LIBS 887 InformaƟon Policies 2 Core LIBS 891 InformaƟon Service Personnel 2 Core LIBS 893 Research Principles and Analysis 2 Core LIBS 885 InformaƟon ConsulƟng 2 Core LIBS 823 Project

MBA Regular. MASTERS IN LAW AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROGRAMME MASTERS IN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (MIM) Code Course Title Credit Units Status LIBS 887 InformaƟon Policies 2 Core LIBS 891 InformaƟon Service Personnel 2 Core LIBS 893 Research Principles and Analysis 2 Core LIBS 885 InformaƟon ConsulƟng 2 Core LIBS 823 Project Management 2 Core LIBS 867 Database Management 2 ElecƟve LIBS 881 MulƟmedia Systems 2 ElecƟve LIBS 883 Online InformaƟon Industries 2 ElecƟve LIBS 897 PreservaƟon Management 2 ElecƟve LIBS 879 Business InformaƟon Services 2 ElecƟve Code Course Title Credit Units Status LIBS 888 Legal Issues in InformaƟon Management 2 Core LIBS 884 Knowledge Management 2 Core LIBS 892 OrganizaƟon of InformaƟon 2 Core LIBS 880 InformaƟon System Design 2 Core LIBS 894 InformaƟon Retrieval 2 Core LIBS 868 Corporate InformaƟon Centre 2 ElecƟve LIBS 882 Web System Design and Management 2 ElecƟve LIBS 886 CompeƟƟve Intelligence 2 ElecƟve LIBS 890 Human Resource Management 2 ElecƟve LIBS 896 InformaƟon Systems 2 ElecƟve LIBS 898 Research Project 6 Core First Semester Second Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Status MLCJ 801 Sociological Thinking in Crime PrevenƟon and control 2 Core MLCJ 803 The Nature of Crime and Delinquency 2 Core MLCJ 805 The Ethnography and Social Structure of Nigeria 2 Core MLCJ 807 Methods of Research for Crime PrevenƟon and control 2 Core MLCJ 809 Philosophies of Crime PrevenƟon and Control 2 Core MLCJ 811 VicƟmology and VicƟms of Crime 2 ElecƟve MLCJ 813 Countering CorrupƟon and organized Crime 2 ElecƟve MLCJ 899 Visits of ObservaƟon 6 Core First Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Status MLCJ 800 Project 6 Core MLCJ 802 Measurement of PaƩerns of Crime 2 Core MLCJ 804 Police and Law Enforcement 2 Core MLCJ 806 Courts and AdministraƟon of JusƟce 2 Core MLCJ 808 Prisons and AlternaƟve

899 Visits of ObservaƟon 6 Core First Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Status MLCJ 800 Project 6 Core MLCJ 802 Measurement of PaƩerns of Crime 2 Core MLCJ 804 Police and Law Enforcement 2 Core MLCJ 806 Courts and AdministraƟon of JusƟce 2 Core MLCJ 808 Prisons and AlternaƟve CorrecƟon of Oﬀenders 2 Core MLCJ 810 Public Policy, Crime PrevenƟon and Control 2 Core MLCJ 812 Informal Mechanisms of Control 2 ElecƟve MLCJ 814 Special Categories of Oﬀenders: Women, Children, Drug Oﬀenders. 2 ElecƟve Second Semester MASTERS IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS AND DIPLOMACY - MIAD Code Course Title Credit Units Status MIAD 801 Method and Logic of PoliƟcal Inquiry 3 MIAD 803 Foreign Policy Analysis 3 MIAD 805 Area Studies 3 MIAD 807 Issues in Contemporary World PoliƟcs 3 MIAD 809 InternaƟonal Economic RelaƟons 3 Code Course Title Credit Units Status MIAD 802 InternaƟonal PoliƟc: Theories and PracƟce 3 MIAD 804 Human Rights, Democracy, and InternaƟonal PoliƟcs 3 MIAD 806 InternaƟonal OrganisaƟons and World Peace IniƟaƟves 3 MIAD 808 ComparaƟve Foreign Policy (Nigeria, India, USA, Russia, and China) 3 One ElecƟve Course from Other SpecialisaƟons 3 MIAD 891 Research Project 3 Code Course Title Credit Units Status MIAD 810 Diplomacy: History, Theory, and PracƟce 3 MIAD 812 Conﬂict and CooperaƟon in the InternaƟonal System 3 MIAD 814 InternaƟonal Law and the Art of NegoƟaƟon 3 MIAD 816 Human Right and Security 3 One ElecƟve Course from Other SpecialisaƟons 3 MIAD 891 Research Project 3 Code Course Title Credit Units Status MIAD 818 Theories of InternaƟonal Development 3 MIAD 820 The PoliƟcs of Financial InsƟtuƟons 3 MIAD 822 Contemporary Issues in Sustainable Development 3 MIAD 824 The Origins, EvoluƟon, and Structure of World Trade 3 One ElecƟve Course from Other SpecialisaƟons 3 MIAD 891 Research Project 3 Code Course Title Credit

MIAD 818 Theories of InternaƟonal Development 3 MIAD 820 The PoliƟcs of Financial InsƟtuƟons 3 MIAD 822 Contemporary Issues in Sustainable Development 3 MIAD 824 The Origins, EvoluƟon, and Structure of World Trade 3 One ElecƟve Course from Other SpecialisaƟons 3 MIAD 891 Research Project 3 Code Course Title Credit Units Status MIAD 826 Theories of Peace, Conﬂict and Global Security 3 MIAD 828 FoundaƟons of Defence and Security Studies 3 MIAD 830 InternaƟonal OrganisaƟons and Global Security 3 MIAD 832 Civil-Military RelaƟons 3 One ElecƟve Course from Other SpecialisaƟons 3 MIAD 891 Research Project 3 GENERAL COURSES SPECIALISATION- A (INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS) SPECIALISATION- B (DIPLOMACY) SPECIALISATION- C (INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT) SPECIALISATION- D (DEFENCE AND SECURITY STUDIES) MASTERS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (MPA) Code Course Title Credit Units Status PADM801 OrganisaƟonal Theory & Public Admin. 3 Core PADM803 Research Methods 3 Core PADM805 Public Policy Analysis 3 Core PADM809 Public Enterprise Management 3 Core PADM817 Conﬂict Management 3 Core PADM811 Project Management 3 ElecƟve PADM813 Rural and Urban Development 3 ElecƟve 21 First Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Status PADM802 Nigerian Government & AdministraƟon 3 Core PADM804 Advanced DescripƟve StaƟsƟcs 3 Core PADM806 Public Personnel Management 3 Core PADM808 Public Financial Management 3 Core PADM810 Development AdministraƟon 3 Core PADM812 ComparaƟve Local Government 3 ElecƟve PADM816 Inter-Governmental RelaƟons 3 ElecƟve 21 Second Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Status PADM831 ComparaƟve Public AdministraƟon 3 Core PADM833 e-Governance in the Public Sector 3 Core PADM835 AdministraƟve Law 3 Core PADM892 Research Project 6 Core PADM882 Seminar 1 Core 16 Third Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Status COMM 813 IntroducƟon to Public Health 3 Core (Gen.) COMM 801 Basic Epidemiology 3 Core (Gen.) COMM 803 Research Methodology 3 Core (Gen.) COMM 805 Contemporary issues in OccupaƟonal and Environmental Health 3

Project 6 Core PADM882 Seminar 1 Core 16 Third Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Status COMM 813 IntroducƟon to Public Health 3 Core (Gen.) COMM 801 Basic Epidemiology 3 Core (Gen.) COMM 803 Research Methodology 3 Core (Gen.) COMM 805 Contemporary issues in OccupaƟonal and Environmental Health 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 807 Environmental and OccupaƟonal Health Hazards, Injury PrevenƟon and Control 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 843 Toxicology and Approaches to Water, SanitaƟon and Hygiene Research 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 811 BiostaƟsƟcs I 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 819 InfecƟous Disease Epidemiology 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 821 Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 871 Training Methods in Health PromoƟon and EducaƟon 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 865 Psychological FoundaƟon of Health Behaviour and Change Process 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 861 Group Dynamics & Community MobilisaƟon in Health PromoƟon 3 Core (Spec.) First Semester (FIRST SESSION) ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH EPIDEMIOLOGY HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTION MASTERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH (MPH) Code Course Title Credit Units Status COMM 802 Principles of Health CommunicaƟon and Learning 3 Core (Gen.) COMM 804 Advanced Computer ApplicaƟons 3 Core (Gen.) COMM 834 Primary Health Care and Principles of Management 3 Core (Gen.) COMM 806 Environmental and OccupaƟonal Health PracƟce, Policy and LegislaƟon 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 808 Risk Assessment and Safety Programme Management 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 836 Global Climate Change: Health Impact and Response 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 818 Advanced Epidemiology 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 844 Public Health Surveillance 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 864 Principles of Health PromoƟon and EducaƟon 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 866 School Health Programme and Services 3 Core (Spec.) ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH EPIDEMIOLOGY HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTION Second Semester (FIRST SESSION) Code Course Title Credit Units Status COMM 837 Behavioural Science 3 Core (Gen.) COMM 839 Health StaƟsƟcs and CompuƟng

of Health PromoƟon and EducaƟon 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 866 School Health Programme and Services 3 Core (Spec.) ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH EPIDEMIOLOGY HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTION Second Semester (FIRST SESSION) Code Course Title Credit Units Status COMM 837 Behavioural Science 3 Core (Gen.) COMM 839 Health StaƟsƟcs and CompuƟng 3 Core (Gen.) COMM 891 Research Project I 3 Core (Gen.) COMM 835 GIS and Satellite Remote Sensing of the Environment and its ApplicaƟo 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 809 Environmental Microbiology: Food, Water and Air Borne Diseases 3 ElecƟve (Spec.) COMM 845 Environmental and OccupaƟonal Epidemiology 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 851 Clinical Epidemiology 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 845 Environmental and OccupaƟonal Epidemiology 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 853 Media Strategies in Health PromoƟon 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 873 Health Programme Planning and EducaƟon 3 Core (Spec.) EPIDEMIOLOGY HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTION ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH First Semester (SECOND SESSION) Code Course Title Credit Units Status COMM 892 Research Project II 3 Core (Gen.) COMM 881/882 Seminar 2 Core (Gen.) COMM 870 PracƟcum in Health and EducaƟon 2 Core (Spec.) HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTION Second Semester (SECOND SESSION) POST-GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN EDUCATION (PGDE) Code Course Title Credit Units Status PGD 701 History of EducaƟon in Nigeria 2 Core PGD 703 Sociology of EducaƟon 2 Core PGD 705 Philosophy of EducaƟon 2 Core PGD 707 EducaƟonal Psychology 2 Core PGD 709 EducaƟon & InformaƟon Technology 2 Core PGD 711 General Teaching Methods 2 Core First Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Status PGD 700 Teaching PracƟce 4 Core PGD 702 Curriculum & InstrucƟon 2 Core PGD 704 Research Methods 2 Core PGD 706 Test & Measurement 2 Core PGD 708 Guidance & Counselling 2 Core PGD 710 EducaƟonal AdministraƟon & Management 2 Core PGD 799 Project 4 Core Second Semester Code Course Title

700 Teaching PracƟce 4 Core PGD 702 Curriculum & InstrucƟon 2 Core PGD 704 Research Methods 2 Core PGD 706 Test & Measurement 2 Core PGD 708 Guidance & Counselling 2 Core PGD 710 EducaƟonal AdministraƟon & Management 2 Core PGD 799 Project 4 Core Second Semester Code Course Title Credit Units Status MTLD 701 Fundamentals of Public AdministraƟon 2 ElecƟve MTLD 822 Ethics, Behavior & Gender Issues in Leadership 2 ElecƟve MTLD 832 Leadership MoƟvaƟon, Change & Enterprise 2 ElecƟve PGD 712 General Principle & EvaluaƟon in EducaƟon 2 Core PGD 713 Micro-Teaching in Teachers’ EducaƟon 2 Core PGD 714 ComparaƟve EducaƟon 2 Core PGD 715 EducaƟon Management & Ethics 2 Core PGD 716 Adult & Non-Formal EducaƟon 2 Core PGD 717 EducaƟon Supervision & School InspecƟon 2 Core PGD 718 Subject Methodology 2 Core ElecƟves POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT (PGDM) Code Course Title Credit Units Status BUAD 711 Principles of Management 2 Core BUAD 713 Principles of AccounƟng 2 Core BUAD 715 Principles of Micro Economics 2 Core BUAD 717 Fundamentals of MarkeƟng 2 Core BUAD 719 Principles of Finance 2 Core BUAD 721 Business MathemaƟcs 2 Core BUAD 723 Research Methodology 2 Core 14 First Semester TOTAL Code Course Title Credit Units Status BUAD 712 IntroducƟon to Public AdministraƟon 2 Core BUAD 714 Principles of Macro Economics 2 Core BUAD 716 Human Resource Management 2 Core BUAD 718 Computers in OrganisaƟon 2 Core BUAD 720 Business StaƟsƟcs 2 Core BUAD 722 Global Economic Environment 2 Core BUAD 724 Research Project 4 Mandatory 16 Second Semester TOTAL For Further Enquiries: Please call our support lines 01-2803823, 09039448743, 08173000010 and 08153000010 or send an email to admissions@abudlc.edu.ng and abudlc.ng@gmail.com. You can also ﬁnd us on social media platforms to have your questions answered: Facebook: ABU Distance Learning |

BUAD 724 Research Project 4 Mandatory 16 Second Semester TOTAL For Further Enquiries: Please call our support lines 01-2803823, 09039448743, 08173000010 and 08153000010 or send an email to admissions@abudlc.edu.ng and abudlc.ng@gmail.com. You can also ﬁnd us on social media platforms to have your questions answered: Facebook: ABU Distance Learning | Twitter: @abu_dlc | WhatsApp: 09039448743

ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Accounting: MAC) DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE Ahmadu Bello University STUDENT HANDBOOK Master in Accounting (MAC) ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Accounting: MAC) ii © 2024 Distance Learning Centre, ABU Zaria, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the Director, Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. First published 2018 Published and Printed by Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tel: 08065949711 abupress@abu.edu.ng info@abupress.com.ng Website: www.abupress.com.ng ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Accounting: MAC) iii FOREWORD Whereas the Distance Learning Centre Prospectus covers all aspects of the Distance Learning delivery in Ahmadu Bello University, the DLC MASTER IN ACCOUNTING (MAC) Student Handbook is designed to give you an overview of the MASTER IN ACCOUNTING (MAC) by Distance Learning in the Ahmadu Bello University. A Handbook of this nature is a must read for you. It provides useful information on the nature, orientation and scope of the MASTER IN ACCOUNTING (MAC) programme as well as highlights the uniqueness of this delivery modality. As you opt for the distance learning mode to acquire a Master Degree in ACCOUNTING (MAC), we shall strive to make your learning experience a memorable one. I urge you to commit, discipline and submit yourself to the demand of distance education. This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of

to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Accounting: MAC) iv CONTENTS Copyright page ii Foreword iii Contents iv PART 1: General Information 1 1.1 Principal Officers of the University 3 1.2 Visitor, Principal Officers, Deans and Directors 4 1.3 Historical Perspective 7 1.4 Zaria. 9 1.5 Philosophy and Objectives of the University 10 1.6 University Administration 11 1.7 Faculties, Institutes, Centres and Schools 12 PART 2 Distance Learning Centre 14 2.0 Introduction 15 2.1 Distance Learning Centre 15 2.1.6 Administration 18 2.2 Distance Learning Centre Academic Calendar 18 2.3 Programmes for Distance Learning Delivery 21 2.4 Deployment of Distance Learning Programmes 21 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery 23 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure 25 2.5 Studying as a Distance Learner 25 2.6 Waiver and Deferment Guidelines 35 PART THREE: MASTER IN ACCOUNTING (MAC) Foreword ........................................................................................... 42 CHAPTER ONE: PROGRAMMES 43 Values of the Department .................................................................. 43 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (Masters in Accounting: MAC) v Goal of the Department ............................................................ 43 Mission of the Department ....................................................... 43 Specific Objectives of the Department..................................... 44 CHAPTER TWO: PROGRAMMES ................................................ 45 CHAPTER FOUR: EXAMINATION MATTERS ........................... 22 CHAPTER FIVE: DEPARTMENTAL FACILITIES ....................... 26 AND OTHER MATTERS ................................................................ 26 CHAPTER THREE: COURSE CREDIT SYSTEM 29 CHAPTER FOUR: EXAMINATION MATTERS 49 4.1 Examination Regulations 49 CHAPTER FIVE: DEPARTMENTAL FACILITIES AND OTHER MATTERS 52 5.1 Departmental Library Service 52 5.2 Departmental Computer Laboratory and E-Library 52

EXAMINATION MATTERS ........................... 22 CHAPTER FIVE: DEPARTMENTAL FACILITIES ....................... 26 AND OTHER MATTERS ................................................................ 26 CHAPTER THREE: COURSE CREDIT SYSTEM 29 CHAPTER FOUR: EXAMINATION MATTERS 49 4.1 Examination Regulations 49 CHAPTER FIVE: DEPARTMENTAL FACILITIES AND OTHER MATTERS 52 5.1 Departmental Library Service 52 5.2 Departmental Computer Laboratory and E-Library 52 5.3 Departmental Sanitary/Safety Facilities 53 5.4 Dress Code 53 CHAPTER SIX: PROGRAMME CURRICULUM & DESCRIPTION 55 6.1 Courses and Course Contents for Masters in Accounting (MAC) 55 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 66 1 PART I GENERAL INFORMATION ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 2 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 3 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Vice-Chancellor Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Raymond R. Bako Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 4 1.2 VISITOR, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEANS AND DIRECTORS Visitor: Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vic- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical

Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vic- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 5 Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar Farouq Yaya Director, Directorate of University Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi

Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 6 Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law: Dr. Salim Bashir Magashi Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook

Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 7 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th . October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded in Samaru, Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today,

Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 8 thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institution has since inception been under the successive Vice Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (1975-1978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (1986-1991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991-1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004-2009), Professor Abdullahi Mustapha (2009-2015), Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Professor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of

the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 9 The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental reorganisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute

with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 10 Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 11 men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”.

are: “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander- inChief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 12 The University Senate building 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 13 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19.

Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 13 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 14 PART II DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 15 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System

a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campusbased programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 16 Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional income by means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious.

The Europe Africa Quality ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 16 Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional income by means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 17 programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and e-Learning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and

Distance and e-Learning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 18 Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and

Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 19 interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 20 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 21 - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferments 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. ACCOUNTING, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. International Studies, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from

making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. ACCOUNTING, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. International Studies, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 22 Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force

Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 23 conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of relevant Discussion questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC)

be provided. iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 24 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student- student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common room. The Liaison Offices shall be administered by an Administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 25 The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of

Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 25 The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video- Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will be working through specially prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills that would assist you in studying independently. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 26 A. Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to

Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to read between the lines and beyond the lines; ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 27 5. You must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn

be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write well by imitating good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are reading. Therefore, you need the skill of note taking and note making. When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; 3. be consistent in note taking; ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 28 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind

Use abbreviations to shorten notes; 3. be consistent in note taking; ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 28 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will make study more appropriate and effective such as: 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 29 Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while you are studying because notes may not be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to

because notes may not be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing, drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 30 C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. i. Start early To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact your first day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for

To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact your first day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand-outs or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials to learn for examinations. v. Revise Revise for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 31 vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised

and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You are learning the facts for the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 32 you just read and do not perform certain activities

be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 32 you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence

show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 33 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well-focused conclusion. 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 34 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't

your language: be brief, clear and direct. Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 34 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 35 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options

etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 35 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. 1. Read and fully understand the examination regulations 2. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write 8. this first. You may forget to do so later on. 9. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 10. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 36 DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng)

presentation. 10. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 36 DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment application is abudlc-edu.ng 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be forwarded at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000 ($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 37 C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip)

Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester – whichever is more convenient for you. - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 38 - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you

Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 39 - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES

mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your etutors shall be made available to you. - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 40 - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in

session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 41 - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall

quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 42 PART III MASTER IN ACCOUNTING (MAC) ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 43 CHAPTER ONE PROGRAMME 1.1 Values of the Department The Department of Accounting cherishes and upholds the following values:  Academic programmes is NUC and professional bodies compliant in terms of Benchmark Minimum Academic Standard (BMAS) and method of delivery.  Selfless, committed and dedicated service  Conducive environment for work and learning  Diverse staff and learner composition  Production of high-quality graduates that can compete nationally and internationally  Dynamic and participative leadership and management 1.2 Goal of the Department A Department known for academic excellence, highly dynamic staff and a corporate outlook that serves as a world-class centre for the training of accounting professionals and academics for Nigerian establishments and beyond. 1.3 Mission of the Department  To produce high quality graduates with the highest level of professionalism, and academic astuteness capable of meeting the changing needs and challenges of the Nigerian environment;  To train high level manpower with ICT

of accounting professionals and academics for Nigerian establishments and beyond. 1.3 Mission of the Department  To produce high quality graduates with the highest level of professionalism, and academic astuteness capable of meeting the changing needs and challenges of the Nigerian environment;  To train high level manpower with ICT competences that can cope with the challenges of globalisation;  To be a role model among Academic Units in Ahmadu Bello University in terms of deliverables and deliveries. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 44 1.4 Specific Objectives of the Department  To provide the best education in Accounting so as to equip young men and women for careers as Accounting Educators and Practitioners nationally and internationally.  To sufficiently prepare learners for career in teaching, research and consultancy in Accounting and related disciplines.  To equip students of Accounting with the skills needed for recognising and defining problems and taking appropriate decision using current scientific techniques and ICT.  To consolidate and expand the frontiers of knowledge in Accounting through development of teaching materials, research and publications.  To inculcate in learners the awareness of, and sensitivity to, environmental factors and conditions and their impact on Accounting thought and practice.  To develop students in leadership and interpersonal relation skills needed for working in organizations. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 45 CHAPTER TWO PROGRAMME 2.1 Programme and Year of Commencement • Master in Accounting 2023 2.2 Philosophy, Objectives and Admission and Graduation Requirements 2.2.4 Master in Accounting (MAC) Philosophy of the Programme The philosophy of the Masters in Accounting (MAC) programme is to give learners a highly demanding experience that will enable them to become capable of making sound accounting and financial policy decisions in both public and private sector organisations. Objectives

Requirements 2.2.4 Master in Accounting (MAC) Philosophy of the Programme The philosophy of the Masters in Accounting (MAC) programme is to give learners a highly demanding experience that will enable them to become capable of making sound accounting and financial policy decisions in both public and private sector organisations. Objectives The specific objectives of the programme are to: 1. expose learners to theories in accounting; and how they are related to what are obtainable in practice. 2. enable learners to become up to date in the field of accounting; and how the recent developments in accounting are applied in policy decisions and implementations in all types of organisations. 3. Create readiness in learners growing challenges in the field of accounting. Admission Requirements The minimum entry qualifications for the programme are: a) B.Sc. Accounting, B.Sc. ACCOUNTING (with specialisation in Banking & Finance), and B.Sc. Banking and/or Finance with a minimum of a Second Class (Lower Division) from any ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 46 recognised university in Nigeria or elsewhere. b) HND in Accounting, ACCOUNTING, Economics, and Banking and/or Finance from accredited institutions coupled with a recognised professional qualification; such as ACA, ACCA, ACIB, ICAN, ACS, and ANAN among others. c) Candidates with third class degree in B.Sc. Accounting, B.Sc. ACCOUNTING, B.Sc. Economics, and B.Sc. Banking and/or Finance are also eligible provided they have Postgraduate Diploma in Accounting and Finance (PGDAF) or a 5-year post graduation relevant work experience. d) Candidates with HND in Accounting, ACCOUNTING, Economics, and Banking and/or Finance from accredited institution with distinction, upper credit or lower credit but without professional qualifications should also have Postgraduate Diploma in Accounting and Finance (PGDAF) or recognised equivalent qualification. e) Candidates that reach high accounting/finance managerial positions in the financial or public sector, with good degree in

and Banking and/or Finance from accredited institution with distinction, upper credit or lower credit but without professional qualifications should also have Postgraduate Diploma in Accounting and Finance (PGDAF) or recognised equivalent qualification. e) Candidates that reach high accounting/finance managerial positions in the financial or public sector, with good degree in other fields may also be considered. Graduation Requirements A minimum of 36 credit units is required for Master of Accounting (Part-Time) which runs for 24 months plus a project, which requires external moderation. 2.4 Registration Procedure All candidates admitted into the Postgraduate programme of the Department are required to be screened by the School of Postgraduate Studies. All students shall register for all the courses they are taking as part of their specific programme. Courses registration is centrally coordinated and usually lasts for few days. A student who fails to register within the specified days will be required to pay a late registration fee. All students (both new and returning) are required to, after making payment, ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 47 register their courses for the session through the DLC’s portal and download the completed course registration form for signing by their respective Coordinator. Such a student shall be deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the University and may only be re-admitted in any subsequent session with the approval of the Senate. (NOTE: a student is required to consult their programme Coordinator for proper guidance on courses to be registered) Personal files are opened for all newly admitted students while returning students are required to update their files. These files are used to keep record of all subsequent correspondences with, or about the students. After the registration of newly admitted students, they are required to matriculate. At matriculation, all qualified students are sworn into the

all newly admitted students while returning students are required to update their files. These files are used to keep record of all subsequent correspondences with, or about the students. After the registration of newly admitted students, they are required to matriculate. At matriculation, all qualified students are sworn into the main stream of academic activities of the DLC. Under no circumstance will DLC allow a new student to register after matriculation. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 48 CHAPTER THREE COURSE CREDIT SYSTEM Ahmadu Bello University operates a Course Credit System. Course Credit System refers to a system or organisation of the curriculum in which disciplines or integrated disciplines are broken down into courses. These courses are arranged in progressive order of difficulty or in level of academic progress. The second aspect of the system is that courses are assigned weights called Credit Units. Credit Units are assigned to a course depending on the number of hours needed for the duration of the course. The courses within the Department fall under the following headings:  Core Courses  Elective Courses 3.1 Core Courses Core courses are central to the programme in view. They are normally offered by the Department running the degree. Core courses constitute not less than 70% of all the course units that the student must take to complete the course work requirements. 3.2 Elective Courses Elective courses are optional courses. They are a set of required /courses from which a learner is expected to select one or more courses as the case may be. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 49 CHAPTER FOUR EXAMINATION MATTERS 4.1 Examination Regulations In order to be admitted to any examination, a learner must have been registered for the course unit to be examined and must

select one or more courses as the case may be. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 49 CHAPTER FOUR EXAMINATION MATTERS 4.1 Examination Regulations In order to be admitted to any examination, a learner must have been registered for the course unit to be examined and must have fulfilled any University regulation concerning residence, fees or other matters. At least 75% attendance is required in all classes to qualify a learner to sit for examination. All students should note and comply with the following: 1. Learners shall be at the examination room at least 10 minutes before the advertised time of the examination. They are required to supply their own pen, ruler and calculator (where required). Borrowing is not allowed in the Examination Hall. A learners may be admitted up to 45 minutes after the commencement of the examination, but he shall not be allowed extra time. 2. A learner may be permitted by an invigilator to leave the examination room during the course of the examination provided that such student: a) is not leaving during the first hour or last fifteen minutes of the examination. b) hands over his script to the invigilator before leaving, if he does not intend to return. c) will not be admitted into the examination room thereafter, unless throughout the period of his absence, he has been continually under the supervision of an invigilator or assistant invigilator. 3. A learner must bring his examination card and identity card to each examination and displays it on a prominent position on ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 50 his desk. Each learner must sign the attendance register, which shall be collected by the invigilator of each examination hall. 4. During an examination, no student shall speak to any other student

and displays it on a prominent position on ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 50 his desk. Each learner must sign the attendance register, which shall be collected by the invigilator of each examination hall. 4. During an examination, no student shall speak to any other student except as essential to the invigilator, or make any noise or disturbances. 5. No book, printed-paper, or written document or unauthorised aid may be taken into an examination room by a learners, except as may be stated in the instruction of any examination paper. 6. A student must not directly or indirectly give assistance to any other student or permit any other student to copy from or otherwise use his papers during an examination. Similarly, a student must not directly or indirectly accept assistance from any other student or use any other student's papers. 7. A learner should write his examination/admission number distinctly at the top of the cover of every answer book or separate sheet of paper. 8. The use of extra rough paper is not permitted. All rough work must be done in the answer book and crossed neatly through or in supplementary answer books, which must be submitted to the invigilator. Except for the printed question paper, a student may not remove from the examination room or mutilate any paper or other material supplied. 9. At the end of the time allocated, each student shall stop writing when instructed to do so and shall gather his scripts together for collection by the invigilator. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 51 4.2 Examination Weighting System and Classification of Degree 4.2.1 Grading System: The grading system used in the evaluation of postgraduate students in the department of Accounting is detailed below Marks Letter Grades Grade Points

together for collection by the invigilator. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 51 4.2 Examination Weighting System and Classification of Degree 4.2.1 Grading System: The grading system used in the evaluation of postgraduate students in the department of Accounting is detailed below Marks Letter Grades Grade Points 70 and above A 5 60 – 69 B 4 50 – 59 C 3 0 – 49 F 0 4.2.2 Classification of Degree For all postgraduate coursework, the minimum pass score is 50%. Any student who fails in any course shall repeat such a course. Any student whose CGPA falls below 3.00 in 2 consecutive semesters shall withdraw from the programme. 4.3. Release of Results and Handling of Petition After results are released, students are allowed two weeks within which to raise issues with respect to the results. These issues include omissions, wrong entry of scores, wrong computation of GPA, CGPA and other errors that could arise. The petitions are then treated by the centre on their merit. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 52 CHAPTER FIVE DEPARTMENTAL FACILITIES AND OTHER MATTERS 5.1 Departmental Library Service The centre has a physical as well as e-library each for Undergraduate students with some resources common to both Libraries. The Libraries are located within the premises of the department. Currently, the Libraries are undergoing the process of computerisation with intra and internet facilities to ease research for both staff and learner. There are a number of recently published materials in form of books, journals, newspapers, and magazines in the libraries. Furthermore, all postgraduate students in the department can access library services and other e-resources at the following: a) President J. F. Kennedy Library at the Institute of Administration, Kongo Campus b) Sir Kashim Ibrahim Library at the Main Campus

in form of books, journals, newspapers, and magazines in the libraries. Furthermore, all postgraduate students in the department can access library services and other e-resources at the following: a) President J. F. Kennedy Library at the Institute of Administration, Kongo Campus b) Sir Kashim Ibrahim Library at the Main Campus The departmental libraries are opened from 8.00 am to 6.00 pm Mondays – Saturdays. On Fridays, the services extend to 9.00 pm. During examination periods, both Libraries are available up till 10.00 pm Mondays – Saturdays. 5.2 Departmental Computer Laboratory and E-Library One of the major goals of the Department is to produce good students that will meet the yearnings and challenges of the Business environment, both nationally and internationally. In order to meet this requirement, the Department has been making spirited efforts to provide the necessary facilities that will enhance research. Currently, the Department has a computer laboratory and an e-library that are meant to facilitate learning and research. The two resource centres are located in the department’s administrative building. In addition, students can ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 53 access the services of Faculty of Administration’s Digital Centre located near the Dean’s Office at Department of Public Administration 5.3 Departmental Sanitary/Safety Facilities The Department has made adequate provisions for sanitary facilities for both staff and students. Recently, all the toilets within the premises of the Department and those outside were renovated. There are toilets around the lecture theatres for male and female students for their convenience. Students are generally advised to strictly observe good toilet habits to ensure preservation of the structures for generations to come. In addition, a number of fire extinguishers were purchased by the Department. They are placed in strategic locations around the Department in case of fire outbreak. 5.4 Dress

their convenience. Students are generally advised to strictly observe good toilet habits to ensure preservation of the structures for generations to come. In addition, a number of fire extinguishers were purchased by the Department. They are placed in strategic locations around the Department in case of fire outbreak. 5.4 Dress Code Ahmadu Bello University has a policy on dressing, which was reduced to a Dress Code. The Code applies to both Undergraduate and Postgraduate students. The following descriptions and elements are what constitute indecent and offensive dressing in the University: 1. Short and skimpy dresses e.g., Body hugs, show - me- your chest, spaghetti wears and dresses exposing sensitive parts. 2. Tights, shorts and skirts that are above the knees (except for sporting purposes) 3. Tattered jeans with holes. 4. Transparent and see through dresses. 5. Tight fittings e.g. Jean skirts, hip star, patra, lakra etc. that reveal the contour of the body 6. Under-clothing, such as singlet worn publicly. 7. Unkempt appearance, such as bushy hair and beards 8. Dresses that make it impossible to wear laboratory coat during practicals or participate actively in practicals. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 54 9. Long and tight skirts which are opened in front or at the sides which reveal sensitive parts as the wearer moves on. 10. Wearing of T-shirts with obscene captions. 11. Shirts without buttons or not properly buttoned, leaving the wearer bare chested. 12. Wearing of earrings by male students. 13. Plaiting or weaving of hair by male students. 14. Wearing of coloured eye glasses, not on medical grounds in the classrooms. 15. Wearing of bathroom slippers to classrooms (not on medical grounds) 16. Wearing of trousers that stop between knee and ankle. Students should note that for the purposes of identification, such as

of hair by male students. 14. Wearing of coloured eye glasses, not on medical grounds in the classrooms. 15. Wearing of bathroom slippers to classrooms (not on medical grounds) 16. Wearing of trousers that stop between knee and ankle. Students should note that for the purposes of identification, such as in Examination Halls, Lecture Theatres and Security matters, every student shall be identified by his or her face. The following sanctions have been provided for offenders: 1st Offender to appear before Unit Dress Code Implementation Committee for counseling 2nd Offender to be sent out of classroom, library, office, clinic, etc. 3rd Offender to appear before Advisory Committee on Students’ Discipline ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 55 CHAPTER SIX PROGRAMME CURRICULUM & DESCRIPTION 6.1 Courses and Course Contents for Master in Accounting (MAC) First Semester S/ N Code Course Title Type Credit Unit 1 ACCT 851 Accounting Theory and Regulatory Framework Core 3 2 ACCT 853 Accounting Information System Core 3 3 ACCT 855 Public Sector Accounting Core 3 4 ACCT 857 Research Methodology Core 3 5 ACCT 859 Managerial Economics Core 3 6 ACCT 861 Forensic Accounting and Auditing Core 3 7 ACCT 863 Oil and Gas Accounting Elective 2 8 ACCT 865 Treasury Management Elective 2 9 ACCT 867 Management Theory and Practice Elective 2 Second Semester S/ N Code Course Title Type Credit Unit 1 ACCT 852 Advanced Financial Accounting and Reporting Core 3 2 ACCT 854 Management Accounting Core 3 3 ACCT 856 International Accounting Core 3 ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 56 4 ACCT 858 Corporate Finance Core 3 5 ACCT 860 Auditing and Assurance Services Core 3 6 ACCT 862 Taxation Theory & Practice Core 3 7 ACCT 864 Public Finance Elective 2 8 ACCT 866 Business

International Accounting Core 3 ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 56 4 ACCT 858 Corporate Finance Core 3 5 ACCT 860 Auditing and Assurance Services Core 3 6 ACCT 862 Taxation Theory & Practice Core 3 7 ACCT 864 Public Finance Elective 2 8 ACCT 866 Business Policy & Strategic Management Elective 2 9 ACCT 868 International Business Finance Elective 2 Note: Students must take at least one Elective in each semester Third Semester S/ N Code Course Title Type Credit Unit 1 ACCT 867 Accounting Seminar/ Workshop Core 3 2 ACCT 894 Project Core 6 1. COURSE DESCRIPTION ACCT 851: Accounting Theory and Regulatory Framework History and evolution of Accounting; Agency Theory; Positive Accounting Theory; Normative Accounting Theory; The need for a Regulatory Framework of Accounting; Analysis and comparison of Conceptual Frameworks of Countries; Evolution of the Standard Setting Process towards Harmonisation - practical issues and difficulties; Agency theory revisited - Legitimacy and Stakeholder Theories: Voluntary disclosure; Behavioural aspects of Accounting and ultimate effectiveness of the Regulatory Framework. Valuation models; Accounting versus Economic Financial instruments recognition and measurement. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 57 ACCT 852: Advanced Financial Accounting & Reporting The Regulatory Framework - Companies Act, Listing Rules, Conceptual Framework; Accounting Standards; Presentation of published financial statements; revenue recognition; substance over form; post balance sheet events; accounting for working capital; accounting for long term assets Property, plant and Equipment, Investments and Intangibles; lessee and lessor accounting; Pensions; Accounting for Financial instruments; Recognition and measurement of elements in financial statements; Deferred taxation; Business combinations and reorganisations; Accounting for share-based payments; Accounting for foreign transactions and entities; Reporting requirements for financial institutions; Segmental reporting; Current issues in Financial Reporting such as IFRS Adoption & Application. ACCT 853: Accounting Information System Design of accounting

Recognition and measurement of elements in financial statements; Deferred taxation; Business combinations and reorganisations; Accounting for share-based payments; Accounting for foreign transactions and entities; Reporting requirements for financial institutions; Segmental reporting; Current issues in Financial Reporting such as IFRS Adoption & Application. ACCT 853: Accounting Information System Design of accounting systems; tools for and techniques of analysing and designing accounting systems with emphasis on system controls and reporting; concepts of implementation and support with emphasis on system quality assurance, evaluation and attestation; accounting enterprise models and linked systems’ information technology; analysis and design of inter- functional process flows through re-engineering to exploit technology capabilities; management of knowledge based systems, accounting data and information in organisations. ACCT 854 Management Accounting Distinction and Relationship between Financial and Cost Management, Budgeting and Budgetary Control, Standard Costing and Variance Analyses, Marginal Costing, Cost- Volume-Profit Relationship, Accounting for Decision making, Make or Buy decisions, Accept or Reject decisions, Special ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 58 offers, Accounting for Pricing Decision, Drop-or add-products, Capital Budgeting. ACCT 855 Public Sector Accounting Basic accounting for non-profit organisation; basic characteristics of government accounting; structure of governmental accounting in Nigeria; the treasury; audit department; consolidated revenue fund, capital and development fund; planning, programming and budgeting system (PPBS). An overview of government accounting: differences between accounting for government and commercial enterprises; cash basis of accounting in public sector; accruals basis of accounting in public sector; modified cash basis of accounting; budgeting in the public sector; public accounts committee and budget approval; virement of the approved budget; format and contents of financial statements; financial statements of specific public sector organisations - Federal, State and Local Governments, Military, Teaching Hospitals and Parastatals. Advanced study of generally accepted accounting principles and procedures of government units and not-for-profit organisations: fund accounting

committee and budget approval; virement of the approved budget; format and contents of financial statements; financial statements of specific public sector organisations - Federal, State and Local Governments, Military, Teaching Hospitals and Parastatals. Advanced study of generally accepted accounting principles and procedures of government units and not-for-profit organisations: fund accounting systems: consolidated revenue fund; capital and development funds; special assessment funds; inter- governmental service funds; application of costing methods to public funds; federal government accounting; accounting for local governments; application of costing methods to public funds; budgetary accounts; accounting for health and educational institutions; PPBS; zero base and other budgetary methods on current issues. ACCT 856 International Accounting National and international accounting and business issues; global capital market issues; international finance system; international accounting and business topics: the nature and scope of international business; international business ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 59 environment; financial control of multinational concerns; international accounting standards in relation to preparation of financial statements; conversion and accounting for foreign currencies; capital flight; transfer of dividends; costing of foreign products; funds for foreign directors; preparation, transition and analysis of financial statements for companies that have branches of foreign multinational companies; accounting standards: major accounting standards bodies of the world including their history, methods and standards. The Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRC) formerly known as the Nigerian Accounting Standards Board (NASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB-USA) and the Financial Accounting Standards (FASs), the Accounting Standard Board (ASB-UK) and the Statements of Standard Accounting Practice (SSAPs); the International Accounting Standards Board (ISAB) and International Financial Reporting Standards. ACCT 857 Research Methodology Introduction to key topics in research in accounting, including philosophy of science, theory, validity, method choice, population and sample selection; Identification of research and problems including statement of hypothesis and research

Standard Accounting Practice (SSAPs); the International Accounting Standards Board (ISAB) and International Financial Reporting Standards. ACCT 857 Research Methodology Introduction to key topics in research in accounting, including philosophy of science, theory, validity, method choice, population and sample selection; Identification of research and problems including statement of hypothesis and research questions and objectives. Sources of data and data collection instruments, analysis and interpretation of data; Application of statistical tools such as Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA and various other models. The art of problem identification and analysis, data gathering, analysis and report writing with emphasis on the approach at every stage; Quantitative and qualitative research and analysis. The study of the specification of econometric models in economic and accounting theories research; stochastic disturbances, and the link between conceptual variables and observable economic data; Estimation of single equation: linear, non-linear models by least squares (OLS) and other methods and ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 60 simultaneous equation models. Particular attention is given to specification of problem, identification of errors and application of the various tools to aid analysis in accounting research. ACCT 858 Corporate Finance Nature and scope of Financial management, Overview of Source of Finance, Ordinary Shares, Debenture and Preference Shares, Convertible Loan Stocks, Bank borrowing and Hire Purchase, Cost of Capital, Capital Structure Theories and Arbitrage Process, Simulation, Time Value of Money and Cost-Benefit-Analysis, Strategic planning and decision making; Short and long run decision-making and control, Customer Profitability analysis, Risk and Uncertainty; Budgeting and Budgetary control; Categorisation of Security, Investment and Speculation. Risks and Return of Securities: Risk in traditional sense, Risk in contemporary mode, Security returns. Management of Securities: Passive strategy, Immunisation strategy, Bond ladder strategy. Capital Market Efficiency: Forms of Efficiency, Market of Efficiency. Portfolio and Portfolio Analysis: Traditional Analysis, Modern Analysis. Utility Analysis: Preference

of Security, Investment and Speculation. Risks and Return of Securities: Risk in traditional sense, Risk in contemporary mode, Security returns. Management of Securities: Passive strategy, Immunisation strategy, Bond ladder strategy. Capital Market Efficiency: Forms of Efficiency, Market of Efficiency. Portfolio and Portfolio Analysis: Traditional Analysis, Modern Analysis. Utility Analysis: Preference function, Expected utility function. Portfolio Selection Models: Geometric Mean Rate, Safety first, Stochastic Dominance. Evaluation of Portfolio Performance: Principles and Methods. ACCT 859: Managerial Economics Nature and Scope of Managerial Economics, Objectives of Business Firms, Decision Rules and Tools of Analysis, Analysis of Demand and Demand Forecasting, Analysis of Market Demand and Demand Elasticity, Production and Cost Analysis, Theory of Cost and Break-Even Analysis, Market Structure, Pricing Theory and Practices, Pricing Strategies and Practices, National Income, Economic Growth and Business Cycles. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 61 ACCT 860: Auditing and Assurance Services Assurance services, Business environment and corporate governance, the audit process - Audit risk, materiality, management assertions and evidence, Business risks and strategic audit planning, Evaluating internal control structure, Direct tests of account balances. Computer assisted audit techniques, Audit of revenue and related accounts, Audit of acquisition cycle and inventory, Audit of liquid assets, Audit of other assets and liabilities, Sampling issues in audit tests, Audit of other assets and liabilities, Completing the audit, and Communicating levels of assurance. ACCT 861 Forensic Accounting and Auditing An Overview of Forensic Accounting; Meaning of Forensic Accounting, Historical Evolution of Forensic Accounting, Difference and Similarities between Forensic Accountants, Financial Auditors and Fraud Auditors, Users of Forensic Accounting Information and their specific needs, Role of Forensic Accounting in the Legal System. An Overview of Fraud Investigation; Meaning of Fraud and Difference between Corporate Fraud and Management Fraud, Meaning of Fraud Triangle and its major components, Fraud Schemes and

Accountants, Financial Auditors and Fraud Auditors, Users of Forensic Accounting Information and their specific needs, Role of Forensic Accounting in the Legal System. An Overview of Fraud Investigation; Meaning of Fraud and Difference between Corporate Fraud and Management Fraud, Meaning of Fraud Triangle and its major components, Fraud Schemes and Various Red flags Associated with the Scheme, Classical and Other Approaches to Fraud Prevention Control Programmes, Fraud Examination and its distinction with Forensic Accounting and Financial Statement Audit. Forensic Criminology and Legal Studies; Meaning of Forensic Criminology and its role in the administration of Justice, Brief History of Forensic Criminology, Difference between Forensic Criminology, Applied Criminology and Police Science, Classical Criminology and its components, Meaning of White Collar Crime and its historical evolution, Roles of EFCC, ICPC and other Investigative Agencies on Financial Crime, Meaning of ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 62 Organizational Crime and its effect on social image of Organization, Modalities of controlling Organizational Crime. ACCT 862: Taxation Theory and Practice The evolution and structure of the company income tax system from a public policy perspective. Emphasis is on legal, economic, social and practical considerations. Tax reforms in Nigeria, Taxation of entities – partnerships, estates and trusts; taxation of gifts and estates; capital gains tax, analysis of tax laws, weight or authority, ethnical issues, planning and administrative procedures; capital allowances, treatment of Losses; petroleum profit tax; pioneer companies’ tax and modified value added tax; taxation of specialized companies Such as Banks, Insurance, Shipping and Airline Companies; double taxation arrangements. Theory and principles of Nigerian Tax System; determination of taxable income for individuals and taxable profits for companies; basis of assessment and capital allowance; loss relief; taxation of incomes from partnerships; taxation of employment income and the PAYE system of taxation. The Federal Inland Revenue

Airline Companies; double taxation arrangements. Theory and principles of Nigerian Tax System; determination of taxable income for individuals and taxable profits for companies; basis of assessment and capital allowance; loss relief; taxation of incomes from partnerships; taxation of employment income and the PAYE system of taxation. The Federal Inland Revenue Service and Company Taxation in Nigeria: objections and appeal procedure, tax reforms in Nigeria and the Federal Inland Service Establishment Act of 2007, capital gains tax, value added tax, taxation of specialized companies, taxation of non-residents in Nigeria and double taxation arrangements, transfer pricing methods, tax related fiscal policies, withholding tax system, petroleum profit tax, and case studies. ACCT 863 Oil and Gas Accounting Introduction to Oil and Gas Accounting: Definition of oil and Gas; Terminologies used in oil and Gas operations; Oil and Gas reserves; Phases in Oil and Gas Upstream Operations; Regulatory framework in the preparation of oil and gas accounts (SAS, IAS, IFRS and GAAP); Classification and Grouping of ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 63 Cost and Revenue in oil and Gas: exploration cost, production cost, transportation cost, refining and distribution cost; property cost and their treatment; Oil and Gas Revenues Process; Historical cost methods and financial reporting in oil and Gas operations: Successful Efforts (SE) Vs. Full Cost (FC); Differences between Successful Efforts and Full Cost Accounting and Related Accounting Treatment; Ceiling Test; Certain Property Costs and the Treatment of these Costs under SE and FC. Differences of Depletion, Depreciation &Amortization; Asset Impairment and Disposal Linkages; Preparation of final accounts using SE & FC; Joint venture and Production Sharing Contract (PSC): Production Sharing Contract between National Oil Companies and Operating Companies; Calculation of PSC; Introduction to Joint Venture; Account for Mineral Interests (i.e. Royalty, Working Interest, Overriding Royalty Interest, Etc.); Accounting for

Impairment and Disposal Linkages; Preparation of final accounts using SE & FC; Joint venture and Production Sharing Contract (PSC): Production Sharing Contract between National Oil Companies and Operating Companies; Calculation of PSC; Introduction to Joint Venture; Account for Mineral Interests (i.e. Royalty, Working Interest, Overriding Royalty Interest, Etc.); Accounting for Exploration and Production Companies; Accounting for Decommissioning (Brief Intro.) ACCT 864 Public Finance Mechanics of monetary and Fiscal Policies and Interest rates, Government budgeting system, Federal Government's revenue and expenditure, National income, expenditure and deductions, Nigerian tax rates and structure, National and state Development plans, debt management in Nigeria, external loans, Paris club, London club loans pooling and consolidation, loan re- scheduling, debt-equity swap, debt forgiveness, introduction to International Finance, additional opportunities and additional risks faced by a multinational corporation, integration of world markets, international monetary system, exchange rate systems, international financial markets - overview, the foreign exchange market and currency risk management, exchange rate determination, international Parity Conditions, forecasting exchange rates, currency forwards and futures, currency options, put-call parity; reproducing securities, currency swaps, offshore ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 64 financial markets, international bond and stock markets, the relevance of currency hedging, and types of currency exposure. ACCT 865: Treasury Management Definition of Treasury Management, Structure of Treasury Management, Functions of Treasurer and Controller, Treasury Policy, Developing a Treasury Framework, Elements of Policies in Specific Areas, Treasury Performance, Treasury Control, Importance of Treasury Control, Framework of Treasury Control, Treasury Audit, Sarbanes Oxley - Impact on Treasury Control, Concept of Risk, Risk Management Process, Determination of Business Objectives, Identification of Risks, Measurement of Risk, Accounting of Derivatives under FAS 133, Fair Value Hedges, Cash Flow Hedges, Foreign Currency Hedges, Accounting Under IAS 39. ACCT 866 Business Policy and Strategy Concept, nature and dynamics of corporate policy,

Treasury Control, Concept of Risk, Risk Management Process, Determination of Business Objectives, Identification of Risks, Measurement of Risk, Accounting of Derivatives under FAS 133, Fair Value Hedges, Cash Flow Hedges, Foreign Currency Hedges, Accounting Under IAS 39. ACCT 866 Business Policy and Strategy Concept, nature and dynamics of corporate policy, policy implementations and evaluation; objectives and concepts of strategy, the theory and practice of strategic formulation and implementation, the strategic planning process, the techniques for appraisal, development of strategic options, strategic thinking for innovative and creative ideas, corporate portfolio analyses, assessment of corporate structures, dynamics, positions, actions and reactions by competitors; Corporate Strategy Relating to the Environment; Opportunities and Constraints Facing Business Organizations with Particular Reference to the following Strategic Areas: Organization, Execution and Evaluation of Decisions; the Corporation and Society; Corporation and Government; Case Studies and Analysis ACCT 867 Management Theory and Practice Conventional and modern conceptions of management, Definition and dynamics of management theory; levels and ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 65 feature of theory in management. Applications and relevance of theory in the Nigeria context. Organizational design and outline managing group processes, problems of integration and control; managing change and development. Modern issues in management theory. ACCT 868 International Business Finance Overview of International Financial Systems, International Banking and Financial Markets, including the Foreign Exchange Risks & Management Practices by International Businesses, Overview of International Economics in relationship with International Finance, Euro Banks and Euro Financing, Financing Methods in International Trade, International Financial Management, Project Finance and Transfer Pricing by Multinational Corporations, Foreign Direct Investment, Multinational Investment Guarantees and Investment Codes, International Economics and Business Operations in the Context of changing Global Financial Development. ACCT 894: Research Project Students will be required to choose a topic of their choice in the area of

Management, Project Finance and Transfer Pricing by Multinational Corporations, Foreign Direct Investment, Multinational Investment Guarantees and Investment Codes, International Economics and Business Operations in the Context of changing Global Financial Development. ACCT 894: Research Project Students will be required to choose a topic of their choice in the area of accounting, conduct some research and write a formal report of their findings in form of lengthy project writing. The areas to be chosen by the students should preferably be in the current issues surrounding the theory and practice of accounting. The students will be assigned two supervisors to guide him/her up to the completion stage. ACCT 867: Seminar Paper During the course of the MAC programme, students will be required to prepare and present one seminar paper, in form of a term paper, for each of the four semesters. The seminar papers should be based on the areas taught in each semester and could be conceptual, content analysis, or empirical in nature. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 66 Appendix 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES TABLE OF CONTENT Title Page Copyright Page Contents Definitions 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Preamble 1.2 DLC Law and Statute 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 2.0 Preparation for Examinations 3.0 Examination Venues 4.0. Administering Examinations 5.0 Appointment of External/Internal Moderators/Examiners 6.0 General Examination Regulations, 7.0 Consequences for Failing to Write Examinations 8.0 Academic Monitoring/Quality Assurance 9.0 Research Work and Project, Dissertation and Thesis Management 10.0 Duties of Invigilators 11.0 Examination Malpractice 12.0 Sanctions 12.1 Offence by learners 12.2 Offences Involving Staff 13.0 Management of Examination Results ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 67 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as

12.1 Offence by learners 12.2 Offences Involving Staff 13.0 Management of Examination Results ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 67 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campusbased programmes”. 1.2 DLC Law and Statute The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 1. The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations shall be supervised examinations as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 68 Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students

Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 68 Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 Nigerian Students Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 International Students Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 69 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written,

weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 69 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. 4.0. ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three (3) semester in every session. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 70 4. Examination timelines: a. All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e-tutors within four weeks of the semester. b. All examination questions are

each of the three (3) semester in every session. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 70 4. Examination timelines: a. All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e-tutors within four weeks of the semester. b. All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c. All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d. A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 71 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be

the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 71 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour after the examination has started shall not be allowed to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 72 discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the

to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 72 discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 73

invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 73 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalised. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. ABU Distance Learning Master

programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 74 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the programme (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESIS MANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 candidates). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 75 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should

Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 75 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during centre examination v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 76 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 Offence by Learners (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: i) Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination ii) Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. iii) Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. iv) Consulting cheat notes outside

of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination ii) Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. iii) Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. iv) Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. v) Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. vi) Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. vii) Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. viii) Willful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. ix) Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. x) Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session i) Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 77 (where applicable) ii) Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. iii) Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) iv) If a learners refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. v) Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. vi) A learners who that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations vii) Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. 12.2

constituted authority during examinations vii) Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. 12.2 Offences Involving Staff 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. 2. Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to learners after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. ABU Distance Learning Master in Accounting (MAC) Student Handbook 78 2. Learners shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for learners to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their script for a fee. 5. Learners can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Scripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Scripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE Ahmadu Bello University STUDENT HANDBOOK Master in Business Administration (MBA) ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook ii © 2023 Distance Learning Centre, ABU Zaria, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the Director, Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. First published 2018 Published and Printed by Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tel: 08065949711 abupress@abu.edu.ng info@abupress.com.ng Website: www.abupress.com.ng ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook iii FOREWORD Whereas the Distance Learning Centre Prospectus covers all aspects of the Distance Learning delivery in Ahmadu Bello University, the DLC Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook is designed to give you an overview of the Master in Business Administration (MBA) by Distance Learning in the Ahmadu Bello University. A Handbook of this nature is a must read for you. It provides useful information on the nature, orientation and scope of the Master in Business Administration (MBA) programme as well as highlights the uniqueness of this delivery modality. As you opt for the distance learning mode to acquire a Master Degree in Business Administration (MBA), we shall strive to make your learning experience a memorable one. I urge you to commit, discipline and submit yourself to the demand of distance education. This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning

to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook iv CONTENTS Copyright page ii Foreword iii Contents iv PART 1: General Information 1 1.1 Principal Officers of the University 3 1.2 Visitor, Principal Officers, Deans and Directors 4 1.3 Historical Perspective 7 1.4 Zaria. 9 1.5 Philosophy and Objectives of the University 10 1.6 University Administration 11 1.7 Faculties, Institutes, Centres and Schools 12 PART 2 Distance Learning Centre 14 2.0 Introduction 15 2.1 Distance Learning Centre 15 2.1.6 Administration 18 2.2 Distance Learning Centre Academic Calendar 18 2.3 Programmes for Distance Learning Delivery 20 2.4 Deployment of Distance Learning Programmes 21 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery 22 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure 24 2.5 Studying as a Distance Learner 25 2.6 Waiver and Deferment Guidelines 34 PART 3 Master in Business Administration (MBA) 41 3.1 Objectives 42 3.2 Admission Requirements 42 3.3 Specific Admission Requirements for MBA 43 3.4 Duration of MBA programme 43 3.5 Graduation Requirements 44 3.6 Course Structure for MBA 45 3.7 Synopses of Courses 48 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 61 1 PART I GENERAL INFORMATION ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 2 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 3 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His

INFORMATION ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 2 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 3 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Malam Adamu Fika, CFR Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Danladi A. Ameh Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 4 1.2 VISITOR, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEANS AND DIRECTORS Visitor: Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vic- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director,

Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 5 Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar Farouq Yaya Director, Directorate of University Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 6 Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta Director,

Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 6 Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law: Dr. Salim Bashir Magashi Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 7 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria

University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded in Samaru, Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 8 technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every

looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 8 technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institutionhas since inception been under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (1975-1978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (1986-1991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991-1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004-2009), Professor Abdullahi Mustapha (2009-2015), Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Prof.essor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental re- organisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 9 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the

far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 9 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 10 Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES

among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 10 Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 11 required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in- Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters

the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 12 The University Senate building 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 13 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation

Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 14 PART II DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 15 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even

able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 16 income by means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University.

Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 17 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and e-Learning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option.

material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Master in Business Administration (MBA) Student Handbook 18 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The

only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. 19 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferments ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 20 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. International Studies, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional

additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 21 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 22 Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which

matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 22 Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of relevant Discussion questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 23 iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to

conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 23 iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student-student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 24 reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common room. The Liaison Offices shall be administered by an Administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of

in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will be working through specially prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 25 down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills that would assist you in studying independently. A. Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while

1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 26 4. You must be able to read between the lines and beyond the lines; 5. You must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions;

are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write well by imitating good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are reading. Therefore, you need the skill of note taking and note making. When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 27 3. be consistent in note taking; 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you

all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will make study more appropriate and effective such as: 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 28 Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while you are studying because notes may not be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required

accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing, drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 29 C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. i. Start early To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact your first day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best

and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand-outs or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials to learn for examinations. v. Revise Revise for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 30 vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will

all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You are learning the facts for the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 31 read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you.

certain activities as you ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 31 read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 32 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw

views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 32 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well-focused conclusion. 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 33 Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work.

Learning MBA Students Handbook 33 Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 34 do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important

Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 34 do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. i. Read and fully understand the examination regulations ii.. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 35 3. Processing and transmission of transcript

earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 35 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment application is abudlc-edu.ng 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be forwarded at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 36 D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of:

($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester – whichever is more convenient for you. - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 37 - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard

choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 38 - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable

Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e- tutors shall be made available to you. - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 39 your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and

your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 40 - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With

with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 41 PART III MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 42 3.1 Objectives The restructured MBA programme is designed to achieve the main objective of equipping suitably qualified persons to make substantial contributions to knowledge and development in the field of management. Specifically, the programme aims at:  Providing students with knowledge and skills to enhance their performance and to enable them to assume broader responsibility in the rapidly changing environment faced by private and the public sectors.  The provision of knowledge required for understanding, and practical analysis of, problems related to management/and administration of public, private and international organizations.  Producing managers who are capable of applying appropriate management principles and techniques of problem solving in the Nigerian environment and the world at large.  To produce socially responsible managers who are mindful of accepted norms and ethics.  To produce managers who are equipped with relevant ICT knowledge and skills.  To produce managers with entrepreneurial skills and leadership qualities.  To provide interested individuals with the necessary competencies and skills to function effectively as academics in Business Administration. 3.2 Admission Requirements: a) All candidates must possess the basic university entry requirement of five credit passes including English and Mathematics at O’ Level. b) Bachelor’s degree in any field of study with at least a second class lower or 2.40 Cumulative Grade Point Average from Ahmadu Bello University or

3.2 Admission Requirements: a) All candidates must possess the basic university entry requirement of five credit passes including English and Mathematics at O’ Level. b) Bachelor’s degree in any field of study with at least a second class lower or 2.40 Cumulative Grade Point Average from Ahmadu Bello University or any recognized University, ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 43 c) However, candidates with Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration/ Management or any related field such as marketing, Banking and Finance, Insurance and or actuarial science with at least a Second Class Lower or 2.40 Cumulative Grade Point Average from Ahmadu Bello University or any other recognized University may be considered given some advanced credits on the basis of their performances conveyed through their academic transcripts. d) HND holders from any recognized Polytechnic with a minimum of Lower Credit/ Merit in Management or its related fields who are holders of professional certificates such as ANAN,ACIB and ACA may be considered e) Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) from Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) only. 3.3 Specific Admission Requirements for MBA 1) Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration/Management or any related field such as Marketing, Banking & Finance, Insurance and or Actuarial Science with at least a Second Class Lower or 2.40 Cumulative Grade Point Average from Ahmadu Bello University or any other recognized University OR 2) Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) from Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) only. 3.4 Duration of the MBA Programme The MBA Programme is to continue to run in two categories with the specified minimum duration as follows: i. The Part-time (Regular) runs for a minimum of twenty-four months. ii. The Part-time (Special) runs for a minimum of thirty-six months. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 44 3.5 Graduation Requirements S/N Status of Course Number Credits Total Credits 1 Core Courses

with the specified minimum duration as follows: i. The Part-time (Regular) runs for a minimum of twenty-four months. ii. The Part-time (Special) runs for a minimum of thirty-six months. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 44 3.5 Graduation Requirements S/N Status of Course Number Credits Total Credits 1 Core Courses 14 3 42 2 Elective Courses 8 3 24 3 Graduate Seminar 3 3 4 Project 6 3 5 Internship 3 3 75 Grading and Classification of Degree Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) Class of Degree 4.50 – 5.00 2.40 – 4.49 Below 2.40 Distinction Pass Fail ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 45 3.6 Course Structure for MBA 3.6.1 Master of Business Administration (MBA) Regular First Semester Course Code Course title Credit units Core/elective BUAD 817 MBA Language Programme 3 Programme Core BUAD 819 Management & Organizational Behaviour 3 Programme Core BUAD 823 Environment of Business 3 Programme Core Finance & Investment Specialisation BUAD 829 Monetary Theory & Policy 3 Specialisation Core BUAD 827 Financial Markets and Economic Development 3 Specialisation Core BUAD 811 Financial System & Bank Management 3 Specialisation Core Human Resources Specialisation BUAD 843 Managerial Problem Solving 3 Specialisation Core BUAD 841 Advanced Organizational Behaviour 3 Specialisation Core BUAD 813 Business Ethics and Industrial Relations 3 Specialisation Core Marketing Specialisation BUAD 833 Advertising Management 3 Specialisation Core BUAD 835 Relationship Marketing 3 Specialisation Core BUAD 838 Industrial Marketing 3 Specialisation Core ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 46 Second Semester Course Code Course title Credit units Core/elective BUAD 822 MIS / ICT Management 3 Programme Core BUAD 824 Human Resource Management 3 Programme Core BUAD 826 Research Methodology 3 Programme Core BUAD 828 Marketing Management and Strategy 3 Programme Core BUAD 825 Business Government and Society 3 Programme Core BUAD 834 Purchasing and Supply Chain Management

Core/elective BUAD 822 MIS / ICT Management 3 Programme Core BUAD 824 Human Resource Management 3 Programme Core BUAD 826 Research Methodology 3 Programme Core BUAD 828 Marketing Management and Strategy 3 Programme Core BUAD 825 Business Government and Society 3 Programme Core BUAD 834 Purchasing and Supply Chain Management 3 Programme Core Finance & Investment Specialisation BUAD 830 International Business Finance 3 Specialisation Core BUAD 810 Investment and Project Analysis 3 Specialisation Core Human Resources Specialisation BUAD 831 Organizational Design and Dynamics 3 Specialisation Core BUAD 816 Theory & Administration of Compensation 3 Specialisation Core Marketing Specialisation BUAD 818 Product Development & Pricing Policies 3 Specialisation Core BUAD 820 Consumer Behaviour 3 Specialisation Core ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 47 Third Semester Course Code Course title Credit units Core/elective BUAD 837 Quantitative Methods for Management 3 Programme Core BUAD 839 Managerial Finance 3 Programme Core BUAD 821 Business Ethics & Corporate Governance 3 Programme Core BUAD 891 Research Methodology 3 Programme Core Finance & Investment Specialisation BUAD 812 Analysis for Business Decisions 3 Specialisation Core BUAD 845 Portfolio Theory and Capital Market Analysis 3 Specialisation Core BUAD 847 Management of Financial Institutions 3 Specialisation Core Human Resources Specialisation BUAD 814 Personnel Performance Evaluation and Management 3 Specialisation Core BUAD 849 Organisational Change & Development 3 Specialisation Core BUAD 851 Labour Management Relations 3 Specialisation Core Marketing Specialisation BUAD 815 Marketing Thought and Philosophy 3 Specialisation Core BUAD 853 Advanced Marketing Research 3 Specialisation Core BUAD 857 International Marketing 3 Specialisation Core ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 48 Fourth Semester Course Code Course title Credit units Core/elective BUAD 836 Business Policy & Strategy 3 Programme Core BUAD 832 Entrepreneurship & Small Business Development 3 Programme Core BUAD 884 Seminar 3 Programme Core BUAD 840 Internship 3 Mandatory 3.6.2

3 Specialisation Core ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 48 Fourth Semester Course Code Course title Credit units Core/elective BUAD 836 Business Policy & Strategy 3 Programme Core BUAD 832 Entrepreneurship & Small Business Development 3 Programme Core BUAD 884 Seminar 3 Programme Core BUAD 840 Internship 3 Mandatory 3.6.2 Master of Business Administration (MBA) Special First Semester Code Course title Credit units Core/elective BUAD 801 Management Theory & Practice 3 Core BUAD 802 Production & Operations Management 3 Core BUAD 803 Principles of Accounting BUAD 804 Corporate Financial Management BUAD 805 Managerial Economics 3 Core BUAD 806 Business Statistics & Quantitative Analysis 3 Core BUAD 807 Fundamentals of Marketing 3 Core BUAD 808 Business & Company Law 3 Core 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th Semesters similar to 1st, 2nd ,3rd and 4th Semesters for MBA Regular. 3.7 Synopses of Courses General Courses: BUAD 802: Operations Management (OM) 3 Credits Issues in operations strategy, process analysis and the use of data and managerial opinion in making effective propositions to address the questions in the cases. Major economic decision ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 49 problems of production and operations management; aggregate production and work - force scheduling; multi-plant allocation of product; large scale project control (CPM and PERT); production and inventory control; demand forecasting; quality control; and short run job - shop scheduling; the interaction of production problems with those of other functional areas, queuing theory, dynamic programming, multiple regression and correlation. BUAD 803: Introduction to Accounting 3 Credits The Nature and Scope of Accounting: the Functions of Accountants. The Accounting Function and Relationship with the Information System of Organizations. Accounting Procedure and Systems: Double Entry Bookkeeping Systems, the Trial Balance, Accruals, Prepayment and Adjustments: Classification of Expenditure between Capital and Revenue. Methods of recording accounting Data: Manual and

The Nature and Scope of Accounting: the Functions of Accountants. The Accounting Function and Relationship with the Information System of Organizations. Accounting Procedure and Systems: Double Entry Bookkeeping Systems, the Trial Balance, Accruals, Prepayment and Adjustments: Classification of Expenditure between Capital and Revenue. Methods of recording accounting Data: Manual and Mechanical. Trading and Profit and Loss Accounts and Balance Sheets of a sole trader; Accounting Treatment of control Accounts and Bank Reconciliations. Partnership accounting, Accounting Errors and suspense accounts, manufacturing accounts, Royalties; Company Accounts: Formation, issue and redemption of Shares and debentures, final accounts, merging, amalgamation, absorption, etc. including statutory requirements of company accounts in respect of each area. Advanced Partnership accounts: admission of new partner, retirement, dissolution, change of interest, including the treatment of goodwill on admission/retirement. Conversion of partnerships to limited companies, amalgamation of partnerships. Departmental and Branch Accounts. Accounting Concepts, Construction of Financial statements – Balance sheet, Income Statements, Cash-flow Statements, Analysis and Interpretations of financial statements, Elements of Costing and Auditing. BUAD 804: Corporate Financial management 3 Credits The principles and procedures underlying financial statements; financial transactions; alternative accounting statements; tools ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 50 or analysis of ratios and other quantitative measures; accounting information useful for managerial action; application of information in decision situations. Project Appraisal analysis of investment projects, the impact of risk, tax and inflation, the term structure of interest rates, the cost of capital and target rates of return; capital markets - its efficiency, the role of intermediaries, sources of finance, the borrowing decision and company valuation and optimal portfolio allocation; Capital structure - optical capital structure of firms, mergers and acquisitions and the market for corporate control, market efficiency, the principle of capital structure, gearing and the basics of hedging and international finance. BUAD 805: Managerial Economics (ME)

of finance, the borrowing decision and company valuation and optimal portfolio allocation; Capital structure - optical capital structure of firms, mergers and acquisitions and the market for corporate control, market efficiency, the principle of capital structure, gearing and the basics of hedging and international finance. BUAD 805: Managerial Economics (ME) 3 credits Application of principles from various fields in economics and business to management decision making; Price mechanism, allocation of resources, profit drivers of the firm, revenue and cost drivers, interactions among market players, firms' strategy, understanding market forces, the meaning of competition, pricing and profits, market power – good or evil, playing games I – Competition versus Cooperation, playing games II – Entry and Exit, Firms versus Markets; Make or Buy, auctions and market design, economics of information. BUAD 808: Business and Company Law 3 Credits Familiarise candidates with the legal aspects of business. Law of contract, Agency, hire purchase, carriage of goods, and related laws are examined. The company Act and company and miscellaneous matters decree are examined in depth. BUAD 817: MBA Language Programme (MBA LP) 3 credits Rudiments of Communication: Communication Defined Communication, Principles of Communication; Oral, Written Communication: Language Defined, Non-verbal communion Oral and written Communication; Functions and settings of C ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 51 Functions of Communication, Communication setting; Theories and Models: Linear Model, Interaction Model etc. Writing and Communication Methods: Writing, other Aspects of the Writing Process, Corporate, Communications, Commercial Communication Method, Process of Meetings, Conferences, Seminars, Symposium Meeting Defined, Conduct, Procedures, Aims and Benefits/D Meetings. Written Rules Affecting Meetings, Conference and Seminar etc reading large volumes of business writing quickly and efficiently, understanding rapid speech, unfamiliar accents, and idiomatic language, negotiating project ideas and plans with your study group, writing clear analyses of case studies, researching and presenting a

Conduct, Procedures, Aims and Benefits/D Meetings. Written Rules Affecting Meetings, Conference and Seminar etc reading large volumes of business writing quickly and efficiently, understanding rapid speech, unfamiliar accents, and idiomatic language, negotiating project ideas and plans with your study group, writing clear analyses of case studies, researching and presenting a live case study, Facing Today's Communication Challenges, Writing for Business Audiences, Improving Writing Techniques, Revising and Proofreading Business Messages, Informal Reports, Proposals and Informal Reports, The Job Search, Resumes, and Job Application Letters, Employment Interviewing, and Follow-up Messages, Making Oral Presentations-Mail and Memorandums , Routine Letters and Goodwill Messages ,Persuasive Messages, Negative Messages BUAD 819: Organisational Behaviour (OB) 3 credits Exposure to essential theories and concepts for analysing managerial problems, Individual and group analysis of cases and experiential exercises, Exchange of ideas and experiences in the classroom, Intensive field-based project work in groups. BUAD 822: ICT Management (ICM) 3 Credits Introduction to Computers: Classification and components of computer system. Introduction to High level and low level languages. Problem Analysis, flow charting and algorithm. Software: system s/w, application s/w. Basic concepts of operating systems Tally: Basics, Creating Companies, Various Accounts & Transactions, Ledgers, Balance Sheet, Ratio Analysis Introduction to WWW, Internet and intranet, ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 52 difference between Internet and intranet, sending and reading e- mails, fax. Practical on Internet access to: · Create E-mail address · Perform transactions · Send & receive messages · Use of search engines MS-Office 2000 Word processing: MS-Word, word basics, formatting text and documents, working with header and footer, footnotes, endnotes, tables and sorting, graphics, mail merge and macros. Spreadsheets and their uses in business, Excel basics, rearranging worksheets, excel formatting techniques, using functions, chart features and working with graphics in excel. Power Point: Basics, working with texts and graphics in

text and documents, working with header and footer, footnotes, endnotes, tables and sorting, graphics, mail merge and macros. Spreadsheets and their uses in business, Excel basics, rearranging worksheets, excel formatting techniques, using functions, chart features and working with graphics in excel. Power Point: Basics, working with texts and graphics in Power Point. Delivering information with Microsoft Mail. Uses of computers in problem solving; its application to the solution of problems at the introductory level in capital budgeting and linear programming. BUAD 823: Environment of Business 3 Credits The basic objective of the course is to examine the legal, social, political and economic framework within which business organisations must operate in the Nigerian environment. Because of the pervasive influence of globalization and the reduction of distances between nations, their value systems, language etc international business environments will be explored. Topics covered include: The concept, scope and nature of the business environment and environmental scanning, Legislations related to business. Ethical theories of business decision, social and cultural issues in business. Theoretical and practical issues of the Nigerian political economy which dictates the basis of fiscal and monetary policies, macroeconomic management, regulation and deregulation. The concept of globalisation and business practices. BUAD 824: Human Resource Management 3 Credits Topics to be covered should include the scope, nature, methods and principles of organizational human resources management. The course could provide an overview of ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 53 strategies and management practices in manpower planning techniques; Staffing; human resource training and development; performance management and systems design; Compensation designs and reward management; Career planning and employee welfare; Line and staff functions as well as the relationship between personnel department and other departments. Review of current principles and practices of human resources management in the Nigerian and global context. BUAD 826: Research Methodology

performance management and systems design; Compensation designs and reward management; Career planning and employee welfare; Line and staff functions as well as the relationship between personnel department and other departments. Review of current principles and practices of human resources management in the Nigerian and global context. BUAD 826: Research Methodology 3 Credits Introduction to Research Methodology; Research in Social Sciences; Research in Physical and Natural Sciences; Problems of Research in Developing countries; Common errors in Research; Research in Practice: (a) Problem identification; (b) Literature review; (c) Materials and Methods (Methodology) (d) Results (Data Analysis); (e) Discussions; (f) Summary, Conclusions; Recommendations; and Report Writing. BUAD 828 Marketing Management & Strategy (MMS) 3 Credit Perspectives and problems of marketing management in a mufti-product firm; the concept and application of strategic planning to business units and functional areas of marketing, utilization of current marketing strategy models as aids in strategy formulation, decision processes for product planning, pricing, promotion, distribution and competitive strategy. BUAD 832: Entrepreneurship 3 Credits Concept and objectives. Objective is to impact knowledge and skills required to start new businesses. Analysis of Personal Efficacy and Self-Awareness. Personal Characteristics of Entrepreneurs. Identification of Ideas and Venture Capital Opportunities. Sources and Availability of Resources; Finance; Technology; Manpower Appropriate Technology; Government ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 54 Regulations; National and International Regulatory and Support Environment; Marketing Plan, Policy and strategy; Accounting and keeping Accounts; Financial Statements; Feasibility studies and Project Evaluation; Students’ Business Plan. BUAD 836: Business Policy and Strategy (CS) 3 Credits Overview of corporate business policy, concept of social responsibility, building continuing, exchange flows with resources suppliers, designing an internal conversion technology, integrating and balancing the external and internal flows, central management: integrated, timely action, need for analytical framework, marketing policy: introduction, product line, customer policy, marketing mix policy, sales appeals,

Overview of corporate business policy, concept of social responsibility, building continuing, exchange flows with resources suppliers, designing an internal conversion technology, integrating and balancing the external and internal flows, central management: integrated, timely action, need for analytical framework, marketing policy: introduction, product line, customer policy, marketing mix policy, sales appeals, sales promotion, financial policy; regulating investment in fixed assets; policy restraints on current assets; profits ,distribution of earnings, financial instruments, financial structure, human resource analysis; human resource audit, analysis of organizational culture, analysis of politics, power and strategic change, production policy; introduction; vertical integration, production processes ,capacity, maintenance and replacement. Conceptual frameworks and models for the analysis of competitive situation and strategic dilemmas; Insight into strategic management; Analyses of external competitive environment, industry structure, value chain dynamics etc. BUAD 837: Quantitative Methods for Management (QMM) 3 Credits Basic elements of decision making under conditions of uncertainty, set theory; probability theory; classical statistics and statistical decision theory; Linear programming, primal and dual simplex algorithm, transportation and network Analysis Concepts of queuing theory, games, Statistical Inference and Hypothesis testing, Time series. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 55 Synopses of Banking and Finance Courses: BUAD 810: Investment and Project Analysis 3 Credits Evaluation of Securities; Efficiency and Technical Analysis, Ratio analysis, Profit planning, Definitions of Capital projects, Capital budgeting Techniques, Applications of Linear Programming in Capital project, Feasibility studies: Project Conceptualization, design, market, Technical Economic analysis. BUAD 811: Financial System and Bank Management 3 Credits Structure of Financial Statements, Analysis of bank performance, Capital Structure and Policy, Asset and liability management, Risk management, liquidity policies and management, Credit Policies and loan portfolio Management, Interest rates theories and bank solvency; Banking Regulation and regulators. BUAD 812: Analysis for Business Decisions 3 Credits Asset Pricing and Management; Financial and Capital structure theories; Cost of

performance, Capital Structure and Policy, Asset and liability management, Risk management, liquidity policies and management, Credit Policies and loan portfolio Management, Interest rates theories and bank solvency; Banking Regulation and regulators. BUAD 812: Analysis for Business Decisions 3 Credits Asset Pricing and Management; Financial and Capital structure theories; Cost of Capital, Dividend Policy; Advanced Capital Budgeting; Mergers and Acquisition; Financial Planning and Strategy; Sources of Finance; Leasing, Venture Capital; Working Capital Management; Financial Performance Measurement BUAD 827: Financial Markets and Economic Development 3 Credits Money Markets, capital markets, Foreign Exchange markets, interbank market; Financial Institutions, Banks, Investment companies. The Stock Exchange, the stock Exchange & economy, Pricing securities at the Stock Exchange; Primary & Secondary issues, Securities Analysis; Financial instruments, Bonds, Treasury bills, Commercial papers, Bankers; acceptances; Theories of Portfolio management, CAPM, APT, ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 56 Options, Portfolio performance, Nigerian capital Market in a global economy. BUAD 829: Monetary Policy and Policy 3 Credits Brief history of money and banking; Different types of Monetary standards in the development of banking, Theories of banking, capital, capital adequacy, base money, theories of money; Types of banks, various definitions of money supply and their determinants, banking laws and regulations. BUAD 845: Portfolio Theory and Capital Market Analysis Review of fundamental concepts of investment; types and classifications of investment, utility analysis of investment choice: the utility theory; the axiomatic basis of expected utility; risk – uncertainty and return; risk aversion and investment behaviour capital market theory: nature and functions of the capital market; the capital market theory; assumptions underlying the capital market theory; the capital asset pricing model (CAPM); the separation theorem; the arbitrage pricing theory (APT); the capital market in Nigeria, portfolio theory and capital market analysis: portfolio risk and return; selecting the “best portfolio, common stock analysis: stock

the capital market; the capital market theory; assumptions underlying the capital market theory; the capital asset pricing model (CAPM); the separation theorem; the arbitrage pricing theory (APT); the capital market in Nigeria, portfolio theory and capital market analysis: portfolio risk and return; selecting the “best portfolio, common stock analysis: stock market efficiency; efficient pricing and security screening; the efficient market hypothesis. corporate debt capacity and the strategy for financial mobility, theoretical and empirical developments in portfolio analysis and capital markets, especially in Nigerian capital markets, implementation of the Markowitz and sharp port-folio models, developments and implications of the CAPM, review and evaluation of significant literature in security analysis, financial ratios and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy, interaction of finance with other corporate functions. BUAD 847: Management of Financial Institutions The development of an understanding of the operations and management of financial institutions is essential to the ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 57 acquisition of knowledge of the institutional framework for financing economic activities and to analyse the effects of changes in the commercial banking environment on corporate financing decisions both of which are fundamental elements of banking, finance and risk management. The central concerns are the issues relevant to the management of commercial banks and other financial institutions and how do changes and innovations in the banking environment impact upon the structure of financial institutions and the manner in which policy formulation and implementation takes place within and between such organisations This subject through an analysis of the application of modern banking and finance theory to the process of the management of financial institutions adopts a strategic approach to areas of financial management, valuation, performance and cost analysis, innovations and technology, asset-liability management and strategic planning. An understanding of the application of modern banking and finance theory to the

of modern banking and finance theory to the process of the management of financial institutions adopts a strategic approach to areas of financial management, valuation, performance and cost analysis, innovations and technology, asset-liability management and strategic planning. An understanding of the application of modern banking and finance theory to the process of management of commercial banking organisations is fundamental to the development of a strategic approach to banking operations management and hence central to any study of banking, finance and risk management. Synopses of Human Resource Management Courses: BUAD 813: Organisational Conflict and Industrial Relations 3 Credits Theories of industrial relations and the industrial relations system. Trade unionism and employers’ associations. Labour- management relations at the organisational and industry level. The role of government in industrial relations. Strikes and trade dispute settlement procedures and collective bargaining in the public and private sectors of the Nigerian economy. The Nigerian Labour Law. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 58 BUAD 814: Personnel Performance, Evaluation and Management 3 Credits Elements of manpower planning and internal labour markets; validation procedures for determining the potential job effectiveness and individuals, description and validity of selection instruments such as tests, interviews and biographical data, measuring performance, turnover and absenteeism and the process of performance appraisal. BUAD 816: Theory and Administration of Compensation 3 Credits Examination of the determinants of wage levels, wage structures and individual wages; analysis of the impact of wages on work attitude and performance in organizations. BUAD 831: Organizational Design 3 Credits This course takes an in-depth study of organisational processes and structures. The following are the primary objectives: (a) To develop an understanding of theories or approaches to the design of organizations where design is defined primarily in terms of structure and requisite processes of coordination and information processing; (b) To develop a

takes an in-depth study of organisational processes and structures. The following are the primary objectives: (a) To develop an understanding of theories or approaches to the design of organizations where design is defined primarily in terms of structure and requisite processes of coordination and information processing; (b) To develop a sensitivity to and awareness of the “realities” of organizations; (c) To understand how organizational planning and design decisions are interdependent and critical to the successful implementation of strategic and short-term aims of the organization. BUAD 841: Advanced Organizational Behaviour 3 Credits This course provides up-to-date information on the behaviour of individuals and groups in any organization. Topics covered include individuals and group behaviour, motivation, organisation theory, work design and control. Other topics include leadership style, group decision-making, organizational socialization, power and influence, group dynamics, communication and conflict management. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 59 BUAD 843: Managerial Problem Solving 3 Credits The practical study of managerial work; Examines communication skills and offers the opportunity for assessment and feedback. Organizational context, team building and case work. Synopses of Marketing Courses BUAD 815: Marketing Thought and Philosophy 3 Credits This course interfaces classic marketing literature with contemporary marketing issues and thought as expressed by economists, marketers, educators, consumers and consumer advocates. The course examines and evaluates the historical views of marketing its domain and roles in the development process against contemporary views as well as practical marketing problems of developing countries. Factors militating against the development of efficient and effective marketing systems are developing countries and possible solutions. BUAD 818: Product Development and Pricing 3 Credits Issues involved in the development and introduction of new products and the management of existing products; positioning, screening; concept testing and development of new products; simulations; pre-test market models; product rollout; diffusion of innovations; product

systems are developing countries and possible solutions. BUAD 818: Product Development and Pricing 3 Credits Issues involved in the development and introduction of new products and the management of existing products; positioning, screening; concept testing and development of new products; simulations; pre-test market models; product rollout; diffusion of innovations; product life cycle and branding strategies. Pricing - quality issues; dealing policies; multi-plant pricing; peak load pricing; franchising; resale price maintenance, competitive bidding; new product pricing; product line pricing and the marketing mix. BUAD 820: Consumer Behaviour (CB) 3 Credits Basic factors influencing consumer behaviour, with emphasis on managerial use of consumer decision making models; Buyers behaviour modelling from both economics and behavioural sciences; Consumer information processing, stochastic brand device models; Risk taking and market segmentation. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 60 BUAD 833: Advertising Management (AM) 3 Credits Models of how advertising affects sales from the viewpoint of both economics and the behavioural sciences; how these models can be used by the advertising manager to make decisions regarding advertising budgets, copy design and medial selection. BUAD 838: Industrial Marketing (IM) 3 Credits Marketing problems unique to the industrial marketing; Management of the sales force and optimal allocation across product lines, customers and sales territories; industrial consumer; pricing advertising in an industrial setting. BUAD 853: Marketing Research (MR) 3 Credits The role of marketing information in decision making; cost and value of gathering information; design of measuring instruments; a type of marketing research problems; data analysis of both a univariate and multivariate nature (hypothesis testing, cross classifications, regression analysis BUAD 857: International Marketing (IM) Students explore international strategies, special goals, decision – making process across several countries and selection of entry strategies for foreign markets. Comparative marketing arrangements are examined. Covers factors, which need to be recognized by international marketing

and multivariate nature (hypothesis testing, cross classifications, regression analysis BUAD 857: International Marketing (IM) Students explore international strategies, special goals, decision – making process across several countries and selection of entry strategies for foreign markets. Comparative marketing arrangements are examined. Covers factors, which need to be recognized by international marketing managers in analysing markets covering foreign operations, and in assessing economic, cultural and political aspects of international markets. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 61 Appendix 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES TABLE OF CONTENT Title Page Copyright Page Contents Definitions 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Preamble 1.2 DLC Law and Statute 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 2.0 Preparation for Examinations 3.0 Examination Venues 4.0. Administering Examinations 5.0 Appointment of External/Internal Moderators/Examiners 6.0 General Examination Regulations, 7.0 Consequences for Failing to Write Examinations 8.0 Academic Monitoring/Quality Assurance 9.0 Research Work and Project, Dissertation and Thesis Management 10.0 Duties of Invigilators 11.0 Examination Malpractice 12.0 Sanctions 12.1 Offence by Students 12.2 Offences Involving Staff 13.0 Management of Examination Results ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 62 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. 1.2 DLC Law and Statute The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March

the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. 1.2 DLC Law and Statute The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 1. The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations shall be supervised examinations as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 63 Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 Nigerian Students Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 International Students Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of

accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 International Students Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 64 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid

identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. 4.0. ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three (3) semester in every session. 4. Examination timelines: ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 65 a. All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e-tutors within four weeks of the semester. b. All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c. All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d. A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a

permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 66 examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had

to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour after the examination has started shall not be allowed to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 67 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks,

4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 68 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results,

candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 69 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESIS MANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the

be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 70 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an

investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 Offence by Students (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: i) Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination ii) Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 71 iii) Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. iv) Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. v) Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. vi) Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. vii) Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. viii) Willful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. ix) Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. x) Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session i) Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) ii) Introduction

of grades from the examiner or examination officer. x) Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session i) Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) ii) Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. iii) Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) iv) If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. v) Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. vi) Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations vii) Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 72 (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. 11.2 Offences Involving Staff 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. 2. Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text

e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. 5. Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Scripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria. STUDENT HANDBOOK Master in International Affairs and Diplomacy (MIAD) ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) ii © 2023 Distance Learning Centre, ABU Zaria, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the Director, Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. First published 2018 Published and Printed by Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tel: 08065949711 abupress@abu.edu.ng info@abupress.com.ng Website: www.abupress.com.ng ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) iii FOREWORD Whereas the Distance Learning Centre Prospectus covers all aspects of the Distance Learning delivery in Ahmadu Bello University, the DLC Master in International Affairs and Diplomacy (MIAD) Student Handbook is designed to give you an overview of the MIAD by Distance Learning in the Ahmadu Bello University. A Handbook of this nature is a must read for you. It provides useful information on the nature, orientation and scope of the MIAD programme as well as highlights the uniqueness of this delivery modality. As you opt for the distance learning mode to acquire a Master in International Affairs and Diplomacy, we shall strive to make your learning experience a memorable one. I urge you to commit, discipline and submit yourself to the demand of distance education. This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim

distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) iv CONTENTS Copyright page ii Foreword iii Contents iv PART 1: General Information 1 1.1 Principal Officers of the University 3 1.2 Visitor, Principal Officers, Deans and Directors 4 1.3 DLC Principal Officers 1.4 Historical Perspective 7 1.5 Zaria 9 1.6 Philosophy and Objectives of the University 10 1.7 University Administration 11 1.8 Faculties, Institutes, Centres and Schools 12 1.9 Academic Programmes PART 2 Distance Learning Centre 14 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 E-Learning 2.3 Distance Learning Centre 16 2.4 Administration 18 2.5 Distance Learning Centre Academic Calendar 18 2.6 Programmes for Distance Learning Delivery 20 2.7 Deployment of Distance Learning Programmes 21 2.8 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery 22 2.9 ICT Infrastructure 24 2.10 Studying as a Distance Learner 25 2.11 Waiver and Deferment Guidelines 35 PART 3 Masters in International Affairs and Diplomacy (MIAD) 41 3.1 Overview 42 3.2 Objectives of Programme 42 3.3 Admission Requirements 43 ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) v 3.4 Registration 43 3.5 Matriculation 44 3.6 Complaints and Counselling 44 3.7 Course Structure and Requirements for Graduation 44 3.8 Examination Results 53 3.9 Classification of Degree 54 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 55 1.0 Introduction 55 1.1 Preamble 55 1.2 DLC Law and Statute 55 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 55 2.0 Examination Venues 55 2.1 Nigerian Students 56 2.2 International Students 56 3.0 Preparation for Examinations 56 4.0 Administering Examinations 57 5.0 Appointment of External/Internal Moderators/ Examiners 59 6.0 General

55 1.0 Introduction 55 1.1 Preamble 55 1.2 DLC Law and Statute 55 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 55 2.0 Examination Venues 55 2.1 Nigerian Students 56 2.2 International Students 56 3.0 Preparation for Examinations 56 4.0 Administering Examinations 57 5.0 Appointment of External/Internal Moderators/ Examiners 59 6.0 General Examination Regulations 59 7.0 Consequences for Failing to Write Examinations 61 8.0 Academic Monitoring/Quality Assurance 61 9.0 Research Work and Project, Dissertation and Thesis Management 62 10.0 Duties of Invigilators 62 11.0 Examination Malpractice 63 12.0 Sanctions 63 12.1 Offence by Students 63 11.2 Offences Involving Staff 65 13.0 Management of Examination Results 65 ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 1 PART I GENERAL INFORMATION ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 2 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 3 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Malam Adamu Fika, CFR Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Danladi A. Ameh Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 4 1.2 VISITOR, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEANS AND DIRECTORS Visitor: Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vice- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal.

Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vice- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 5 Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar Farouq Yaya Director, Directorate of University Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr.

Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 6 Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law: Dr. Salim Bashir Magashi Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof.

M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 7 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded in Samaru, Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand

was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 8 technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institution has since inception been under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (1975-1978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (1986-1991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991-1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004-2009), Professor Abdullahi Mustapha (2009-2015), Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Professor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a

largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental re- organisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 9 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for

Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 10 Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 11 “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by

in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in- Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 12 The University Senate building 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 13 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration

Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 13 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 14 PART II DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 15 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular

by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 16 income by means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible

16 income by means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 17 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and e-Learning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is

the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 18 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In

the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 19 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferments ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 20 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. International Studies, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH),

Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 21 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 22 Oath viz “I solemnly

will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 22 Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of relevant Discussion questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 23 iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. iv. Project

questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 23 iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 24 x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student-student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common room. The Liaison Offices shall be administered by an Administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of

administered by an Administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 25 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will be working through specially prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills that would assist you in studying independently. A. Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening

Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 26 most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to read between the lines and beyond the lines; 5. You must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot

must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 27 well by imitating good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are reading. Therefore, you need the skill of note taking and note making. When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; 3. be consistent in note taking; 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study,

When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; 3. be consistent in note taking; 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will make study more appropriate and effective such as: ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 28 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while you are studying because notes may not be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1.

order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 29 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing, drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. i. Start early To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact your first day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work.

fact your first day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 30 iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand-outs or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials to learn for examinations. v. Revise Revise for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan

question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 31 textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You are learning the facts for the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3.

materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 32 Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new

present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 33 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well- focused conclusion. 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But

repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 34 under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are

2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. i. Read and fully understand the examination regulations ii.. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 35 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for

for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment Application is abudlc.edu.ng. 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 36 B. Examination deferment: application must be made at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account:

rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 37 - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester – whichever is more convenient for you. - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You

Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 38 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or

of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e- tutors shall be made available to you. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 39 - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve

your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 40 conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this

shall also be made at these Centres. 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 41 PART III Master in International Affairs and Diplomacy (MIAD) ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 42 3.1 OVERVIEW The Masters in International Affairs and Diplomacy - MIAD (With Specialisation) programme presents a unique opportunity for both students and professionals who are interested in both developing essential knowledge for understanding international affairs, and to strengthen their capacities in the art of diplomacy. Candidates who choose to pursue the Master in International Affairs and Diplomacy may seek to: a) Complement and enhance their knowledge and skills in the area of international relations. b) Improve their performance, through the acquisition cutting- edge insights in international affairs and diplomatic practice. c) Qualify for consideration into higher academic programme in related fields. MIAD is aimed at diplomats as well as staff working within the international and regional organisations, as well as governmental and non-governmental institutions. Additionally, this master’s degree is open to graduate students, researcher and other academics, journalists interested in gaining a thorough understanding of diplomacy and international relations and acquiring soft skills to thrive in their carriers. The degree is awarded in four (4) areas of specialisations namely: International Affairs; Diplomacy; International Development; and Security and Defence Studies. 3.2 OBJECTIVES OF PROGRAMME In general terms, the objective of the programme is to provide skill acquisition for both staff and students, training in basic research and manpower

carriers. The degree is awarded in four (4) areas of specialisations namely: International Affairs; Diplomacy; International Development; and Security and Defence Studies. 3.2 OBJECTIVES OF PROGRAMME In general terms, the objective of the programme is to provide skill acquisition for both staff and students, training in basic research and manpower development for the country and international community, irrespective of gender, race, location and in flexible manner. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 43 At the end of the Master’s Degree, candidates will be able to:  Develop a critical understanding of key issues and concepts in world affair  Demonstrate a comprehensive, substantive and practical knowledge of international affairs and diplomacy  Develop analytical skills and critical thinking  Improve research skills The Master in International Affairs and Diplomacy is a NUC- Accredited Master’s Degree (awarded according to the rules and regulations set by the NUC education system). 3.3 ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS State clearly the admission requirements for the proposed programme. It must meet the general minimum admission requirement for Masters programmes.  All university graduates with a minimum of Second Class Lower Degree (2.2) are qualified for this programme, in addition with;  NYSC Discharge or Certificate of Exemption/Exclusion  Senior Secondary Certificate (SSCE), General Certificate in Education (GCE) Ordinary Level, National Examination Council (NECO). Credit passes in at least five subjects, two of which MUST be in English language and Mathematics obtained in not more than two sittings. Make sure you meet all the requirements. 3.4 REGISTRATION Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign candidates are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy (visit: www.abudlc-edu.ng). ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 44 3.5

processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign candidates are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy (visit: www.abudlc-edu.ng). ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 44 3.5 MATRICULATION All candidates entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 3.6 COMPLAINTS AND COUNSELLING In event of complaints, inquiry, or counselling, there is robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice: - Help desk service available at the centre. - Telephone and e-mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e-mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e- tutors shall be made available to you. 3.7 COURSE STRUCTURE AND REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATION To receive the Master’s degree in International Affairs and Diplomacy, students must complete the following courses. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 45 3.7.1 Course Structure: LIST OF COURSES FOR MIAD PROGRAMME WITH THE VARIOUS SPECIALISATIONS GENERAL COURSES S/NO COURSE CODE CREDIT UNITS COURSE TITLE 1 MIAD 801 3 Method and

To receive the Master’s degree in International Affairs and Diplomacy, students must complete the following courses. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 45 3.7.1 Course Structure: LIST OF COURSES FOR MIAD PROGRAMME WITH THE VARIOUS SPECIALISATIONS GENERAL COURSES S/NO COURSE CODE CREDIT UNITS COURSE TITLE 1 MIAD 801 3 Method and Logic of Political Inquiry 2 MIAD 803 3 Foreign Policy Analysis 3 MIAD 805 3 Area Studies 4 MIAD 807 3 Issues in Contemporary World Politics 5 MIAD 809 3 International Economic Relations SPECIALISATION- A (INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS) 6 MIAD 802 3 International Politic: Theories and Practice 7 MIAD 804 3 Human Rights, Democracy, and International Politics 8 MIAD 806 3 International Organisations and World Peace Initiatives 9 MIAD 808 3 Comparative Foreign Policy (Nigeria, India, USA, Russia, and China) 3 One Elective Course from any Other Specialisations MIAD 891 3 Research Project SPECIALISATION- B (DIPLOMACY) 10 MIAD 810 3 Diplomacy: History, Theory, and Practice 11 MIAD 812 3 Conflict and Cooperation in the International System 12 MIAD 814 3 International Law and the Art of Negotiation 13 MIAD 816 3 Human Right and Security 3 One Elective Course from Other ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 46 any Specialisations MIAD 891 3 Research Project SPECIALISATION- C (INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT) 14 MIAD 818 3 Theories of International Development 15 MIAD 820 3 The Politics of Financial Institutions 16 MIAD 822 3 Contemporary Issues in Sustainable Development 17 MIAD 824 3 The Origins, Evolution, and Structure of World Trade 3 One Elective Course from any Other Specialisations MIAD 891 3 Research Project SPECIALISATION- D (DEFENCE AND SECURITY STUDIES) 18 MIAD 826 3 Theories of Peace, Conflict and Global Security 19 MIAD 828 3 Foundations of Defence and Security Studies 20 MIAD 830 3 International Organisations and Global Security 21 MIAD 832 3 Civil-Military Relations

any Other Specialisations MIAD 891 3 Research Project SPECIALISATION- D (DEFENCE AND SECURITY STUDIES) 18 MIAD 826 3 Theories of Peace, Conflict and Global Security 19 MIAD 828 3 Foundations of Defence and Security Studies 20 MIAD 830 3 International Organisations and Global Security 21 MIAD 832 3 Civil-Military Relations 3 One Elective Course from Other Specialisations MIAD 891 3 Research Project  General courses are compulsory for all candidates irrespective of your chosen specialisation.  Candidates are to pick a specialisation and one elective course from a specialisation other than their main specialisation.  Each specialisation comprises four taught courses, assessed by semester-end examinations, plus the completion of a substantial research project. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 47  Odd code numbers are for first semester courses for all MIAD candidates, while even numbers are second semester courses for specific specialisation. 3.7.2 Course Description GENERAL COURSES The courses under this classification are compulsory for all candidates irrespective of your chosen specialisation. Therefore, all candidates are advised to register for these courses. Courses and their Descriptions: MIAD 801: Methods and Logic of Political Inquiry - This course provides students with the basic tools to develop in- depth research skills. MIAD 803: Foreign Policy Analysis - This course examines the foundation of the discipline of Foreign Policy Analysis and the role of various actors and processes that make up Foreign Policy Analysis. MIAD 805: Area Studies (Middle East) - The course focus and position candidates more in-depth in flash point strategic areas that galvanise or pivot the international politics. The course will expose the candidates to the intricate socio-political, cultural and religious terrain of the Middle East area from a historical and theoretical point of view with an effort to synergise the issues and events in the Middle East to that

areas that galvanise or pivot the international politics. The course will expose the candidates to the intricate socio-political, cultural and religious terrain of the Middle East area from a historical and theoretical point of view with an effort to synergise the issues and events in the Middle East to that of global politics. MIAD 807: Contemporary Issues in World Politics - The course seeks to build upon some knowledge and an existing interest, not only by providing relevant information and a context for making sense of particular issues, but also by explicitly addressing the question of what these issues collectively tell us about the nature of world politics. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 48 MIAD 809: International Political Economy - This course focuses on a wide spectrum of issues such as global trade, production and global finance based on empirical and critical analysis. SPECIALISATION- A - INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS This specialisation explores the issues and problems crucial to international politics, which are of international, regional and national importance. It promotes the study of those problems through theoretical, ethical and practical inquiry. It is designed for students who are either familiar with the study of international politics at the undergraduate level or who are enthusiastic to focus their studies on this area at the postgraduate level. This group includes members of the academic staff, postgraduate research students, independent researchers with governmental and non-governmental organisations, as well as regional and international organisations. The core aim is to prepare you to conduct independent research and analyses of international politics that unravel concrete puzzles, problems and dilemmas. Courses and their Descriptions: MIAD 802: International Politic: Theories and Practice - This course is an academic field of international politics and it strives towards making you understand the three main goals; the interests and motives at play

and analyses of international politics that unravel concrete puzzles, problems and dilemmas. Courses and their Descriptions: MIAD 802: International Politic: Theories and Practice - This course is an academic field of international politics and it strives towards making you understand the three main goals; the interests and motives at play in the practical field of international politics; to explain the theories that aid the understanding of the interests and motives; and, if possible, with the insights provided by the theories, predict the course of events in the practical field of international politics. MIAD 804: Human Rights, Democracy, and International Politics - The course explores the concept of human rights as central issue in both domestic and international politics. The candidate is expose to the need for respect of fundamental human rights which has not only become a critical element of ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 49 democratisation but has also been a major subject in international politics. MIAD 806: International Organisations and World Peace Initiatives – The course examines the efforts of international organisations at ensuring world peace and security. The course explores conceptual and theoretical matters, and a look at international organisations and their efforts at keeping world peace and security. MIAD 808: Comparative Foreign Policy - This course is designed to make you understand and appreciate the dynamics of foreign policy analysis and the nature and character of foreign policy environment in comparative perspective. SPECIALISATION- B - DIPLOMACY This Master’s degree programme focuses on the application of theoretical knowledge to real world diplomatic practice, rather than on the advancement of academic knowledge for the sake of it. The degree programme was designed to train government staff already working in the field, but it is certainly suitable to prepare other professionals and outstanding students for careers with government bodies,

knowledge to real world diplomatic practice, rather than on the advancement of academic knowledge for the sake of it. The degree programme was designed to train government staff already working in the field, but it is certainly suitable to prepare other professionals and outstanding students for careers with government bodies, NGOs, multinational corporations and international organisations. Courses and their Descriptions: MIAD 810: Diplomacy: Theory and Practice - The course helps candidates understand the theory and practice of diplomacy and discuss the contemporary challenges. MIAD 812: Conflict and Cooperation in International System - This course will focus on both practical and theoretical issues – historical overviews of conflicts, the functioning of international institutions as well as theories and moral arguments pertaining to the recurrence of conflict in the ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 50 international system and possible solution that create cooperation. MIAD 814: International Law and the Art of Negotiation - The course focuses on the specific nature of international law, as well as the historical, and political context in which it has developed. This course aims to give students understanding of international law and practical skills to enhance individual and collective negotiation capacity. MIAD 816: Human Rights and Security - This course is designed to guide you to critically explore some fundamental aspects of the concept of human rights and security, as well as the relationship between both concepts. SPECIALISATION – C – INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT This programme offers a coherent and interdisciplinary grounding in the core aspects in development theory, policy and practice. International development engages you with the challenges of addressing global political economy; governance and management; poverty and inequality; and the environment. The programme is designed for graduates and those working in a wide range of development organisations both internationally and within developing countries. It aims to

theory, policy and practice. International development engages you with the challenges of addressing global political economy; governance and management; poverty and inequality; and the environment. The programme is designed for graduates and those working in a wide range of development organisations both internationally and within developing countries. It aims to blend theory and practice and seek to explain policy behaviour through an integrated approach, drawing on a range of disciplinary perspective. Courses and their Descriptions: MIAD 818: Theories of International Development - In this course, we seek to acquaint you (student) with the relevant theories that aid your understanding of the evolution (i.e. processes, structure, dynamics and implications of the contemporary world development order). We will appraise the ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 51 processes, dimensions and levels of global economic development. MIAD 820: Politics of International Financial Institutions - The course explores the role of the international financial institutions and acquaints you with the nature and scope of financial institutions. The course will form or connect and examine the nexus between politics and international financial bearings on poverty, destitution and conflicts in leadership, governance and management of underdeveloped regions. MIAD 822: Contemporary Issues in Sustainable Development - This course introduces you to key concepts and selective issues of sustainable development. Sustainable development, that is promoting inclusive and environmentally sound growth to improve people’s lives and protect the planet over the long- term, would require concerted effort by the international community to effectively address complex interdisciplinary issues by engaging in data-driven decision-making processes and practices. MIAD 824: The Origins, Evolution, and Structure of World Trade - The course identifies and examines the factors and forces that have shaped the nature, development and structure of World Trade. In doing so, it shall assess the political and strategic implications that the trade

data-driven decision-making processes and practices. MIAD 824: The Origins, Evolution, and Structure of World Trade - The course identifies and examines the factors and forces that have shaped the nature, development and structure of World Trade. In doing so, it shall assess the political and strategic implications that the trade relations between actors have for contemporary international system which has evolved over the centuries. SPECIALISATION – D – DEFENCE AND SECURITY STUDIES This specialisation is designed as a programme to the field of se curity and defence studies, this specialisation has three main aims: first, to provide an overview of the major theories, concepts, and debates in security and defe nce studies; second, a synopsis of the main security events of th ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 52 e 20th century; and third, to provide an introduction to the securi ty challenges of the coming century. The course will tackle questions such as: What is “security” and how should we study it? How have security problems changed over time? What are the causesof war and peace? When should states employ force? And what are the prospects for national an d international security in the 21st century? Courses and their Descriptions: MIAD 826: Theories of Peace, Conflict and Global Security – This is a thematic course of the security studies. Major Theories & Core Concepts of Conflicts and Global Security and their practical application to historical and contemporary policy issues form the basis for this course. MIAD 828: Foundation of Defence and Security Studies – Foundation of defence and security studies is a course that is specifically designed towards enhancing students understanding of among others; the dynamics and complexity of contemporary security environment, the centrality or otherwise of nation-state in the security architecture and the increasing involvement of non-state actors in

and Security Studies – Foundation of defence and security studies is a course that is specifically designed towards enhancing students understanding of among others; the dynamics and complexity of contemporary security environment, the centrality or otherwise of nation-state in the security architecture and the increasing involvement of non-state actors in global security and defence, the theories and approaches for the understanding of contemporary defence and security studies, global security threats such as (terrorism, climate change, cyber security, transnational crimes, etc.), security in a nuclear world, the use of force in international relations. MIAD 830: International Organisation and Global Security - The course explores the role of international organisations within the context of global security. Thus, the course will bridge the gap between theory and practice of global security, as well as the mechanisms and dynamics of international organisations. MIAD 832: Civil-Military Relations - The course exposes the candidates to some topics and issues related to interdependence ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 53 of civil and military type, the military in the foundation of state, impact of social structures upon military organisational procedures and behaviours, the problem of civilian control of the military, the role of armed forces in revolution etc. 3.7.3 Requirements for Graduation To be awarded a MIAD degree, candidates must complete the following: i) All candidates to be admitted into the Masters in International Affairs and diplomacy (MIAD) must possess five (5) O’level credits. ii) Minimum number of Earned Credit Hours for graduation: 33 Credit Unit. iii) Minimum No. of years for graduation: Two (2) Semesters. iv) Minimum residency requirement in years, if any: 2 Years v) Minimum Mark for graduation: 50% (C) in all courses. vi) Minimum CGPA for graduation: 3.00 3.8 EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to candidates after its approval

No. of years for graduation: Two (2) Semesters. iv) Minimum residency requirement in years, if any: 2 Years v) Minimum Mark for graduation: 50% (C) in all courses. vi) Minimum CGPA for graduation: 3.00 3.8 EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to candidates after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Candidates shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Candidates are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. 5. Candidates can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 54 3.9 CLASSIFICATION OF DEGREE MIAD degrees awarded to successful candidates in the final examination are classified as: A= 70 -100 B= 60 - 69 C= 50 - 59 F= 0 - 49 ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 55 APPENDIX 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PREAMBLE The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. 1.2 DLC LAW AND STATUTE The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU

consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. 1.2 DLC LAW AND STATUTE The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR DLC EXAMINATION POLICY 1. The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 56 shall be supervised examinations as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 NIGERIAN STUDENTS Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria

examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 NIGERIAN STUDENTS Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 57 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement

commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. 4.0 ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 58 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three (3) semester in every session. 4. Examination timelines: a. All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e- tutors within four weeks of the semester. b. All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c. All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d. A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for

questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 59 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre

for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour after the examination has started shall not be allowed to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 60 cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book

during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 61 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been

the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 62 semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESIS MANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues

the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 63 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA)

DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 Offence by Students (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: 1. Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 64 2. Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. 3. Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. 4. Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. 5. Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. 6. Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. 7. Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. 8. Willful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. 9. Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. 10. Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session 1.

arrest for committing examination malpractice. 9. Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. 10. Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session 1. Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) 2. Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. 3. Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) 4. If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. 5. Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. 6. Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIAD) 65 7. Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning 1. Speaking/Conversation during examinations. 2. Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. 11.2 OFFENCES INVOLVING STAFF 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. 2. Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Students shall be able

to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. 5. Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Sripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria STUDENT HANDBOOK Master in Information Management (MIM) ii ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) © 2023 Distance Learning Centre, ABU Zaria, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the Director, Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. First published 2018 Published and Printed by Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tel: 08065949711 abupress@abu.edu.ng info@abupress.com.ng Website: www.abupress.com.ng iii ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) FOREWORD Whereas the Distance Learning Centre Prospectus covers all aspects of the Distance Learning delivery in Ahmadu Bello University, the DLC Master in Information Management (MIM) Student Handbook is designed to give you an overview of the MIM by Distance Learning in the Ahmadu Bello University. A Handbook of this nature is a must read for you. It provides useful information on the nature, orientation and scope of the MIM programme as well as highlights the uniqueness of this delivery modality. As you opt for the distance learning mode to acquire a Master in Information Management, we shall strive to make your learning experience a memorable one. I urge you to commit, discipline and submit yourself to the demand of distance education. This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre iv

as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre iv ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) CONTENTS Copyright page ii Foreword iii Contents iv PART 1: General Information 1 1.1 Principal Officers of the University 3 1.2 Visitor, Principal Officers, Deans and Directors 4 1.3 DLC Principal Officers 7 1.4 Historical Perspective 7 1.5 University Administration 7 1.6 Faculties, Institutes, Centres and Schools 12 PART 2 Distance Learning Centre 14 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Distance Learning Academic Calendar 15 2.3 Deployment of Distance Learning Programmes 21 2.4 Studying as a Distance Learner 25 2.5 Waiver and Deferment Guidelines 35 PART 3 Master in Information Management (MIM) 41 3.1 Objectives 42 3.2 Admission Requirements 43 3.3 Specific Admission Requirements for MIM 44 3.4 Duration of MIM programme 44 3.5 Graduation Requirements 44 3.6 Course Structure for MIM 45 3.7 Synopses of Courses 46 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 54 1.0 Introduction 54 1.1 Preamble 54 1.2 DLC Law and Statute 54 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 54 v ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) 2.0 Examination Venues 55 2.1 Nigerian Students 55 2.2 International Students 55 3.0 Preparation for Examinations 56 4.0 Administering Examinations 56 5.0 Appointment of External/Internal Moderators/ Examiners 58 6.0 General Examination Regulations 59 7.0 Consequences for Failing to Write Examinations 60 8.0 Academic Monitoring/Quality Assurance 61 9.0 Research Work and Project, Dissertation and Thesis Management 61 10.0 Duties of Invigilators 61 11.0 Examination Malpractice 62 12.0 Sanctions 63 12.1 Offence by Students 63 11.2 Offences Involving Staff 64 13.0 Management of Examination Results 65 vi ABU

Failing to Write Examinations 60 8.0 Academic Monitoring/Quality Assurance 61 9.0 Research Work and Project, Dissertation and Thesis Management 61 10.0 Duties of Invigilators 61 11.0 Examination Malpractice 62 12.0 Sanctions 63 12.1 Offence by Students 63 11.2 Offences Involving Staff 64 13.0 Management of Examination Results 65 vi ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) 1 PART I GENERAL INFORMATION ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) 2 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) 3 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Malam Adamu Fika, CFR Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Danladi A. Ameh Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) 4 1.2 VISITOR, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEANS AND DIRECTORS Visitor: Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vice- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu

Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) 5 Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar Farouq Yaya Director, Directorate of University Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief

Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) 6 Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law: Dr. Salim Bashir Magashi Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) 7 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi

Junaidu Kabir ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) 7 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded in Samaru, Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date ABU

enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) 8 technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institutionhas since inception been under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (1975-1978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (1986-1991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991-1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004-2009), Professor Abdullahi Mustapha (2009-2015), Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Prof.essor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental re- organisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an

of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental re- organisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) 9 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru

Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) 10 Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) 11 “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in- Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer

Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in- Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) 12 The University Senate building 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) 13 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical

Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) 14 PART II DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) 15 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000

based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) 16 income by means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but

the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) 17 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and e-Learning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in

used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre ABU DLC Student Handbook (MIM) 18 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities

of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. ABU Distance Learning B.Sc. Public Administration Student Handbook 19 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferments ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 20 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. International Studies, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. ABU Distance Learning

Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 21 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 22 The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected

Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of relevant Discussion questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 23 students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i.

shall be provided for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 24 viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student-student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common room. The Liaison Offices shall be administered by an Administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation,

the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 25 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will be working through specially prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills that would assist you in studying independently. A. Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message,

3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 26 ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to read between the lines and beyond the lines; 5. You must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read

read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 27 Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write well by imitating good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are reading. Therefore, you need the skill of note taking and note making. When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; 3. be consistent in note taking; 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of any kind and be highly motivated

Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 28 iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will make study more appropriate and effective such as: 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while you are studying because notes may not be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 29 What to

that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 29 What to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing, drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. i. Start early To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact your first day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 30 till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. iii. Read

for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 30 till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand-outs or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials to learn for examinations. v. Revise Revise for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 31 D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will

work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 31 D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You are learning the facts for the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form

fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 32 where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it

logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 33 Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well- focused conclusion. 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 34 F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations You

well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 34 F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. ABU

require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 35 Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. 1. Read and fully understand the examination regulations 2.. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and

waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 36 *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment Application is abudlc.edu.ng. 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be made at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session. 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 37 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or

Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester – whichever is more convenient for you. - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 38 - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On

- You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 39 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets

seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e- tutors shall be made available to you. - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 40 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader

and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 41 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an

PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 42 PART III Masters in Information Management (MIM) ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 43 3.1 OBJECTIVES The restructured MIM programme is designed to achieve the main objective of equipping suitably qualified persons to make substantial contributions to knowledge and development in the field of information management, irrespective of gender, race, location and in flexible manner. Specifically, the programme aims at:  Providing students with knowledge and skills to enhance their performance and to enable them to assume broader responsibility in the rapidly changing environment faced by private and the public sectors.  The provision of knowledge required for understanding, and practical analysis of, problems related to information management/and administration of public, private and international organizations.  Producing managers who are capable of applying appropriate information management principles and techniques of problem solving in the Nigerian environment and the world at large.  To produce socially responsible information managers who are mindful of accepted norms and ethics.  To produce information managers who are equipped with relevant ICT knowledge and skills. 3.2 ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS: State clearly the admission requirements for the proposed programme. It must meet the general minimum admission requirement for Masters programmes.  Bachelor degree with minimum of 2.2 from an accredited university in Library and Information Science, Mass Communication, Business Administration, Accounting, Computer Sciences, Economics, Sociology, Political ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 44 Sciences and Postgraduate Diploma in Information Management.  NYSC Discharge or Certificate of Exemption/Exclusion  Senior

programmes.  Bachelor degree with minimum of 2.2 from an accredited university in Library and Information Science, Mass Communication, Business Administration, Accounting, Computer Sciences, Economics, Sociology, Political ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 44 Sciences and Postgraduate Diploma in Information Management.  NYSC Discharge or Certificate of Exemption/Exclusion  Senior Secondary Certificate (SSCE), General Certificate in Education (GCE) Ordinary Level, National Examination Council (NECO), or National Board for Technical Education (NABTEB). Credit passes in at least five subjects, two of which MUST be in English language and Mathematics obtained in not more than two sittings. 3.3 SPECIFIC ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR MIM 1) Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences or Management or any related field such as Marketing, Banking & Finance, Insurance and or Actuarial Science with at least a Second Class Lower or 2.40 Cumulative Grade Point Average from Ahmadu Bello University or any other recognized University OR 2) Postgraduate Diploma in Information Management (PGDIM) from Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) only. 3.4 DURATION OF THE MIM PROGRAMME The MIM Programme is to runs for a minimum of twelve months. 3.5 GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS S/N Status of Course Number Credits Total Credits 1 Core Courses 10 2 20 2 Elective Courses 3 2 6 3 Project 8 8 34 ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 45 Grading and Classification of Degree Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) Class of Degree 4.50 – 5.00 2.40 – 4.49 Below 2.40 Distinction Pass Fail 3.6 COURSE STRUCTURE FOR MIM S/N Course FIRST SEMESTER COURSES Core Courses 1 LIBS 887 Information Policies 2 LIBS 891 Information Service Personnel 3 LIBS 893 Research Principles and Analysis 4 LIBS 885 Information Consulting 5 LIBS 823 Project Management Elective Courses 6 LIBS 867 Database Management 7 LIBS 881 Multimedia Systems 8 LIBS 883 Online Information Industries 9 LIBS 897 Preservation Management

LIBS 887 Information Policies 2 LIBS 891 Information Service Personnel 3 LIBS 893 Research Principles and Analysis 4 LIBS 885 Information Consulting 5 LIBS 823 Project Management Elective Courses 6 LIBS 867 Database Management 7 LIBS 881 Multimedia Systems 8 LIBS 883 Online Information Industries 9 LIBS 897 Preservation Management 10 LIBS 879 Business Information Services SECOND SEMESTER COURSES Core Courses 11 LIBS 890Human Resource Management 12 LIBS 884 Knowledge Management 13 LIBS 892 Organization of Information 14 LIBS 880 Information System Design 15 LIBS 888 Legal Issues in Information Management ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 46 Elective Courses 16 LIBS 868 Corporate Information Centre 17 LIBS 882 Web System Design and Management 18 LIBS 886 Competitive Intelligence 19 LIBS 894 Information Retrieval 20 LIBS 896 Information Systems 3.7 SYNOPSES OF COURSES General Courses: LIBS 887: Information Policies 2 credits Information policy is the set of all public laws, regulations and policies that encourage, discourage, or regulate the creation, use, storage, access, and communication and dissemination of information. It thus encompasses any other decision-making practice with society-wide constitutive efforts that involve the flow of information and how it is processed. LIBS 891: Information Service Personnel 2 Credits. Information Personnel Service is a course that exposes students of personnel management to the nature, and scope of personnel management. The course defines concepts, e.g. training and development, performance appraisal, differences between salary and wages and the type of welfare expected for personnel in information centers and other organizations responsible for information management as they are available in personnel management literature. It explores how employers and organizations can relate well approaches to and finally, approaches to the management of conflicts were highlighted if conflicts arise in the course of managing the personnel. LIBS 893: Research Principles and Analysis 2 Credits This course

management as they are available in personnel management literature. It explores how employers and organizations can relate well approaches to and finally, approaches to the management of conflicts were highlighted if conflicts arise in the course of managing the personnel. LIBS 893: Research Principles and Analysis 2 Credits This course will introduce you to the basics of Research Methodology. This Course is designed to expose you to the ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 47 theory and practices of qualitative researches as applied in management research. In this course, you will learn to approach qualitative and quantitative research as an iterative process revolving around research problems and issues of interest to modern business executives as day to day decision makers. Emphasis is given to understanding and application of basic research concepts and principles as applied in business and management researches and activities. LIBS 885: Information Consulting 2 Credits Information consulting is vital to every organization. At this information age, there is no organization, whether private or public, that can be run effectively and efficiently without hiring third party service. There is evidence of the success of collaborations between clients and information consultants. One of the main benefits of building partnerships with clients is the creation of trust. When there is an environment of trust and accessibility, clients are likely to build goodwill for the organization by referring their colleagues to an information consultant. LIBS 867: Database Management 2 Credits This course provides a fundamental overview of the concepts, principles and techniques of modern database management systems and of database (data-driven) business application system development. The most important thing you would need to grasp from this module is the fact that database management systems make the logical presentation of database information to users possible. It is much more than just learning

techniques of modern database management systems and of database (data-driven) business application system development. The most important thing you would need to grasp from this module is the fact that database management systems make the logical presentation of database information to users possible. It is much more than just learning new functions, syntax, etc. Thus, database management systems require a logical way of thinking. This module has thus been designed to enhance your database management expertise. Even if you have gained previous database management experience, it ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 48 is recommended that you go through the entire module systematically to gain some insight into the course. LIBS 881: Multimedia Systems 2 Credits The course is divided into four modules and 14 study units. It is aimed at giving the students a strong background on multimedia systems and applications. It gives an overview of the role and design of multimedia systems which incorporate digital audio, graphics and video, underlying concepts and representations of sound, pictures and video, data compression and transmission. This course equally covers the principles of multimedia authoring systems, source coding techniques, image histogram and processing. LIBS 883: Online Information Industries 2 Credits An Online Information Industry is a semester coursework of two credit units. The course is basically concerned with introducing you to industries that are basically online oriented. The course describes the different types of information industries, differentiate between information age and global information economy, identify the different information sectors, list various types of Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers industries and their core services provided by these industries, etc. LIBS 879: Business Information Services 2 Credits This course is to introduce you to the basics of information and the role of information in business as it helps the business managers in decision

of Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers industries and their core services provided by these industries, etc. LIBS 879: Business Information Services 2 Credits This course is to introduce you to the basics of information and the role of information in business as it helps the business managers in decision making and other business participants in achieving their maximum targets in business. The course is about applying information to maximise your profit in business, how information in business will assist the executives in a day to day decision making in business. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 49 LIBS 890: Human Resource Management 2 Credits Topics to be covered should include the scope, nature, methods and principles of organizational human resources management. The course could provide an overview of strategies and management practices in manpower planning techniques; Staffing; human resource training and development; performance management and systems design; Compensation designs and reward management; Career planning and employee welfare; Line and staff functions as well as the relationship between personnel department and other departments. Review of current principles and practices of human resources management in the Nigerian and global context. LIBS 884: Knowledge Management 2 Credits Knowledge management (KM) is the process of creating, sharing, using and managing the knowledge and information of an organization. It refers to a multidisciplinary approach to achieve organisational objectives by making the best use of knowledge. An established discipline since 1991, KM includes courses taught in the fields of business administration, information systems, management, library, and information sciences. Other fields may contribute to KM research, including information and media, computer science, public health and public policy. Several universities offer dedicated master's degrees in knowledge management. Many large companies, public institutions and non-profit organisations have resources dedicated to internal KM efforts, often as a part of

and information sciences. Other fields may contribute to KM research, including information and media, computer science, public health and public policy. Several universities offer dedicated master's degrees in knowledge management. Many large companies, public institutions and non-profit organisations have resources dedicated to internal KM efforts, often as a part of their business strategy, IT, or human resource management departments. Several consulting companies provide advice regarding KM to these organizations. Knowledge management efforts typically focus on organisational objectives such as improved performance, competitive advantage, innovation, the sharing ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 50 of lessons learned, integration and continuous improvement of the organisation. These efforts overlap with organisational learning and may be distinguished from that by a greater focus on the management of knowledge as a strategic asset and on encouraging the sharing of knowledge. KM is an enabler of organizational learning. LIBS 892: Organization of Information 2 Credit This course information organization Provides basic understanding of the concept of information organization and information retrievals. It also explores the concept of indexing, abstracting and thesaurus as well as their roles in making information retrieval easier and finally the method through which each is being constructed. LIBS 880: Information System Design 2 Credits Systems design is the process of defining the architecture, modules, interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. Systems design could be seen as the application of systems theory to product development. There is some overlap with the disciplines of systems analysis, systems architecture and systems engineering. LIBS 868: Corporate Information Centre 2 Credits For an effective and ideal corporate Information centre that could be used by any company the Pharm-documentation Ring has defined (12) twelve building blocks for such corporate information centre and integrated into their functions these twelve blocks are interwoven into three main

engineering. LIBS 868: Corporate Information Centre 2 Credits For an effective and ideal corporate Information centre that could be used by any company the Pharm-documentation Ring has defined (12) twelve building blocks for such corporate information centre and integrated into their functions these twelve blocks are interwoven into three main subject areas: they are Information Access, Information research, Information Technology and Knowledge Management.The topical issues contained in CIC/ICT are spread to cover wide range of CIC and ICT management issues of both government and corporate organisations. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 51 LIBS 882: Web System Design and Management 2 Credits Web System Design and Management which is a two credit unit course offered in the second semester to students of Masters in Information Management programme in Communication Technology. There are fifteen study Units in this course. There are no perquisites for studying this course. It has been developed with appropriate local and foreign examples suitable for audience. LIBS 886: Competitive Intelligence 2 Credits This course material on Competitive Intelligence will introduce you to the concepts of competitive intelligence and other related concepts to include business intelligence, market intelligence, business environment, competitive benchmarking, monitoring competitors and the place of information and knowledge management in these endeavours. The course will prepare you on how to relate competitive intelligence to information resources and services provision in the 21st century. It will equip you with the necessary knowledge of how to analyse competitors like the Internet and other sources of information that users of your services might have as option to yours. LIBS 888: Legal Issues in Information Management 2 Credits This course will explore some legal concepts and problems in applying law to cyberspace in the areas such as cybercrime, cyber jurisdiction, liability for statement, intellectual property, privacy, freedom of information

users of your services might have as option to yours. LIBS 888: Legal Issues in Information Management 2 Credits This course will explore some legal concepts and problems in applying law to cyberspace in the areas such as cybercrime, cyber jurisdiction, liability for statement, intellectual property, privacy, freedom of information and press and access to information among others. You are expected to compare what you have study here with what is obtainable in other academic institutions and contact us where necessary for possible input. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 52 LIBS 894: Information Retrieval 2 Credits The course should engage you for about 15 weeks in a semester. It is designed to provide reading material for two to three hours of study. This course does not require prior skills in any area of knowledge other than the general admission requirements. The approach at this level is to help the students to appreciate the basic characteristics of information, the need for good organisation of information, and the fundamental concepts of storage and retrieval. LIBS 896: Information Systems 2 Credits Information Systems is an academic study of systems with a specific reference to information and the complementary networks of hardware and software that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create and also distribute data. An emphasis is placed on an information system having a definitive boundary, users, processors, storage, inputs, outputs and the aforementioned communication networks. LIBS 823: Project Management 2 Credits Project management is the process of leading the work of a team to achieve goals and meet success criteria at a specified time. The primary challenge of project management is to achieve all of the project goals within the given constraints. This information is usually described in project documentation, created at the beginning of the development process.

the work of a team to achieve goals and meet success criteria at a specified time. The primary challenge of project management is to achieve all of the project goals within the given constraints. This information is usually described in project documentation, created at the beginning of the development process. The primary constraints are scope, time, quality and budget. The secondary challenge is to optimize the allocation of necessary inputs and apply them to meet pre-defined objectives. GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS i) All candidates must registered and passed a minimum: 34 Credit Unit ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 53 ii) Minimum number of Earned Credit Hours for graduation: 34 Credit Unit iii) Minimum No. of years for graduation: 1 Year iv) Minimum residency requirement in years: 2 Years v) Minimum CGPA for graduation: 3.00 ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 54 APPENDIX 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PREAMBLE The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. 1.2 DLC LAW AND STATUTE The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR DLC EXAMINATION POLICY

approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR DLC EXAMINATION POLICY 1) The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2) Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 55 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations shall be supervised examinations as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 NIGERIAN STUDENTS Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students)

zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 56 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All requests for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the

place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. 4.0 ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 57 forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three (3) semesters in every session. 4. Examination timelines: a. All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e-tutors within four weeks of the semester. b. All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c. All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d. A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric

morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 58 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall

commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 59 compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour after the examination has started shall not be allowed to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator

are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 60 found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester

the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 61 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESIS MANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences ABU Distance Learning MBA Students

venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 62 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 63 iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades

Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 63 iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 OFFENCE BY STUDENTS (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: 1. Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination 2. Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. 3. Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. 4. Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. 5. Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. 6. Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. 7. Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. 8. Willful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 64 9. Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. 10. Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session 1. Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) 2. Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. 3. Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) 4. If a

(B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session 1. Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) 2. Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. 3. Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) 4. If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. 5. Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. 6. Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations 7. Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. 11.2 OFFENCES INVOLVING STAFF 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the ABU Distance Learning MBA Students Handbook 65 corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. 2. Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results

students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. 5. Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Scripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

i ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria. STUDENT HANDBOOK Master in Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice (MLCJ) (Distance Learning) ii ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) © 2023 Distance Learning Centre, ABU Zaria, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the Director, Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. First published 2018 Published and Printed by Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tel: 08065949711 abupress@abu.edu.ng info@abupress.com.ng Website: www.abupress.com.ng iii ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) FOREWORD Whereas the Distance Learning Centre Prospectus covers all aspects of the Distance Learning delivery in Ahmadu Bello University, the DLC Master in Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice (MLCJ) Student Handbook is designed to give you an overview of the MLCJ by Distance Learning in the Ahmadu Bello University. A Handbook of this nature is a must read for you. It provides useful information on the nature, orientation and scope of the MLCJ programme as well as highlights the uniqueness of this delivery modality. As you opt for the distance learning mode to acquire a Master in Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, we shall strive to make your learning experience a memorable one. I urge you to commit, discipline and submit yourself to the demand of distance education. This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and

your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre iv ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) CONTENTS Copyright page ii Foreword iii Contents iv PART 1: General Information 1 1.1 Principal Officers of the University 3 1.2 Visitor, Principal Officers, Deans and Directors 4 1.3 DLC Principal Officers 6 1.4 Historical Perspective 6 1.5 Philosophy and Objectives of the University 7 1.8 University Administration 9 1.9 Faculties, Institutes, Centres and Schools 9 PART 2 Distance Learning Centre 12 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 Distance Learning Centre Academic Calendar 16 2.3 Deployment of Distance Learning Programmes 19 2.4 Studying as a Distance Learner 22 2.5 Waiver and Deferment Guidelines 31 PART 3 Master in Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice 36 3.1 Overview 37 3.2 Programme Structure 42 3.3 Course Synopses 42 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 47 1.0 Introduction 47 1.1 Preamble 47 1.2 DLC Law and Statute 47 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 47 2.0 Examination Venues 47 2.1 Nigerian Students 48 2.2 International Students 48 3.0 Preparation for Examinations 48 v ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) 4.0 Administering Examinations 49 5.0 Appointment of External/Internal Moderators/ Examiners 51 6.0 General Examination Regulations 51 7.0 Consequences for Failing to Write Examinations 53 8.0 Academic Monitoring/Quality Assurance 53 9.0 Research Work and Project, Dissertation and Thesis Management 54 10.0 Duties of Invigilators 54 11.0 Examination Malpractice 55 12.0 Sanctions 55 12.1 Offence by Students 55 11.2 Offences Involving Staff 57 13.0 Management of Examination

51 7.0 Consequences for Failing to Write Examinations 53 8.0 Academic Monitoring/Quality Assurance 53 9.0 Research Work and Project, Dissertation and Thesis Management 54 10.0 Duties of Invigilators 54 11.0 Examination Malpractice 55 12.0 Sanctions 55 12.1 Offence by Students 55 11.2 Offences Involving Staff 57 13.0 Management of Examination Results 57 vi ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) 1 PART I GENERAL INFORMATION ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) 2 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) 3 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Malam Adamu Fika, CFR Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Danladi A. Ameh Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) 4 1.2 VISITOR, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEANS AND DIRECTORS Visitor: Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vice- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs:

MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar Farouq Yaya Director, Directorate of University Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) 5 Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr.

& Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law: Dr. Salim Bashir Magashi Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) 6 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University,

ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) 6 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded in Samaru, Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date technology assists and

its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) 7 The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institutionhas since inception been under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (1975- 1978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (1986- 1991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991-1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004-2009), Professor Abdullahi Mustapha (2009-2015), Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Prof.essor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental re- organisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an

of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental re- organisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) 8 production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru

Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) 9 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council

it. The President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) 10 The University Senate building 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) 11 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House

of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) 12 PART II DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) 13 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus-based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum

applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional income by means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) 14 of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees

programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and e- Learning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) 15 modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop)

(MLCJ) 15 modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MLCJ) 16 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. 17 ABU DLC ACADEMIC

examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. 17 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferments 18 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. International Studies, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. 19 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello

Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. 19 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” 20 All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for

and which shall from time to time be brought into force” 20 All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of relevant Discussion questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. 21 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call

put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student- student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common room. 22 The Liaison Offices shall be administered by an Administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes

event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will be working through specially prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills that would assist you in studying independently. A. Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 23 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to

while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to read between the lines and beyond the lines; 5. You must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. 24 iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear,

are learning. 24 iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write well by imitating good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are reading. Therefore, you need the skill of note taking and note making. When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; 3. be consistent in note taking; 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need

children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will make study more appropriate and effective such as: 25 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while you are studying because notes may not be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active

or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing, drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. 26 C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. i. Start early To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact your first day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand- outs or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and

prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand- outs or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials to learn for examinations. v. Revise Revise for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. 27 vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You

unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You are learning the facts for the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must 28 have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be

where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. 29 Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less

on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. 29 Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well-focused conclusion. 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. 30 How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For

a time. 30 How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. i. Read and fully understand the examination regulations ii.. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by

Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 31 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment application is abudlc-edu.ng 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be made at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2.

payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be made at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A 32 C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester – whichever is more convenient for you. - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations

- Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. 33 - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since

to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: 34 - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e-tutors shall be made available to you. - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on

offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 35 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano

arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” 36 PART III Master in Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice (MLCJ) 37 3.1 OVERVIEW The Distance Learning Centre (DLC) has established academic requirements that apply to all students working towards a Masters in criminal justice that are consistent with the standards set by the National University Commission (NUC). These requirements reflect the Centre’s commitment to a broad-based quality education. The main components of this programme are: (a) Core Curricular; in which students concentrate their studies and receive degrees. (b) Electives; which permit students to take courses of their own choice in consultation with their academic advisors. 3.1.1 Background of Masters in Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice (MLCJ) The MLCJ is a professional programme which focuses on areas of police, courts, crime prevention and control, victims of crime, and contemporary issues in criminal justice. Also, emphasis is also placed on advancing the research skills of students so that they are

Masters in Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice (MLCJ) The MLCJ is a professional programme which focuses on areas of police, courts, crime prevention and control, victims of crime, and contemporary issues in criminal justice. Also, emphasis is also placed on advancing the research skills of students so that they are capable of both understanding existing literature and executing research on their own. The core philosophy underpinning the programme is a belief in the importance of application of theory to practice, supported by robust empirical evidence, in informing all aspects of professional practice in the law and criminal justice system, from social workers and social care workers to police, probation workers and the judiciary. The programme aims to create an atmosphere of rigorous academic enquiry and to apply this to all aspects of crime, criminal behaviour, its institutional frameworks and its associated problems in Nigeria today. 3.1.2 Features of the MLCJ Programme Law and Criminal Justice is an interdisciplinary social science programme which involves the study of crime, its prevention and control. It is a wide field of study involving the study of measurement and pattern of crime, courts and administration and of justice, policy and practice in policing, victimology and victim of crime, crime prevention, and mechanisms of crime control. The programme provides students with the opportunity of advanced intensive study of crime and justice issues with emphasis on the application of theory and research to criminal justice policy and practice. The MLCJ 38 program is designed to meet the needs of students who are preparing for careers in criminal justice, for students who already have careers in the criminal justice field and desire advancement of their knowledge and skills. We are proud to say that our MLCJ graduate will be successful in obtaining positions and developing their careers in

needs of students who are preparing for careers in criminal justice, for students who already have careers in the criminal justice field and desire advancement of their knowledge and skills. We are proud to say that our MLCJ graduate will be successful in obtaining positions and developing their careers in the criminal justice system. Also, they will be additionally prepared at a more advanced level for positions that require the Master’s degree such as teaching positions in university level, research analyst positions in criminal justice agencies, and positions in law enforcement and corrections agencies at different levels that require the advanced degree. The MLCJ programme is developed along current trends in law and criminal justice. The features of the programme therefore include: i. Produces graduates who approach their roles in the criminal justice field with knowledge, empiricism, innovation, humanism, and with a deep concern for justice issues faced by offenders, victims, citizens, and governmental and private agents affected by and charged with responding to crime. ii. Instills in students a responsibility to integrate and evaluate conceptual and empirical contributions to the field of criminal justice. iii. Prepares students for positions and advancement as practitioners, administrators, victim advocates, and/or research analysts in law enforcement, courts, corrections, social service, and research agencies at the private, county, state, and federal levels. iv. Provides foundation for understanding organizational relations in criminal justice, the ability to critically analyse and evaluate criminal justice policy and practice, and the necessary skills to conduct methodologically sound research in specialized areas in criminology and criminal justice. Objectives The MLCJ programme is designed to accommodate professionals in the criminal justice field who desire graduate education for advancement purposes as well as students entering upon completion of their bachelor’s degree who seek advanced education in criminal justice prior to seeking employment

specialized areas in criminology and criminal justice. Objectives The MLCJ programme is designed to accommodate professionals in the criminal justice field who desire graduate education for advancement purposes as well as students entering upon completion of their bachelor’s degree who seek advanced education in criminal justice prior to seeking employment in the criminal justice field, irrespective of gender, race, location and in flexible manner. 39 3.1.3 Programme Learning Outcomes (PLOs) for MLCJ: i. Identify, and critically evaluate the aims, framework and content of the relevant subject curriculum (i) Critically evaluate alignment of the relevant subject curriculum with broader educational aims. (ii) Apply a firm pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) base for the relevant subject area in curriculum design, implementation and evaluation for improvement in teaching and learning. ii. Plan and implement contextually responsive and innovative teaching to construct effective learning experiences a. Explore and apply appropriate assessment and evaluation strategies that are evidence-based, and reflect on students’ performance to enhance teaching and learning. b. Apply effective strategies and skills to deal with unanticipated situations arising in professional practice. iii. Critically evaluate underlying theories and concepts of learning and whole-person development (i) Identify appropriate learning outcomes, evaluate the achievement of those outcomes and communicate suitable feedback to the learners. (ii) Draw on human, curriculum and technological resources to promote cross-curricular learning and multi literacies. iv. Construct an environment conducive to effective learning (i) Identify learners’ individual differences and implement strategies to provide support for their diverse learning needs. v. Communicate effectively with stakeholders to promote the enhancement of teaching and learning and respond to changes in education a. Communicate ideas, concepts and issues effectively to stakeholders in education, including students, parents and colleagues. b. Engage with people of diverse cultures with inter-cultural sensitivity and interpersonal skills. c. Act as a local and

stakeholders to promote the enhancement of teaching and learning and respond to changes in education a. Communicate ideas, concepts and issues effectively to stakeholders in education, including students, parents and colleagues. b. Engage with people of diverse cultures with inter-cultural sensitivity and interpersonal skills. c. Act as a local and global citizen through integrating into one’s professional life a critical awareness of social, economic, cultural, technological and environmental issues, and participate actively 40 and take up leadership roles in promoting the well-being of humankind. vi. Reflect critically on personal strengths and weaknesses to develop knowledge, skills and strategies for continuing professional improvement (i) Conduct oneself ethically and professionally, and uphold the code of conduct for teachers. (ii) Show sensitivity to and respect for the diverse interests and backgrounds of other stakeholders in the education community. 3.1.4 Entry Requirement Candidates who possess the following qualifications are eligible for admission into the programme: i) All candidates to be admitted into the Masters in Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice (MLCJ) must possess five (5) O’level credits. ii. A minimum of 2nd class Bachelor’s degree from a recognised University iii. Hold a 3rd class Bachelor’s degree with a minimum of 2 years relevant working experience. 3.1.5 Graduation Requirement ii) A minimum of 40 Credit units spread across two Semesters is required for the Award of Masters in Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice. iii) A minimum of one (1) academic session is required for the Award of Masters in Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice. iii) Visits of Observation: Carries 6 credit units. iv) Project Work: Carries 6 credit units. In all, a student is required to earn a minimum of 40 credit units spread across 2 semesters for the award of Masters in Law and Criminal Justice (MLCJ). 3.1.6 Activities to Meet Programme Objectives In

Visits of Observation: Carries 6 credit units. iv) Project Work: Carries 6 credit units. In all, a student is required to earn a minimum of 40 credit units spread across 2 semesters for the award of Masters in Law and Criminal Justice (MLCJ). 3.1.6 Activities to Meet Programme Objectives In a bid to realise the stated objectives of the programme, you are expected to attain a minimum of 75% of participation in all the activities of the programme. Your participation in the programme 41 would be tracked to ensure full compliance and effective participation in all segments of the programme structure. 3.1.7 Programme Delivery Delivery of instruction on the basis of the Distance Learning platform is predicated on the open and Distance Learning spirit of flexibility, convenience, accessibility and quality. Consequently, the following are used to reach out to you: 1. Activity based structured study. 2. Availability of comprehensive Course Materials in hard copy (printed version). 3. Availability of comprehensive Course Materials in electronic format (online and offline on tablet devices). 4. Video recordings of lectures on tablet device. 5. Links to electronic libraries on tablet device. 3.1.8 Assessment Modalities Assessment shall be through: a) Response to individual assignments. b) Response to Topical Discussions. c) Response to Discussion Questions. d) Semester Examinations – CBT based at an accredited centre of your choice. 42 3.2 PROGRAMME STRUCTURE Course Code in Masters in Law and Criminal Justice Programme (800 Level) Course Description Credits Status FIRST SEMESTER MLCJ 801 Sociological Thinking in Crime Prevention and control 2 Core MLCJ 803 The Nature of Crime and Delinquency 2 Core MLCJ 805 The Ethnography and Social Structure of Nigeria 2 Core MLCJ 807 Methods of Research for Crime Prevention and control 2 Core MLCJ 809 Philosophies of Crime Prevention and Control 2 Core MLCJ 811

Prevention and control 2 Core MLCJ 803 The Nature of Crime and Delinquency 2 Core MLCJ 805 The Ethnography and Social Structure of Nigeria 2 Core MLCJ 807 Methods of Research for Crime Prevention and control 2 Core MLCJ 809 Philosophies of Crime Prevention and Control 2 Core MLCJ 811 Victimology and Victims of Crime 2 Elective MLCJ 813 Countering Corruption and organized Crime 2 Elective MLCJ 899 Visits of Observation 6 Core SECOND SEMESTER MLCJ 800 Project 6 Core MLCJ 802 Measurement of Patterns of Crime 2 Core MLCJ 804 Police and Law Enforcement 2 Core MLCJ 806 Courts and Administration of Justice 2 Core MLCJ 808 Prisons and Alternative Correction of Offenders 2 Core MLCJ 810 Public Policy, Crime Prevention and Control 2 Core MLCJ 812 Informal Mechanisms of Control 2 Elective MLCJ 814 Special Categories of Offenders: Women, Children, Drug Offenders. 2 Elective TOTAL 40 43 3.3 COURSE SYNOPSES Presented below are the synopses of all the courses presented in the tables above. The Credit Units of each course and status have been indicated. MLCJ 801: Sociological Thinking in Crime Prevention and Control (2 units: Core) This course is aimed at acquainting students /learners to the fundamental sociological issues as a premise and assumptions that run through various discourses in Sociology as a discipline. This exposure is important in recognition of the fact that students are required to think sociologically as that will provide a better premise to appreciate the various paradigms to the analysis of the social reality of crime as a social problem and the prevention of its occurrence. MLCJ 803: The Nature of Crime and Delinquency (2 Units: Core) This is a course suitable for beginners as a foundation course on the subject matter and concept of crime; and more especially the sources and

social reality of crime as a social problem and the prevention of its occurrence. MLCJ 803: The Nature of Crime and Delinquency (2 Units: Core) This is a course suitable for beginners as a foundation course on the subject matter and concept of crime; and more especially the sources and avenue to learn and commit crime. It highlights the extent, and nature of delinquency, as well as the theoretical explanations of crime and delinquency. MLCJ 805: The Ethnography and Social Structure of Nigeria (2 Units: Core) This course covers the social and cultural patterns of the peoples of Nigeria, in such a way that students are encouraged to appreciate and understand the cultural, social and political circumstances of Nigeria and problems of her ethnic diversity. In this course, you will be exposed to the highly diversified field of anthropology, more especially in the use of ethnography in the study of culture, patterns of social relations and social life of communities in Nigeria. MLCJ 807: Methods of Research for Crime Prevention and control (2 Units: Core) This course will expose you to the various ways of conducting social research. The course will serve as a tool required, before the commencement of your projects. As much as feasible, concrete and hypothetical situations within the criminal justice system will be used for illustrations and assignments in teaching. 44 MLCJ 809: Philosophies of Crime Prevention and Control (2 Units: Core) The course as the name implies deals with different philosophies of crime prevention and control adopted not only in Nigeria but the world in general. The course first deals with the conceptual clarification of the terms; crime, punishment, prevention and control before going into the main topic of the philosophies of crime prevention. Then crime control force; the police and the court. MLCJ 811:

control adopted not only in Nigeria but the world in general. The course first deals with the conceptual clarification of the terms; crime, punishment, prevention and control before going into the main topic of the philosophies of crime prevention. Then crime control force; the police and the court. MLCJ 811: Victimology and Victims of Crime (2 Units: Elective) This course examines the risks and consequences of crime for its victims. Issues considered include victim-offender relationships, characteristics of victims, the nature of the injuries they experience, and criminal justice procedures that involve them. It also examines the role of the victim in the study of crime. The origins of the discipline is examined, as well as contemporary research, service and legislative provisions MLCJ 813: Countering Corruption and organised Crime (2 Units: Elective) The basic aim of this course is to broaden your knowledge on the pattern of corruption and organised crime in Nigeria. It will also expose you to the various definitions given to corruption, organised crime and crime by different scholars’ vis-à-vis their area of discipline and specialisation. This course will enable you to explain the nature of organised crime from conventional crimes to the modern crimes of the 21st century in a global perspective. MLCJ 800: Project (6 Units: Core) Students are expected to apply the knowledge, skills and competencies learnt in the research methods to write a project which will be both internally and externally examined. MLCJ 802: Measurement of Patterns of Crime (2 Units: Core) The aims are to help you understand the patterns of crime in the society and to help you gain better understanding of how crime is measured. The past and present trends of crime in the society and the 45 techniques for measuring crime and delinquency will be discussed. Also, the patterns of

are to help you understand the patterns of crime in the society and to help you gain better understanding of how crime is measured. The past and present trends of crime in the society and the 45 techniques for measuring crime and delinquency will be discussed. Also, the patterns of crime and delinquency in Nigeria will be treated. MLCJ 804: Police and Law Enforcement (2 Units: Core) This course examines the police role and law enforcement policy, police organisation, personnel issues, management, and operations, as well as coordination and consolidation of police service, police integrity, and community relations. MLCJ 806: Courts and Administration of Justice (2 Units: Core) This course introduces you to the basic concepts in courts, and Criminal Justice Administration. The course is also designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the major perspectives and historical developments of some of the active participants in the criminal justice system, the interplay of these main organs of the system and critique of their functions MLCJ 808: Prisons and Alternative Correction of Offenders (2 Units: Core) The aim of this course is to introduce you to the concepts and practice of correctional treatment as a fundamental issue in achieving reformation and rehabilitation of offenders and for their possible re- integration into the society. Your understanding of this course will serve to position you on a stronger pedestal from which to approach other related issues in the study of criminal justice administration and penology. MLCJ 810: Public Policy, Crime Prevention and Control (2 Units: Core) This course is designed to expose you to the rudiments of policy formulation, implementation and evaluation with regards to crime prevention and control. MLCJ 812: Informal Mechanisms of Control (2 Units: Elective) The overall aim of the course is to expose you to the basic definitions of

(2 Units: Core) This course is designed to expose you to the rudiments of policy formulation, implementation and evaluation with regards to crime prevention and control. MLCJ 812: Informal Mechanisms of Control (2 Units: Elective) The overall aim of the course is to expose you to the basic definitions of concepts relating crime control, management, indigenous mechanism of combating crime and as well as what is obtainable in a formal (Western) setting of combating crime. It is also aimed to exposed you to knowing most of the existing traditional mechanisms of crime control in the past, among are age-grade control, oat taking, divination, deity consultation (Ayelala) among others. A comparison 46 of this (traditional mechanisms) with the formal (Western mechanisms) of crime control. Presenting the conceptual meanings, case studies and the impact assessment of threat to human existence. MLCJ 814: Special Categories of Offenders: Women, Children, Drug Offenders. (2 Units: Elective) The overall aim of this course is to explore the background to crime and the sociological and legal view of crime. It also investigates the term offence and who an offender is and the various categories of offenders. The material draws its case studies from the local and international environments. MLCJ 899: Visits of Observation (6 Units: Core) Students are required to undertake Visit of Observation to various institutions or agencies of criminal justice system on which they will write comprehensive report 47 APPENDIX 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PREAMBLE The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an

in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. 1.2 DLC LAW AND STATUTE The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR DLC EXAMINATION POLICY 1. The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations shall be supervised examinations as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. 48 Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within

a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 NIGERIAN STUDENTS Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. 49 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination

shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. 4.0 ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three (3) semester in every session. 4. Examination timelines: 50 a) All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e-tutors within four weeks of the semester. b) All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c) All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d) A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted

of commencement of each semester c) All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d) A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 51 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system requires such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS

immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system requires such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour after the examination has started shall not be allowed to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the 52 permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and

invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 53 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination

All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 53 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment. 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESIS MANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 54 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any

MANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 54 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. 55 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other

with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 OFFENCE BY STUDENTS (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: i. Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination ii. Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. iii. Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. iv. Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. 56 v. Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. vi. Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. vii. Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. viii. Willful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. ix. Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. x. Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session

on arrest for committing examination malpractice. ix. Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. x. Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session i. Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) ii. Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. iii. Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) iv. If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. v. Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. vi. Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations vii. Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. 57 ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. 11.2 OFFENCES INVOLVING STAFF 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. 2. Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Students shall be able to view their results

action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. 5. Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Scripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) i DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria STUDENT HANDBOOK Master in Public Administration (MPA) ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) ii © 2023 Distance Learning Centre, ABU Zaria, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the Director, Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. First published 2018 Published and Printed by Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tel: 08065949711 abupress@abu.edu.ng info@abupress.com.ng Website: www.abupress.com.ng ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) iii FOREWORD Whereas the Distance Learning Centre Prospectus covers all aspects of the Distance Learning delivery in Ahmadu Bello University, the DLC Master in Public Administration (MPA) Student Handbook is designed to give you an overview of the MPA by Distance Learning in the Ahmadu Bello University. A Handbook of this nature is a must read for you. It provides useful information on the nature, orientation and scope of the MPA programme as well as highlights the uniqueness of this delivery modality. As you opt for the distance learning mode to acquire a Master in Public Administration, we shall strive to make your learning experience a memorable one. I urge you to commit, discipline and submit yourself to the demand of distance education. This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim

distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) iv CONTENTS Copyright page ii Foreword iii Contents iv PART 1: General Information 1 1.1 Principal Officers of the University 3 1.2 Visitor, Principal Officers, Deans and Directors 4 s1.3 DLC Principal Officers 6 1.4 Historical Perspective 6 1.5 Zaria 7 1.7 Philosophy and Objectives of the University 9 1.8 University Administration 9 1.9 Faculties, Institutes, Centres and Schools 10 1.9 Academic Programmes 13 PART 2 Distance Learning Centre 13 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 Distance Learning Centre 14 2.3 Administration 15 2.4 Distance Learning Centre Academic Calendar 16 2.5 Programmes for Distance Learning Delivery 18 2.6 Deployment of Distance Learning Programmes 19 2.7 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery 20 2.8 ICT Infrastructure 22 2.9 Studying as a Distance Learner 22 2.10 Waiver and Deferment Guidelines 31 PART 3: Master in Public Administration 37 3.1 Overview 37 3.2 Objectives of the Programme 37 3.3 Admission Requirements 37 3.4 Registration 38 3.5 Matriculation 38 3.6 Complaints and Counselling 38 ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) v 3.7 Course Structure and Requirements for Graduation 39 3.8 Examination Results 45 3.9 Classification of Degree 46 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 47 1.0 Introduction 47 1.1 Preamble 47 1.2 DLC Law and Statute 47 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 47 2.0 Examination Venues 48 2.1 Nigerian Students 48 2.2 International 48 3.0 Preparation for Examinations 49 4.0 Administering Examinations 49 5.0 Appointment of External/Internal Moderators/ Examiners 51 6.0 General Examination Regulations 51

Introduction 47 1.1 Preamble 47 1.2 DLC Law and Statute 47 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 47 2.0 Examination Venues 48 2.1 Nigerian Students 48 2.2 International 48 3.0 Preparation for Examinations 49 4.0 Administering Examinations 49 5.0 Appointment of External/Internal Moderators/ Examiners 51 6.0 General Examination Regulations 51 7.0 Consequences for Failing to Write Examinations 53 8.0 Academic Monitoring/Quality Assurance 54 9.0 Research Work and Project, Dissertation and Thesis Management 54 10.0 Duties of Invigilators 54 11.0 Examination Malpractice 55 12.0 Sanctions 56 12.1 Offence by Students 56 12.2 Offences Involving Staff 57 13.0 Management of Examination Results 58 ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) vi ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 1 PART I GENERAL INFORMATION ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 2 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 3 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Malam Adamu Fika, CFR Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Danladi A. Ameh Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 4 1.2 VISITOR, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEANS AND DIRECTORS Visitor: Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vice- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc.,

Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vice- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar Farouq Yaya Director, Directorate of University Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 5 Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management &

Sani Adamu ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 5 Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law: Dr. Salim Bashir Magashi Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU

Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 6 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded in Samaru, Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its

area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 7 The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institutionhas since inception been under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (1975- 1978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (1986- 1991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991-1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004-2009), Professor Abdullahi Mustapha (2009-2015), Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Prof.essor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of

the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental re- organisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 8 production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology,

University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 9 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it.

learning of a standard required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 10 The University Senate building 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 11 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of

Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 11 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 12 PART II DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 13 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus-based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied

mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus-based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional income by means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 14 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes

and student enrollment is thus obvious. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 14 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and e- Learning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 15 E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the

15 E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 16 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination

Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 17 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferments ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 18 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. International Studies, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master

would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 19 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law

presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 20 Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of relevant Discussion questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of

platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 21 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student- student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common room. The Liaison Offices shall be administered by an Administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 22 meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the

annual/semester ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 22 meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will be working through specially prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills that would assist you in studying independently. A. Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 23 5. Listening to films, radios, TV,

the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 23 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to read between the lines and beyond the lines; 5. You must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You

You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 24 put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write well by imitating good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are reading. Therefore, you need the skill of note taking and note making. When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; 3. be consistent in note taking; 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing

consistent in note taking; 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will make study more appropriate and effective such as: 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 25 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while you are studying because notes may not be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities

files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing, drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 26 i. Start early To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact yourfirst day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work

You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand- outs or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials to learn for examinations. v. Revise Revise for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 27 D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for

not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 27 D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You are learning the facts for the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift

process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 28 Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15

show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well-focused conclusion. 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 29 Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work.

astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 30 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day.

DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 30 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. i. Read and fully understand the examination regulations ii.. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 31 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail

courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 31 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment application is abudlc-edu.ng 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be made at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 32 AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in

request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 32 AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester – whichever is more convenient for you. - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing

at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 33 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our

can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e-tutors shall be made available to you. - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 34 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” :

8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 35 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 36

participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 36 PART III MASTER IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (MPA) ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 37 3.1 OVERVIEW The Masters in Public Administration programme presents a unique opportunity for both students and professionals who are interested in both developing essential knowledge for understanding administrative work, and to strengthen their capacities in both public and private sectors. The masters in public administration is aimed at broaden and deepen the intellectual exposure of the students in core public administration courses so as to develop their capacity to analyse and apply the skills and knowledge acquire during training in solving administrative problems in the public and private sectors. 3.2 OBJECTIVES OF PROGRAMME The masters in public administration programme is to develop the students’ expertise in the functional areas of Public Administration, irrespective of gender, race, location and in flexible manner, so that they advance the frontiers of Public Administration theory and practice and enhance the contribution that the Public Administration could make to nation building. The Master in Public Administration is a NUC-Accredited Master’s Degree (awarded according to the rules and regulations set by the NUC education system). 3.3 ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS 1. First degree in Public Administration, Political Science, Local Government and Development Studies, Economics, Sociology or History with a minimum of 2.2 or third class degree with five (5) years post-graduation experience. 2. Any First degree with minimum of 2.2 or HND with minimum of Merit grade plus a Postgraduate Diploma in Public Administration (PGDPA) from ABU. 3. Five O’ Level credits which must include

or History with a minimum of 2.2 or third class degree with five (5) years post-graduation experience. 2. Any First degree with minimum of 2.2 or HND with minimum of Merit grade plus a Postgraduate Diploma in Public Administration (PGDPA) from ABU. 3. Five O’ Level credits which must include English Language, Mathematic, Government/History, Economics, and any other one. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 38 Make sure you meet all the requirements. 3.4 REGISTRATION Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign candidates are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy (visit: www.abudlc-edu.ng). 3.5 MATRICULATION All candidates entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 3.6 COMPLAINTS AND COUNSELLING In event of complaints, inquiry, or counselling, there is robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice: - Help desk service available at the centre. - Telephone and e-mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e-mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and

is robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice: - Help desk service available at the centre. - Telephone and e-mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e-mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e-tutors shall be made available to you. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 39 3.7 COURSE STRUCTURE AND REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATION To receive the Master’s degree in Public Administration, students must complete the following courses. 3.7.1 Course Structure: LIST OF COURSES FOR MPA PROGRAMME Core Courses First Semester S/N Course Code Course Title Credit Unit 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PADM801 PADM803 PADM805 PADM809 PADM817 Organisational Theory & Public Admin. Research Methods Public Policy Analysis Public Enterprise Management Conflict Management 3 3 3 3 3 ELECTIVES 6. 7. PADM811 PADM813 Project Management Rural and Urban Development 3 3 TOTAL 18 Second Semester 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PADM802 PADM804 PADM806 PADM808 PADM810 Nigerian Government & Administration Advanced Descriptive Statistics Public Personnel Management Public Financial Management Development Administration 3 3 3 3 3 ELECTIVES 6. 7. PADM812 PADM816 Comparative Local Government Inter-Governmental Relations 3 3 TOTAL 21 Third Semester 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PADM831 PADM833 PADM835 PADM892 PADM882 Comparative Public Administration e-Governance in the Public Sector Administrative Law Research Project Seminar 3 3 3 6 1 TOTAL 16 * Core courses are compulsory for all candidates ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 40 * Candidates are to pick one elective course from the two courses for each semester * Each Semester is, assessed by semester-end examinations, plus the completion of a substantial research project. 3.7.2 Course Description PADM 801: ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY & PUBLIC MANAGEMENT The course is designed to explore the theoretical and methodological contours of

to pick one elective course from the two courses for each semester * Each Semester is, assessed by semester-end examinations, plus the completion of a substantial research project. 3.7.2 Course Description PADM 801: ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY & PUBLIC MANAGEMENT The course is designed to explore the theoretical and methodological contours of public administration as a specialized field of study in social science. Such theoretical and methodological stream to be covered will be examined and explained in terms of their implications on styles and methods of management practices as well as a theoretical approach to study of Public Administration. The conceptual apparatus to be developed in the course will lead to an explanation of the context of bureaucracy as an institutional mechanism specifically necessary for efficient management of industrial activity. PADM 802: NIGERIAN GOVERNMENT & ADMINISTRATION This course will explore the political and administrative history of Nigeria. In the process, students will be exposed to an understanding of the colonialists and Nigerian political leaders in the constitutional development of Nigeria, their philosophies, strengths, weaknesses and the contemporary challenges. PADM 803: RESEARCH METHOD The course is designed to enable students to apply relevant research methods and statistics to social and political problems which implies how a method or statistics can be applied to policy and administrative situations. It will equip students with research methods skills which they can utilize in the work environment. At the end, students will be able to design a research project, use simple displays of data to provide useful summary information, analyse and interpret data, write and present a research report. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 41 PADM 804: ADVANCED DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS This course is designed to teach the students basic statistics and their application to research and the execution of administrative functions. PADM 805: PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSIS The

summary information, analyse and interpret data, write and present a research report. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 41 PADM 804: ADVANCED DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS This course is designed to teach the students basic statistics and their application to research and the execution of administrative functions. PADM 805: PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSIS The course aims to provide professional education in all aspects of public policy, from issue generation, articulation of demands and agenda setting through decision-making and program development to policy implementation and evaluation of impacts. The course provides insights into and understanding of what governments do, why they do it, and how. PADM 806: PUBLIC PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION The course is designed to examine the role of people in public organizations, the personnel functions from recruitment to selection, career development, labour relations and trade unionism. Because human resources are central to obtaining organizational results, all public sector organization managers with an interest in organizational efficiency must make the effective management of people a predominant aspect of their occupation. Students will be exposed to the theories, techniques and procedures of public personnel administration and their skills will be developed to be able to formulate prescriptions aimed at improving the management of human resources in the public sector. PADM 808: PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT This course is designed to make a critical appraisal of the challenges that influence fiscal decision makers in their day-to- day operations. Students will at the end be able to relate or contextualize public finance experiences in Nigeria within their wider contexts, as well as be able to critically assess practical constraints which developing countries face in their attempt to mobilize resources for economic development. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 42 There have been debates on how a country’s resources can be efficiently mobilized and disbursed without engendering dislocations in the operations

as well as be able to critically assess practical constraints which developing countries face in their attempt to mobilize resources for economic development. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 42 There have been debates on how a country’s resources can be efficiently mobilized and disbursed without engendering dislocations in the operations of the economy and social welfare in general with considerations for the tension between “efficiency” and “equity”. Increased participation of financial institutions in domestic fiscal policy making systems and the “donor conditionalities” with their resultant impacts on public welfare are some of the issues to be explored in the course. Students will be exposed to questions on whether the public sector is really necessary, what constitutes a sound tax policy, how budgets can be designed to enhance their capacity as tools of fiscal management among others. PADM 809: PUBLIC ENTERPRISES MANAGEMENT This course is designed to explore the mission of public enterprises, to review their performance while highlighting some of the problems associated with their operations, as well as to examine whether privatization is the best alternative for improving the performance of state-owned enterprises in developing countries. The course will also examine how managers in such organizations translate purpose and people’s efforts into operations and correspondingly, how managers ensure that actions fit purpose. This process involves difficult and distinct public managerial actions which students will be exposed to. PADM 810: DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION Development administration represents aspects of public administration that are essential for the carrying out of policies, plans, projects and programmes to improve social and economic conditions. The course arises out of the recognition that there is a need in the post-independence era to undertake sustainable development. It is aimed at equipping students with the appropriate theory and practice of development administration so that at the end, students will

and programmes to improve social and economic conditions. The course arises out of the recognition that there is a need in the post-independence era to undertake sustainable development. It is aimed at equipping students with the appropriate theory and practice of development administration so that at the end, students will be able to examine and analyze issues in order to determine means of enhancing the ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 43 administrative and managerial capacity of development management. PADM 811: PROJECT ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION (ELECTIVE) This course focuses on the process of project planning, implementation and evaluation; the methods of assessing project acceptance and effectiveness. It combines theory and practice on the modes of data gathering, analysis, and evaluation. The course is aimed at equipping students to effectively operate as development agents after the completion of the course. Students will be taught among others the nature of projects, fundamentals of projects, project evaluation and systems of evaluation. PADM 812: COMPARATIVE LOCAL GOVERNMENT (ELECTIVE) Local government has been recognized as the third tier of government. The course is designed to explain the basic elements of local government, its justification, operations, evolution and the different models. It aims to make a comparative analysis of its evolution in Nigeria, its functions, roles and challenges in a changing world. PADM 813: URBAN AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION (ELECTIVE) Over sixty percent of the population in developing countries resides in the rural areas with all the attendant poverty and lack. A high percentage of the youth are also moving from there to the urban centers in order to escape poverty but end increasing the number of the urban poor. The twin issues of rural development and urban development must be considered in any effort to foster national development. This course is designed to equip students with

are also moving from there to the urban centers in order to escape poverty but end increasing the number of the urban poor. The twin issues of rural development and urban development must be considered in any effort to foster national development. This course is designed to equip students with the knowledge about the dynamics of rural economy, the challenges of rural and urban living, as well as the ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 44 administrative structures and strategies that could be employed to promote development of the rural areas in a globalized world. PADM816: INTER-GOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS The principal objectives of the course are to acquaint students with various conceptual models of federalism which help to explain the nature and working of inter-governmental systems, to examines the forces of changes and the factors which preserve federal systems, to understand the dynamics of non- government relations, types of conflict and co-operation between various levels of government, to explore the challenges of federal systems especially the problem of public finance, ethnicity, civil rights and urban governance, to study policy development and proposals for public management and the processes of federal policy implementation. PADM817: CONFLICT MANAGEMENT The aim of the course is to acquaint students with the meanings, nature, causes, types, dimensions and effects of conflicts. The theories of conflict shall also be critically examined. The strategies for conflict management will be identified and X- rayed. The efficacy of the strategies will be examined within the context of organisational, and national, international arena. PADM831: COMPARATIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION The course covers the concept of comparison in public administration, and examines the context and system of administration in selected developed and developing countries. It emphasizes the political and policy-making roles of public bureaucracies, the relationship between organized interests and public agencies and the problems of

PADM831: COMPARATIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION The course covers the concept of comparison in public administration, and examines the context and system of administration in selected developed and developing countries. It emphasizes the political and policy-making roles of public bureaucracies, the relationship between organized interests and public agencies and the problems of bureaucratic accountability of political accessory in nation and the globe. PADM833: E-GOVERNANCE IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR/ELECTRONIC GOVERNANCE ADMINISTRATION This course is designed to familiarize students with the approaches to e-governance; five stages of e-governance in the application of Internet facilities in the planning, implementation ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 45 and evaluation of service delivery. It examines the threefold classification of e-governance; e-governance as government to government, government to business and government to citizens. Online service delivery, in health care, education, agriculture, judicial administration, business, arts, culture, rural and urban development, and local authority, state and federal to e-governance and strategies for overcoming the barriers. PADM 835: ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Administrative law is the law pertaining to the administration of the state. It is an instrument needed by the central government to effectively implement its policies. This course will significantly focus on the nature and extent of the remedies available to members of the public to protect them against administrative abuses. 3.7.3 Requirements for Graduation To be awarded a MPA degree, candidates must complete the following: i. A minimum of 36 Credit units spread across two Semesters for the Award of Masters in Public Administration. ii) A minimum of one (1) academic session is required for the Award of Masters in Public Administration. iii) A minimum of two (2) years residency is required for the Award of Masters in Public Administration. iv) Minimum CGPA for graduation: 3.00 3.8 EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to candidates after

academic session is required for the Award of Masters in Public Administration. iii) A minimum of two (2) years residency is required for the Award of Masters in Public Administration. iv) Minimum CGPA for graduation: 3.00 3.8 EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to candidates after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Candidates shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 46 4. Candidates are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. 5. Candidates can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. 3.9 CLASSIFICATION OF DEGREE MPA degrees awarded to successful candidates in the final examination are classified as: Marks Awarded (%) Letter Grade Equivalent Grade Point 70 and above 60 – 69 50 – 59 Less than 50 A B C F Excellent Good Pass Fail 5 4 3 0 ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 47 APPENDIX 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PREAMBLE The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its

anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. 1.2 DLC LAW AND STATUTE The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR DLC EXAMINATION POLICY 1. The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 48 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations shall be supervised examinations as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 NIGERIAN STUDENTS Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements

preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 NIGERIAN STUDENTS Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 49 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of

be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. 4.0 ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 50 blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three (3) semester in every session. 4. Examination timelines: a. All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e- tutors within four weeks of the semester. b. All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c. All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d. A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee.

and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d. A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 51 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners

CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 52 after the examination has started shall not be allowed to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and

leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 53 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by

obtained if necessary. 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 54 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESIS MANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There

support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESIS MANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 55 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation

Invigilator. 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 56 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 OFFENCE BY STUDENTS (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: i. Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination ii. Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. iii. Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. iv. Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. v. Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. vi. Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. vii. Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. viii. Wilful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. ix. Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. x. Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for

of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. ix. Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. x. Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session i. Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 57 ii. Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. iii. Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) iv. If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. v. Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. vi. Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations vii. Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. 12.2 OFFENCES INVOLVING STAFF 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. 2. Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 58 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made

the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPA) 58 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. 5. Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Scripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) i DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE Ahmadu Bello University STUDENT HANDBOOK Masters in Public Health (MPH) ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) ii © 2023 Distance Learning Centre, ABU Zaria, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the Director, Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. First published 2018 Published and Printed by Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tel: 08065949711 abupress@abu.edu.ng info@abupress.com.ng Website: www.abupress.com.ng ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) iii FOREWORD Whereas the Distance Learning Centre Prospectus covers all aspects of the Distance Learning delivery in Ahmadu Bello University, the DLC Master of Public Health (MPH) Student Handbook is designed to give you an overview of the MPH by Distance Learning in the Ahmadu Bello University. A Handbook of this nature is a must read for you. It provides useful information on the nature, orientation and scope of the MPH programme as well as highlights the uniqueness of this delivery modality. As you opt for the distance learning mode to acquire a Master of Public Health, we shall strive to make your learning experience a memorable one. I urge you to commit, discipline and submit yourself to the demand of distance education. This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director,

largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) iv CONTENTS Copyright page ii Foreword iii Contents iv PART 1: General Information1 1 1.1 Principal Officers of the University 3 1.2 Visitors, Principal Officers, Deans and Directors 4 1.3 DLC principal officers 6 1.4 Historical Perspective 6 1.5 Zaria 7 1.6 Philosophy and Objectives of the University 9 1.7 University Administration 9 1.8 Faculties, Institutes, Centres and Schools 10 Part II: Master in Public Health Programme 12 2.0 Introduction 13 2.2 Admission Requirements 15 2.3 Deployment of MPH Programme in the ABU DLC 18 2.4 Application Procedures (Waiver and Deferment Guidelines) 40 2.5 Programme Specialisations 47 3.0 MPH Core Courses Description 48 3.1 Introduction to Public Health 48 3.2 Basic Epidemiology 49 3.3 Principles of Health Communication and Learning 49 4.0 Specialisation Courses 52 4.1 MPH Environmental and Occupational Health 52 5.0 MPH Occupational and Environmental Health Course Description 54 5.1 Introduction 55 6.0 MPH Environmental and Occupational Health Course content 55 7.0 MPH Epidemiology 59 ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) v 7.1 MPH Epidemiology Course Description 61 7.2 MPH Epidemiology Course Content 54 8.0 Health Promotion and Prevention 65 8.1 MPH Health Promotion and Prevention Course Description 67 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 75 1.0 Introduction 75 1.1 Preamble 75 1.2 DLC Law and Statute 75 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 75 2.0 Examination Venues 76 2.1 Nigerian Students 76 2.2 International Students 76 3.0 Preparation for Examinations 76 4.0 Administering Examinations 77 5.0 Appointment of External/Internal

DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 75 1.0 Introduction 75 1.1 Preamble 75 1.2 DLC Law and Statute 75 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 75 2.0 Examination Venues 76 2.1 Nigerian Students 76 2.2 International Students 76 3.0 Preparation for Examinations 76 4.0 Administering Examinations 77 5.0 Appointment of External/Internal Moderators/ Examiners 79 6.0 General Examination Regulations, 79 7.0 Consequences for Failing to Write Examinations 81 8.0 Academic Monitoring/Quality Assurance 82 9.0 Research Work and Project, Dissertation and Thesis Management 82 10.0 Duties of Invigilators 82 11.0 Examination Malpractice 83 12.0 Sanctions 84 12.1 Offence by Students 84 12.2 Offences Involving Staff 85 13.0 Management of Examination Results 86 ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) vi ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 1 PART I GENERAL INFORMATION ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 2 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 3 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Malam Adamu Fika, CFR Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Danladi A. Ameh Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 4 1.2 VISITOR, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEANS AND DIRECTORS Visitor: Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Viec-

the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Viec- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar Farouq Yaya Director, Directorate of University Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 5 Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar

Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 5 Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law: Dr. Salim Bashir Magashi Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean,

Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 6 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded in Samaru, Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of

in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 7 The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institutionhas since inception been under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (1975- 1978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (1986- 1991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991-1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004-2009), Professor Abdullahi Mustapha (2009-2015), Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Prof.essor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a

had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental re- organisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 8 ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College

centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 9 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by

in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 10 The University Senate building 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 11 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23.

14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 11 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 12 PART II DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 13 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus-based

Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus-based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants apply for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these are qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional income by means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 14 administrative structure responsible for the

The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 14 administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and e- Learning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 15 CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly

and Postgraduate Degrees. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 15 CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 16 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of

of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. 17 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferments ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 18 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. International Studies, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice

School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 19 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello

formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 20 Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of relevant Discussion questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. iii. An optional 2 weeks on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the

an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. iii. An optional 2 weeks on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staff. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 21 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student- student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common room. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 22 The Liaison Offices shall be administered by an Administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall

the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will be working through specially prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills that would assist you in studying independently. A. Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 23 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films,

Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 23 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to read between the lines and beyond the lines; 5. You must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well;

situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 24 iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write well by imitating good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are reading. Therefore, you need the skill of note taking and note making. When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; 3. be consistent in note taking; 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be

3. be consistent in note taking; 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will make study more appropriate and effective such as: ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 25 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while you are studying because notes may not be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives

cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing, drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 26 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. i. Start early To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact your first day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile

preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand- outs or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials to learn for examinations. v. Revise Revise for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 27 are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect

27 are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You are learning the facts for the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point

in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 28 necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring

similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 29 Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well-focused conclusion. 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read

Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 30 produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the

the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. i. Read and fully understand the examination regulations ii.. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 31 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of

justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment application is abudlc- edu.ng 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be forwarded at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 32 C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured

N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester – whichever is more convenient for you. - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 33 Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard

choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 34 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for

seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 34 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e-tutors shall be made available to you. - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 35

on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 35 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU DLC

Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 36 PART III The Master in Public Health Programme ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 37 2.0 INTRODUCTION The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is in line with the Department of Community Medicine at the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. This is consistent with the Ahmadu Bello University’s commitment to imparting knowledge and learning to men and women without distinction on the basis of race, religion or political belief. The department is concerned with the promotion of health and prevention of disease, assessment of community health needs, the provision and evaluation of health services of communities. The department of community medicine believes that various factors in the physical and socio-cultural environment precipitate ill health and that health cannot be improved without an understanding of the interplay of such factors. It is recognised that the organisation and delivery of health must respond to these external influences if any impact is to be made on the health status of the population. Also, the efficient management of health resources improves the organisation and delivery of health services. The department of community medicine seeks to equip health care workers with the relevant knowledge and skills for rational decision-making in order to effectively and efficiently use health resources for optimum impact on the health status of the population. The Masters of Public Health (MPH) degree program has been developed to impart management and administrative skills to generations of medical practitioners, healthcare workers and scientists whose primary responsibility is community health. ABU DLC Student

and efficiently use health resources for optimum impact on the health status of the population. The Masters of Public Health (MPH) degree program has been developed to impart management and administrative skills to generations of medical practitioners, healthcare workers and scientists whose primary responsibility is community health. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 38 2.1 THE MASTER IN PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMME 2.1.2. Goals and Objective The overall goal of the MPH course is to provide advanced instructions in public health for postgraduate students leading to an award of the higher degree of MPH, irrespective of gender, race, location and in flexible manner. The course is designed to orient health professionals to the application of their skills in solving community health problems and to assist in translating the information into public health programs so that they are capable of coping with the profound changes they will come across in their career. Emphasis will placed on sound and adequate theoretical knowledge and learning experiences for the acquisition of epidemiological techniques and management skills to solving community health problems. The course will provide a preparatory base in the general or specific areas of public health for health managers and health personnel in academic and nonacademic careers to assume leadership roles in public health in response to new environment challenges and needs of the country. At the end of the course, the graduate in MPH should have acquired a definite core of scientific knowledge, attitude and skills to be able to: i. Demonstrate a full understanding of the core disciplines of public health by their ability to function in leadership positions in public health agencies and in teaching positions related to public health. ii. Carry out health systems research and be able to analyse and utilise the research findings for policy and program formulation. iii.

understanding of the core disciplines of public health by their ability to function in leadership positions in public health agencies and in teaching positions related to public health. ii. Carry out health systems research and be able to analyse and utilise the research findings for policy and program formulation. iii. Appreciate the organisation and functioning of health care systems, particularly, the administrative and managerial mechanism for improving health care systems. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 39 iv. Use epidemiological methods to identify community health problems and use the information for planning, implementation and evaluation of health programs. v. Train and supervise other health workers in public health activities. 2.2 ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS: In line with the NUC BMAS candidates with a basic professional degree in Medicine from the Ahmadu Bello University or other recognised universities are to be considered primarily. Where vacancy exists, professionals in related disciplines such as Dentistry, Pharmacy, Nursing, Environmental Health, Veterinary Medicine, Physiology, Microbiology, Health Education, Public Health, Human Anatomy, Pharmacology and Biochemistry will be considered. 2.3 DEPLOYMENT OF MPH PROGRAMME IN THE ABU DLC  Stages Distance learning delivery in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: a. Online Application by the prospective student/ Change in application status. b. Provisional admission by the Academic and Professional Board. c. Online Registration by students on the DLC Portal. d. Appointment of Academic advisers to Liaison Offices and Tutors attached to students e. Matriculation and Orientation (Zaria and or at the Liaison Offices). f. Confirmation of admission and supervisor by DLC Academic Board. g. Course work. h. Project work and presentations. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 40 i. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. j. Submission of Examination result to Senate via Standing Committee or SPGS Board (for Undergraduate and Postgraduate programmes; Diploma results to

and supervisor by DLC Academic Board. g. Course work. h. Project work and presentations. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 40 i. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. j. Submission of Examination result to Senate via Standing Committee or SPGS Board (for Undergraduate and Postgraduate programmes; Diploma results to relevant Academic and Professional Boards). k. Senate/Professional & Academic Board approval of results. l. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4 APPLICATION PROCEDURES (WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES) Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng).This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N10,000 per course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment(scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24 Credit Unit while minimum is 09 Credit Unit. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 41 DEFERMENT: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment application is abudlc-edu.ng 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N5000 per course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be made at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N3,000 per course is paid. C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after

transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be made at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N3,000 per course is paid. C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester/ session. 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N10,000 deferment of semester and N20,000 deferment of entire session 3. Ditto D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N10,000 course payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/Examination rectification to be in Account: Distance Learning Centre. ABU, Zaria. First Bank: 3106354369 ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 42 2.4.1 At ABU Distance Learning Centre You Are Assured Of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): 1. Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. 2. You are at liberty to join us in the 1st or 2nd semester – whichever is more convenient for you. 3. Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. 4. ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos and Port Harcourt Gombe and Sokoto, you are thus at liberty to select your examination

for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. 4. ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos and Port Harcourt Gombe and Sokoto, you are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. 5. Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. 6. You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. 7. You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e- copies, Audio and videos). 8. On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 43 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students after completion of studies: i. Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. ii. On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: i. Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). ii. You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. iii. You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: i. ABU DLC

earning a degree. iii. You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: i. ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. ii. Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: i. Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. ii. Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 44 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: i. Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. ii. Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e-tutors shall be made available to you. iii. Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Lagos and Abuja. iv. Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them

campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition”: This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership”: This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 45 i. Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. ii. Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: i. To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt and Gombe, Kaduna, Kano and Sokoto. ii. Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. iii. A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. 12. Our programmes can be

offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt and Gombe, Kaduna, Kano and Sokoto. ii. Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. iii. A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Undergraduate or Postgraduate programmes: Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you.  For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng 2.4.2 Duration of Programmes Fulltime MPH programme shall be for a minimum period of 24 months (4 semesters) and a maximum of 36 months (6 semesters). 2.4.3 Graduation Requirements and Course Structure 1. To be eligible to sit for the qualifying examination, each student must complete 75% attendance in all courses and produce a certain set of class work and assignments as may be prescribed. Continuous assessment will form 40% of the final marks. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 46 2. Each student is expected to pass a comprehensive examination at the end of the second semester in all the prescribed courses. To be eligible to undertake the three months project, a candidate must pass all parts of the examination with an average of at least 50%. 3. Each eligible student must submit an acceptable project and successfully defend it during the viva voce at the end of 24 months. 4. All other requirements of Ahmadu Bello University. 2.4.4 Grading and Classification of Degree Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) Class of Degree 4.50 – 5.00 2.40 – 4.49 Below 2.40 Distinction Pass Fail 2.4.5 Courses Structure Deciding to pursue a degree in public health says a lot about your desire and

All other requirements of Ahmadu Bello University. 2.4.4 Grading and Classification of Degree Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) Class of Degree 4.50 – 5.00 2.40 – 4.49 Below 2.40 Distinction Pass Fail 2.4.5 Courses Structure Deciding to pursue a degree in public health says a lot about your desire and intentions to be a helpful member of your community. It takes a strong and dedicated person to play an influential role in the health of others, which is why pursuing a degree in this field can be a rewarding, fulfilling and enjoyable choice. When you are seeking specialty programs for your degree, you should always consider your greater purpose for pursuing the field of public health, so that you can have a career that makes a difference for others while helping you meet your own personal goals. The aim of the course is to cover disciplines and skills needed by those who will take on new responsibilities in management, planning and preventive community medicine in addition to other curative duties. In line with the Ahmadu Bello University and NUC guidelines for postgraduate studies, all students are to offer core departmental courses; specialisation courses as well as electives (as dictated by the specific nature of their project research). The courses are ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 47 of three categories: Core courses, Specialty Courses and Elective Courses. All are to be offered in four semesters. Core Courses All MPH students irrespective of their specialisation are to offer the underlisted core courses and these include: 1. Basic Epidemiology 3 Credit Units 2. Principles of Health Communication and Learning 3 Credit Units 3. Behavioural Science 3 Credit Units 4. Health Statistics and Computing 3 Credit Units 5. Advanced Computer Applications 3 Credit Units 6. Research Methodology 3 Credit Units 7. Primary Health Care

and these include: 1. Basic Epidemiology 3 Credit Units 2. Principles of Health Communication and Learning 3 Credit Units 3. Behavioural Science 3 Credit Units 4. Health Statistics and Computing 3 Credit Units 5. Advanced Computer Applications 3 Credit Units 6. Research Methodology 3 Credit Units 7. Primary Health Care and Principles of Management 3 Credit Units 8. Introduction to Public Health 3 Credit Units 9. Seminar 3 Credit Units 10. Research/Project I & II 3 Credit Units 2.5 PROGRAMME SPECIALISATIONS The MPH programme is being tracked into specialty courses. Students will take all the earlier mentioned core courses and also offer all courses in their chosen specialisation as listed under the corresponding specialisation. The speciality courses are described in detail under each speciality. Each candidate will choose the specialty of their choice and in addition to the core courses, they will take specialty courses of their chosen area of specialisaton. In addition, student will also undertake project in their chosen specialty. The specialties are: i. Environmental and Occupational Health ii. Epidemiology iii. Health Promotion and Prevention ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 48 Elective Courses These courses are offered under the different specialties and candidates are free to choose from whichever specialty they wish Occasionally, courses offered by other departments/faculties maybe offered as electives if relevant to the student’s research area. In line with ABU postgraduate requirements however, electives must not exceed 25% of the total credit load offered by the student. 3.0 MPH CORE COURSES DESCRIPTION Core Courses for All Specialisatons Couse Title S/N COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CREDIT UNIT 1 COMM 801 Basic Epidemiology 3 2 COMM 802 Principles of Health Communication and Learning 3 3 COMM 837 Behavioural Science 3 4 COMM 839 Health Statistics and Computing 3 5 COMM 804 Advanced Computer Applications 3 6 COMM

All Specialisatons Couse Title S/N COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CREDIT UNIT 1 COMM 801 Basic Epidemiology 3 2 COMM 802 Principles of Health Communication and Learning 3 3 COMM 837 Behavioural Science 3 4 COMM 839 Health Statistics and Computing 3 5 COMM 804 Advanced Computer Applications 3 6 COMM 803 Research Methodology 3 7 COMM 834 Primary Health Care and Principles of Management 3 8 COMM 813 Introduction to Public Health 3 9 COMM 891/891 Research Project I & II 3 10 COMM 881/882 Seminar 3 11 COMM 870 Practicum 2 3.1 INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC HEALTH Public health is “the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organised efforts and informed choices of society, organisations, public ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 49 and private communities, and individuals.” - CEA Winslow. This course will introduce students to public health, public health core functions and essential services presenting its historical development, main theoretical perspectives, the social determinants of health, biological, personal, cultural and personal influences of health and diseases. The course is designed to provide students with an understanding of and appreciation for population approaches to improving the health of our nation and the world, as well as knowledge of various career paths in public health. The structure of the primary healthcare in Nigeria will also be discussed extensively as well as the traditional health system and its role in the healthcare of Nigeria. The course is aimed at all MPH students from all disciplinary backgrounds seeking to deepen their knowledge about public health. 3.2 BASIC EPIDEMIOLOGY The course will introduce students to the basic principles of epidemiology including distribution and determinants of health related states and events. It introduces the basic principles of surveillance, conducting basic analysis of disease frequency and distribution, conducting disease

backgrounds seeking to deepen their knowledge about public health. 3.2 BASIC EPIDEMIOLOGY The course will introduce students to the basic principles of epidemiology including distribution and determinants of health related states and events. It introduces the basic principles of surveillance, conducting basic analysis of disease frequency and distribution, conducting disease surveillance and establishing measures for prevention, treatment and control of diseases. 3.3 PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION AND LEARNING Health communication and learning is the study and use of communication and learning strategies to inform and influence individual decisions to enhance health. The course aims at strengthening the skills of students in learning and communicating lucidly, using multimedia and other resources in carrying out health promotion, both at the individual and community levels. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 50 This course would expose the students to the several/different concepts, processes and theories of learning and their application to promote health and improve quality of life. Learning is the relatively permanent change in behaviour that comes about as a result of experience or practice. Both health promoting and health threatening behaviours can be learnt. Patients can learn healthy behaviours in order to improve their diagnosis or promote health by applying principles of learning. 3.4 Behavioural Science This course will consider psychological factors involved in the area of health and disease from the theoretical perspective of social psychology as they relate to behavioural change. It will discuss psychological research methods in their application to health. Students will examine health-related behaviours, such as coping with disease and pain, attitude to medical advice, exercise, sexual practices, alcohol use, smoking, diet, drug abuse and injury prevention and the future challenges facing psychology in relationship to health will be outlined. 3.5 Health Statistics and Computing This course covers maintenance, compilation, analysis, and presentation of healthcare statistics and

with disease and pain, attitude to medical advice, exercise, sexual practices, alcohol use, smoking, diet, drug abuse and injury prevention and the future challenges facing psychology in relationship to health will be outlined. 3.5 Health Statistics and Computing This course covers maintenance, compilation, analysis, and presentation of healthcare statistics and research protocols and techniques. Topics include basic statistical principles and research, indices, registries, descriptive statistics, databases, vital statistics, research protocol monitoring, knowledge based research techniques and Institutional Review Board processes. Upon completion, students will be able to interpret, apply and present healthcare statistics and utilise research techniques to gather and interpret healthcare data. 3.6 Advanced Computer Applications This course examines the various computer skills required for conducting a scientific research. Students will be introduced to the various computer applications that are important for all ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 51 public health activities including and especially research. Students will be exposed to the various software for data entry, analysis and referencing .E.g. STATA, EPI INFO, SPSS, Web 2.0, web miming and Endnote. Activities created to help students practice skills in analysis and presentation of results with graphics. These are suited for students with higher level computer experience. 3.7 Research Methodology This course introduces the principles of basic and applied research to students and prepare them for their fieldwork. It also equips health managers with the relevant information they need to make decisions on health-related problems they are facing.The course teaches the techniques, practice and new directions for research project management; and gives practical experience with approaches to achieving successful project performance. Students will use practicals and group work to learn the application of practice project management to health research. The course will also introduce the student to the art of grant proposal writing, and the characteristics of good or poor

and gives practical experience with approaches to achieving successful project performance. Students will use practicals and group work to learn the application of practice project management to health research. The course will also introduce the student to the art of grant proposal writing, and the characteristics of good or poor grant proposal and top reasons why grant proposals may or may not get funded. 3.8 Primary Health Care and Principles of Management This course provides students with the basic concept of primary health care by focusing on issues in Public Health and Primary Health. The objective of this course is for the students to be able to understand the philosophies that underpin the primary health practice, understand the socio-political environments in which care is delivered and further develop transferable management and communication skills. 3.9 Seminar This aspect of the program will be compulsory for all Masters in Public Health (MPH) students. It will deal with real, vital public health issues. Critical analysis of recent research studies related ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 52 to contemporary issues/problems in Public Health involved in conducting and publishing research are to be discussed. The approach would be a systematic review of published papers on a specific contemporary public health issue of the student’s choice and the presentation would take the form of critiquing of a paper. The student would be guide through as they acquire this skill. 3.10 Research Project I &II This course provides students with an opportunity to undertake a public health research project, on a public health topic of their choice, by collecting data and analysing, presenting and writing up their research results. 4.0 SPECIALISATION COURSES 4.1 MPH ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Specialisation Description This specialisation introduces students to Environmental and Occupational Health. It covers recognition, control, and regulation of safety

research project, on a public health topic of their choice, by collecting data and analysing, presenting and writing up their research results. 4.0 SPECIALISATION COURSES 4.1 MPH ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Specialisation Description This specialisation introduces students to Environmental and Occupational Health. It covers recognition, control, and regulation of safety hazards in the workplace. Topics include accident investigation, Workers Compensation, record keeping, training, machine guarding, facilities, personal protection, and fire protection. Upon completion, students should be able to recognise safety hazards and recommend strategies for remediation and compliance. Expected Competences a) To be able to describe and analyse contemporary issues in environmental and Occupational Health b) To be able to identify, monitor and control risk associated with different workplace environment c) To understand the existing policies and legislations in occupational and environmental health d) To be able to conduct research on water, sanitation and hygiene issues ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 53 e) Understand and analyse the trends in global climate change, its resulting effect and response. f) To be able to discuss contemporary issues in climate change and the global approach to it including Health policy g) Identify the common pathogens responsible for common food poisoning and water-related diseases. h) Understand the basics of GIS and its application to Public Health i) Identify and describe the common pollutants of the environment and ways of controlling them. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 54 Core Courses for Mph Environmental And Occupational Health S/N COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CREDIT UNIT 1 COMM 805 Contemporary Issues in Environmental and Occupational Health 2 2 COMM 807 Environmental & Occupational Health Hazards, Injury Prevention and Control 3 3 COMM 808 Risk Assessment and Safety Program Management 3 4 COMM 806 Environmental and Occupational Health Practice, Policy and Legislation 3 5 COMM 843 Toxicology and Approaches

805 Contemporary Issues in Environmental and Occupational Health 2 2 COMM 807 Environmental & Occupational Health Hazards, Injury Prevention and Control 3 3 COMM 808 Risk Assessment and Safety Program Management 3 4 COMM 806 Environmental and Occupational Health Practice, Policy and Legislation 3 5 COMM 843 Toxicology and Approaches to Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Research 3 6 COMM 836 Global Climate Change: Health Impacts and Response 2 7 COMM 835 GIS and Satellite Remote Sensing of the Environment and its Applications to Public Health 3 8 COMM 845 Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology 3  ELECTIVE S/N COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CREDIT UNIT 1 COMM 809 Environmental Microbiology: Food, Water and Airborne Diseases 3 ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 55 5.0 MPH ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATORY HEALTH COURSE DESCRIPTION 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Contemporary Issues in Environmental and Occupational Health This course focuses on the information needed to be able to describe and analyse contemporary issues in Environmental and Occupational Health. These include Climate change, Urban Housing, Pollutions, Bio-fuel, Occupational Cancers, Occupational Legislations, Emerging Occupational Diseases, HIV/AIDS In the workplace and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders. 5.1.2 Environmental & Occupational Health Hazards, Injury Prevention and Control This course will expose students to be able to identify, prevent, control and manage environmental and occupational health hazards and also measures to be taken in order to prevent and control injuries in the environment and workplace. Topic areas include Physical, Biological, Chemical, Social, Psychological and Mechanical Hazards, Hazards identification as well as Injury Control Measures. 5.1.3 Risk Assessment and Safety Program Management This course is a study of Risk Assessment, and the content includes Definition of Risks, Types of Risks, Practical Risk Assessment Tools in a company, Overview on effects of chemical, biological, physical exposure to risks and Risk Assessment Methods in order to enable students identify,

Assessment and Safety Program Management This course is a study of Risk Assessment, and the content includes Definition of Risks, Types of Risks, Practical Risk Assessment Tools in a company, Overview on effects of chemical, biological, physical exposure to risks and Risk Assessment Methods in order to enable students identify, monitor and control risk associated with different workplace environment. 5.1.4 Environmental and Occupational Health Practice, Policy and Legislation This course will provide an understanding into the existing policies and legislations in occupational and environmental ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 56 health to be able describe core elements and design and manage health prevention and health promotion in a company. Applying international codes of conduct and international conventions for the practice of occupational health by using the internet and other open resources to find information and improve the quality of professional work in occupational health. Topics to be explored include, Principles of exposure evaluation and assessment, Principles of injury and accident investigation and preventive programme, Introduction to Psychosocial factors and work organisation, Introduction to ergonomic workplace design. Legislation on Land Degradation, Oil Spillage, Deforestation, environmental conservation and biodiversity, Gas flaring, Housing code, standards and edicts, Housing Policy, Environmental impact assessment act, Labour laws, Factory Laws, Workman's Compensation laws. 5.1.5 Toxicology and Approaches to Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Research Identify the existing and new forms of potential toxins being introduced in the environment and workplace. 5.1.6 Global Climate Change: Health Impacts and Response This course will enable students understand and analyse the trends in global climate change, its resulting effect and response. 5.1.7 Geographic Information Systems and Satellite Remote Sensing of the Environment and its Applications to Public Health Introduction to the basics of GIS and satellite remote sensing of the environment and its applications to Public Health. ABU DLC Student Handbook

trends in global climate change, its resulting effect and response. 5.1.7 Geographic Information Systems and Satellite Remote Sensing of the Environment and its Applications to Public Health Introduction to the basics of GIS and satellite remote sensing of the environment and its applications to Public Health. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 57 5.1.8 Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology Students who take this course would have basic and advanced training in epidemiology, have understanding and skills needed to assess the effects of environmental/ occupational agents on health. Have expertise in exposure measurements, including the ability to interpret, sampling results, have understanding of the strengths and limitations of different environmental epidemiologic study designs. Contents of this course includes Epidemiology of air pollution, asthma, cardiovascular diseases, Gene-environment interactions and the toxicity of metals and pesticides in children, workers and other adults, Effects of pesticides on humans, Male reproductive toxicity, Arsenic and bladder cancer, Dioxin Pollution and exposure, Occupational and other risk factors for cancer of the lungs, breast, upper GIT, liver and pancreas, Climate change and heat-associated morbidity, Environmental influences on patterns of infectious diseases, exposures to phthalates, asbestos etc. 5.1.9 Environmental Microbiology: Food, Water and Airborne Diseases This is the study of pathogens responsible for common food poisoning and water-related diseases. 6.0 MPH ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COURSE CONTENT This course covers the following: a) Climate change, Urban Housing, Pollutions, Bio-fuel, Occupational Cancers, Occupational Legislations, Emerging Occupational Diseases, Sickness In the workplace, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders b) Physical, Biological, Chemical, Social, Psychological and Mechanical Hazards. c) Elements of Health and Safety Program Management: 1. Management commitment and employee involvement. 2. Worksite analysis. 3. Hazard Prevention and control. 4. Safety and Health Training. Health and safety ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 58 Program management Guidelines in general industries, Shipyards, Marine Terminals. Programme elements such as

Hazards. c) Elements of Health and Safety Program Management: 1. Management commitment and employee involvement. 2. Worksite analysis. 3. Hazard Prevention and control. 4. Safety and Health Training. Health and safety ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 58 Program management Guidelines in general industries, Shipyards, Marine Terminals. Programme elements such as applied safety and Health management practice. d) Definition of Risks, Types of Risks and Risk Assessment methods e) 1. Epidemiology of air pollution, asthma, cardiovascular diseases, 2. Gene-environment interactions and the toxicity of metals and pesticides in children, workers and other adults 3.Effects of pesticides on humans 4. Pollution and exposure 5. Occupational and other risk factors for cancer 6. Environmental influences on patterns of infectious diseases, exposures to phthalates, asbestos etc. f) 1. Hazards identification, Risk assessment and control. 2. Overview on effects of chemical, biological, physical exposure to risks. 3. Principles of exposure evaluation and assessment 4. Principles of injury and accident investigation and preventive programme 5. Introduction to psychosocial factors and work organisation 6. Practical risk assessment tools in a company. 7. Introduction to ergonomic workplace design. g) Legislation on Land Degradation, Oil Spillage, Deforestation, environmental conservation and biodiversity, Gas Flaring, Housing code, standards and edicts, Housing Policy, Environmental impact assessment act, Labour laws, Factory Laws, Workman’s Compensation laws. h) Identify the common pathogens responsible for common food poisoning and water-related diseases. i) Understand the basics of GIS and its application to Public Health. j) Identify and describe the common pollutants of the environment and ways of controlling them. k) Understand climate change and the effects of climate change on humans and the environment as well as world climate change policies. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 59 Teaching Method Online lectures via the Learning Management System (LMS), seminars, case study and practical exercises, forum discussions, out of

controlling them. k) Understand climate change and the effects of climate change on humans and the environment as well as world climate change policies. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 59 Teaching Method Online lectures via the Learning Management System (LMS), seminars, case study and practical exercises, forum discussions, out of class activities, group and individual assignments and also practical exercises. Resources  Computers,  Courseware in hardcopy and pdfs,  Online videos and animations,  Open Educational Resources (OERs),  Projector (For tutorials),  Audio recordings,  Journals and textbooks,  Research materials from WHO and ILO databases,  Self-study,  Data from health facilities/national data (Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) & Federal Ministry of Industries Labour and Productivity) Assessment Methods Several methods of assessment shall be used, these will include practical exercises, group and individual assignments, forum discussions and quizzes. There will also be out of class activities, forum discussions and tests. These will include practical exercises, assignments and tests. A final in-class examination will be administered at the end of the course. 7.0 MPH EPIDEMIOLOGY Specialisation Description The Epidemiology specialisation focuses on the scientific understanding of the causes, distribution, control, and prevention of disease in populations. This programme aims to prepare students to become effective investigators involved in ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 60 data collection, study design, analysis and interpretation of population- and clinically-based research.Students enrolled in the epidemiology specialisation are required to take advanced level training in non-communicable and infectious disease epidemiology and research design. Upon completion of the MPH degree, students will be prepared to begin careers on epidemiology research teams in government, institutes, universities or industry. Expected Competences a) Apply public health research to promote positive social change concerning the health of diverse populations. b) Evaluate and apply population-based theories and strategies used in

completion of the MPH degree, students will be prepared to begin careers on epidemiology research teams in government, institutes, universities or industry. Expected Competences a) Apply public health research to promote positive social change concerning the health of diverse populations. b) Evaluate and apply population-based theories and strategies used in the prevention of disease and disability. c) Apply fiscal and organisational tenets to public health program leadership. d) Utilise critical-thinking and assessment skills in order to analyse barriers, assess needs, and advance the knowledge and practice of public health. e) Engage in scientific inquiry that advances the knowledge base of research and practice in epidemiology. f) Plan and direct studies of public health problems to find ways to prevent and treat them if they arise. g) Demonstrate advanced competency in health informatics and surveillance techniques used in public health programs. h) Collect and analyse data through observations, interviews, and surveys, as well as find the causes of diseases or other health problems. i) Lead and inform professional communication, marketing, and public relations on key issues in public health. j) Apply epidemiologic concepts and analytical approaches to public health problems. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 61 Core Courses for Epidemiology S/N COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CREDIT UNIT 1 COMM 819 Infectious Diseases Epidemiology 3 2 COMM 821 Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology 3 3 COMM 818 Advanced Epidemiology 3 4 COMM 851 Clinical Epidemiology 3 5 COMM 844 Public Health Surveillance 3 6 COMM 811 Biostatistics I 3 7 COMM 845 Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology 3 7.1 MPH EPIDEMIOLOGY COURSE DESCRIPTION Infectious Diseases Epidemiology The course will focus on the key concepts of infectious diseases as well as methods used in infectious disease control as applied to public health. It will introduce the basic methods for infectious disease epidemiology and case studies of

Occupational Epidemiology 3 7.1 MPH EPIDEMIOLOGY COURSE DESCRIPTION Infectious Diseases Epidemiology The course will focus on the key concepts of infectious diseases as well as methods used in infectious disease control as applied to public health. It will introduce the basic methods for infectious disease epidemiology and case studies of important disease syndromes and entities. Methods include definitions and nomenclature, outbreak, investigations, disease surveillance, case control studies, cohort studies, laboratory diagnosis, molecular epidemiology, dynamics of transmission, and assessment of vaccine field effectiveness. Case studies focus on acute respiratory infections, diarrheal disease, hepatitis, HIV, tuberculosis, sexually transmitted diseases, malaria, ebola and other vector borne diseases. Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology This course teaches the key concepts and methods used in non- communicable disease control as applied to public health. The course will address the major non-communicable diseases (cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, diabetes, cancer) ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 62 and their risk factors (exercise, diet, alcohol, tobacco) which are responsible for considerable morbidity and premature adult mortality globally. This course is based on understanding and evidential basis for the cause Non-communicable diseases from epidemiology and biomedical studies, followed by detailed analysis of contemporary population health risk factors and the challenges they pose for population approaches to prevention and control of Non-Communicable disease. This course aims to provide students with the ability to critically evaluate evidence for causation and cost-effectiveness of Non-Communicable disease control in populations. The strengths, weaknesses and challenges of different population approaches to Non- communicable control, and their record of success and failures. Advanced Epidemiology This course is a study of more advanced methods of epidemiology. It seeks a more in depth understanding and application of analysis of measures used to calculate measures of association and impact. The course explores advanced epidemiological concepts and explores quantitative methods required for the

success and failures. Advanced Epidemiology This course is a study of more advanced methods of epidemiology. It seeks a more in depth understanding and application of analysis of measures used to calculate measures of association and impact. The course explores advanced epidemiological concepts and explores quantitative methods required for the interpretation and conduct of epidemiological studies. The aim of this course is to enable participants to understand a range of epidemiological concepts beyond those taught in introductory courses, to interpret advanced quantitative methods used in epidemiological studies, and to apply these methods in their own research. Clinical Epidemiology The course will focus on key concepts and applications of clinical epidemiology. It introduces key concepts of clinical outcomes research and evaluation of new technology or practice. The aim of this course is to provide students with the knowledge to evaluate and assess applied clinical research data analyses, and also provide sufficient scientific and methodological background information to actively participate in clinical studies. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 63 Public Health Surveillance Public Health Surveillance is a core public health function in understanding and monitoring population health. This course is a study of surveillance in the Nigerian setting as well as the international setting. The course covers the theory, data collection methods, data analysis techniques, and presentation strategies of the systematic, continuous analysis and interpretation of the population health data to inform planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. Students identify the different types of surveillance, and how each is applied and varied. Real world surveillance data is used to illustrate methods for analysis, and how surveillance data should be presented to different audiences. Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology Students who take this course would have basic and advanced training in epidemiology, have understanding and skills needed to assess the effects of

and varied. Real world surveillance data is used to illustrate methods for analysis, and how surveillance data should be presented to different audiences. Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology Students who take this course would have basic and advanced training in epidemiology, have understanding and skills needed to assess the effects of environmental/ occupational agents on health. Have expertise in exposure measurements, including the ability to interpret, sampling results, have understanding of the strengths and limitations of different environmental epidemiologic study designs. Contents of this course includes Epidemiology of air pollution, asthma, cardiovascular diseases, Gene-environment interactions and the toxicity of metals and pesticides in children, workers and other adults, Effects of pesticides on humans, Male reproductive toxicity, Arsenic and bladder cancer, Dioxin Pollution and exposure, Occupational and other risk factors for cancer of the lungs, breast, upper GIT, liver and pancreas, Climate change and heat-associated morbidity, Environmental influences on patterns of infectious diseases, exposures to phthalates, asbestos etc. Biostatistics I This course introduces students to biostatistics as a means of summarising data, coping with the variability of units within study populations, and making decisions in the face of ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 64 uncertainty. Emphasis will be placed on the practical application of these statistical techniques using real datasets and the rational interpretation of results, especially results generated by key statistical packages. Also how to distinguish clearly between descriptive and inferential statistics, qualitative and quantitative variables, discrete and continuous variables, symmetrical and skewed distributions, positively and negatively skewed distributions. How to construct a frequency table that includes class limits, class frequency, relative frequency and cumulative frequency, indicate appropriate types of graphs that can be used for displaying quantitative and qualitative data, distinguish which form of data presentation is appropriate for different situations, construct a histogram, frequency polygon, an Ogive, a bar

construct a frequency table that includes class limits, class frequency, relative frequency and cumulative frequency, indicate appropriate types of graphs that can be used for displaying quantitative and qualitative data, distinguish which form of data presentation is appropriate for different situations, construct a histogram, frequency polygon, an Ogive, a bar chart, and a box and whisker plot, interpret a frequency table distinguish among and interpret the various kinds of graphs, compute and distinguish between the uses of measures of central tendency: mean, median, and mode, compute and list some uses of measures of variation: range, variance, and standard deviation, compare sets of data by computing and comparing their coefficients of variation, select the correct equations for computing the mean and the standard deviation, be able to compute the mean and the standard deviation for grouped and ungrouped data and understand the distinction between the population mean and the sample mean. 7.2 MPH EPIDEMIOLOGY COURSE CONTENT a) Risk Descriptive Studies b) Analytical Studies Experimental Studies c) Foundations of Epidemiology d) Morbidity & Mortality Disease Triangle e) Emerging & Remerging Infectious Disease Epidemic Investigations f) Control & Prevention Population Statistics g) Risk Descriptive Studies h) Analytical Studies Experimental Studies ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 65 i) Public Health Surveillance j) Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology k) Social Aspects of Epidemiology Teaching Methods Online lectures via the Learning Management System (LMS), seminars, case study and practical exercises, forum discussions, out of class activities, group and individual assignments and also practical exercises. Resources • Computers, • Courseware in hardcopy and pdfs, • Online videos and animations, • Open Educational Resources (OERs), • Projector (For tutorials), • Audio recordings, • Journals and textbooks, • Research materials from WHO and ILO databases, • Self-study and group study, • Data from health facilities/national data and international data. Assessment

• Courseware in hardcopy and pdfs, • Online videos and animations, • Open Educational Resources (OERs), • Projector (For tutorials), • Audio recordings, • Journals and textbooks, • Research materials from WHO and ILO databases, • Self-study and group study, • Data from health facilities/national data and international data. Assessment Methods Several methods of assessment shall be used; this will include practical exercises, assignments, and quizzes. There will also be out of class activities, forum discussions and tests. A final in- class examination will be administered at the end of the course 8.0 HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTION Specialisation Description The MPH in Health Promotion and Prevention degree program is an exciting degree option for motivated public health professionals interested in making a difference in communities around the world. This specialisation helps students succeed in advancing the health of populations locally and globally. While ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 66 in this programme, candidates are expected to build on their personal communication skills, test their ability to analyse and critique current public health agendas, and show expertise in a field setting. The courses in this specialisation are designed to give you the real-world skills you need to address health inequity on a local, national, and global scale. Students will learn core public health methodology, leadership, and advocacy skills needed to improve population health equity. Expected Competencies At the end of this course you are expected to: a) Exhibit leadership skills and the ability to motivate and influence others in their health decision. b) Have understanding of public health and other related health issues. c) Empathy for people facing difficult situations. initiative and problem-solving ability. d) Critical thinking, oral and written communications. e) Teamwork/Collaboration. f) Identify the methods of health communication and health education. g) Understand information technology and its application in

decision. b) Have understanding of public health and other related health issues. c) Empathy for people facing difficult situations. initiative and problem-solving ability. d) Critical thinking, oral and written communications. e) Teamwork/Collaboration. f) Identify the methods of health communication and health education. g) Understand information technology and its application in health promotion. h) Identify the issues and concepts in school Health will feature in relation to school population functions and responsibilities of all stakeholders in the delivery of school health programme and services to concerned individuals who are ill at school. i) Social marketing strategies and its application in behavioural intervention. j) Identify the models of health and behaviour. k) Be able to identify good governance. Methods of strengthening governance and policies to make healthy choices accessible and affordable to all, and to create sustainable systems that make whole-of-society collaboration real. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 67 MPH Health Promotion and Prevention core Courses S/N COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CREDIT UNIT 1 COMM 864 Principles of Health Promotion and Education 3 2 COMM 865 Psychological Foundation of Health Behaviour and Change Process. 3 3 COMM 853 Media Strategies in Health Promotion 3 4 COMM 866 School Health Programme and Services 3 5 COMM 861 Group Dynamics & Community Mobilisation in Health Promotion 3 6 COMM 871 Training Methods in Health Promotion and Education 3 7 COMM 870 Practicum in Health Education 2 8 COMM 873 Health Programme Planning and Education 3 8.1 MPH HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTION COURSE DESCRIPTION Principles of Health Promotion and Education In recent times, emphasis has been placed on health promotion as the larger framework through which health education seeks to operate to optimise and influence the health of every person in the community. This course will examine the scope of health promotion as a global

of Health Promotion and Education In recent times, emphasis has been placed on health promotion as the larger framework through which health education seeks to operate to optimise and influence the health of every person in the community. This course will examine the scope of health promotion as a global social progress agenda for micro-level change in quality of life of community members. It will explore concepts of health and quality of life measures, models of health promotion research, practice, planning, and evaluation of health intervention programmes in the community. The course will attempt to contextualise in the Primary Health Care Scheme. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 68 Psychological Foundation of Health Behaviour and Change Process Behaviour is said to be very important in health and disease. This course views behaviour and any situation that generates behaviour as key to understanding health and disease. A brief review of basic neurophysiology of the central nervous system will be considered. The course focuses on the theories of individual behaviour and highlights the relationships between the various psychological variables, which form the basis of personality and on which lifestyles, and health practices as hinged. Specific health behavioural actions. Specific examples are cited so that the students will acquire a good understanding of behavioural mode-based intervention strategies. This course will also provide opportunity for students to examine the role of human behaviour at the individual, group, community and organisational levels in the ecology of health and diseases. Further, the students will become acquainted with types of change and apply and behavioural theories/models to the diagnosis of health-related behaviours at particularly individual level change. Media Strategies in Health Promotion The mass media is any written, printed, visual, electronic, audio visual media developed to reach mass audience and the public. Health promotion raises public awareness about

types of change and apply and behavioural theories/models to the diagnosis of health-related behaviours at particularly individual level change. Media Strategies in Health Promotion The mass media is any written, printed, visual, electronic, audio visual media developed to reach mass audience and the public. Health promotion raises public awareness about particular issues, and creates a climate of opinion and provides food for thought in a nurturing environment, which stresses the ill- effects of unhealthy behavior and the benefits of preventive behaviour. This course would enable student appreciate the application of media/communication theories and strategies. These are to be perceived as the process evolving from individual perception, language habits, and behaviour during interpersonal and social interaction, modern media strategies and communication. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 69 School Health Programme and Services A discussion of Topical issues and concepts in school Health will feature in relation to school population functions and responsibilities of all stakeholders in the delivery of school health programme and services to concerned individuals who are ill at school. Recognition of children’s health problems, treatment or referral protocol to the appropriate authority and an analysis of interrelationships in the overall school of Health programme and services delivery. Emphasis would be placed on the health promoting school concept. Group Dynamics & Community Mobilisation in Health Promotion The aim of the course is to strengthen the knowledge and skill of student in conducting social mobilisation.The course prepares the graduate student to work more effectively with groups by providing them with skills in leadership for facilitating community actions. All the theories and concepts will be learnt to understand group behaviour and the characteristics stages of their development. Knowledge gained in this course will further equip the student to conduct community need assessment and assist the community in resources linkage to sustain

skills in leadership for facilitating community actions. All the theories and concepts will be learnt to understand group behaviour and the characteristics stages of their development. Knowledge gained in this course will further equip the student to conduct community need assessment and assist the community in resources linkage to sustain community projects. Training Methods in Health Promotion and Education This course will equip the student with the skills as trainers to design and implement innovative programs in agency settings for personnel development. Different approaches to training will be reviewed, including needs assessment, curriculum development and training logistics. Evaluation of various government and private training and teaching programmes and their pedagogical element will be reviewed. Students would have opportunity to organise actual training program. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 70 Praticum Opportunity for Students to practically apply the knowledge and skills they have acquired in their respective specialisations, students will be posted to approved ministries of health and/or primary health care agencies. Health Programme Planning and Education The course is intended to prepare students to organise health programmes that meet specific and identifies community needs. Skills include setting goals and objectives, selecting appropriate strategies, assessing and evaluating outcomes of interventions and mobilising internal and external. Teaching Methods Online lectures via the Learning Management System (LMS), seminars, case study and practical exercises, forum discussions, self-study, out of class activities, group and individual assignments and also practical exercises. Lecture, group discussion, case scenarios, videos, evidence-based review and policy brief. The material for this course is presented in lecture/discussion format and may include guest speakers, case studies, out of class projects, and debates. Course participants are expected to read the required readings prior to the assigned class time and be prepared to discuss and integrate the information. Resources • Computers, • Courseware in hardcopy

course is presented in lecture/discussion format and may include guest speakers, case studies, out of class projects, and debates. Course participants are expected to read the required readings prior to the assigned class time and be prepared to discuss and integrate the information. Resources • Computers, • Courseware in hardcopy and pdfs, • Online videos and animations, • Open Educational Resources (OERs), • Projector (For tutorials), • Audio recordings, • Journals and textbooks, • Data from WHO and other databases • Self-study and group study, ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 71 • Data from health facilities/national data and international data. Assessment Methods Several methods of assessment shall be used, these will include practical exercises, short question/essay style continuous assessments, assignments, and quizzes. There will also be out of class activities, forum discussions and tests. A final in-class examination will be administered at the end of the course. PROGRAMME TIME TABLE First Semester (FIRST SESSION) Course Code Course Title Cre dit Unit Core/Ele ctive COMM 813 Introduction to Public Health 3 Core (Gen.) COMM 801 Basic Epidemiology 3 Core (Gen.) COMM 803 Research Methodology 3 Core (Gen.) ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COMM 805 Contemporary issues in Occupational and Environmental Health 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 807 Environmental and Occupational Health Hazards, Injury Prevention and Control 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 843 Toxicology and Approaches to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Research 3 Core (Spec.) EPIDEMIOLOGY COMM 811 Biostatistics I 3 Core (Spec.) ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 72 Second Semester (FIRST SESSION) Course Code Course Title Credit Unit Core/Elective COMM 802 Principles of Health Communication and Learning 3 Core (Gen.) COMM 804 Advanced Computer Applications 3 Core (Gen.) COMM 834 Primary Health Care and Principles of Management 3 Core (Gen.) ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COMM 806 Environmental and Occupational Health Practice, Policy and Legislation

Course Title Credit Unit Core/Elective COMM 802 Principles of Health Communication and Learning 3 Core (Gen.) COMM 804 Advanced Computer Applications 3 Core (Gen.) COMM 834 Primary Health Care and Principles of Management 3 Core (Gen.) ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COMM 806 Environmental and Occupational Health Practice, Policy and Legislation 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 808 Risk Assessment and Safety Programme Management 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 819 Infectious Disease Epidemiology 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 821 Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology 3 Core (Spec.) HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTION COMM 871 Training Methods in Health Promotion and Education 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 865 Psychological Foundation of Health Behaviour and Change Process 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 861 Group Dynamics & Community Mobilisation in Health Promotion 3 Core (Spec.) ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 73 COMM 836 Global Climate Change: Health Impact and Response 3 Core (Spec.) EPIDEMIOLOGY COMM 818 Advanced Epidemiology 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 844 Public Health Surveillance 3 Core (Spec.) HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTION COMM 864 Principles of Health Promotion and Education 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 866 School Health Programme and Services 3 Core (Spec.) First Semester (SECOND SESSION) Course Code Course Title Credit Unit Core/Electiv e COMM 837 Behavioural Science 3 Core (Gen.) COMM 839 Health Statistics and Computing 3 Core (Gen.) COMM 891 Research Project 6 Core (Gen.) ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH COMM 835 GIS and Satellite Remote Sensing of the Environment and its Application to Public Health 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 809 Environmental Microbiology: Food, Water and Air Borne Diseases 3 Elective (Spec.) ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 74 COMM 845 Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology 3 Core (Spec.) EPIDEMIOLOGY COMM 851 Clinical Epidemiology 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 845 Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology 3 Core (Spec.) HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTION COMM 853 Media Strategies in Health Promotion 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 892

Elective (Spec.) ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 74 COMM 845 Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology 3 Core (Spec.) EPIDEMIOLOGY COMM 851 Clinical Epidemiology 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 845 Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology 3 Core (Spec.) HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTION COMM 853 Media Strategies in Health Promotion 3 Core (Spec.) COMM 892 Research Project II 3 Core (Gen.) Course Code Course Title Credit Unit Core/Elective COMM 881/882 Seminar 2 Core (Gen.) COMM 870 Practicum 2 Core (Spec.) Second Semester (SECOND SESSION) ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 75 APPENDIX EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PREAMBLE The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. 1.2 DLC LAW AND STATUTE The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR DLC EXAMINATION POLICY 1. The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations ABU

has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 76 shall be supervised examinations as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 NIGERIAN STUDENTS Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement

(less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 77 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. 4.0 ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in

Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 78 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three (3) semester in every session. 4. Examination timelines: a. All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e-tutors within four weeks of the semester. b. All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c. All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d. A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider

two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 79 recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour after the examination has started shall not

6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour after the examination has started shall not be allowed to ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 80 participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is

examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 81 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment. 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to

duly apply for such deferment. 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 82 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESIS MANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the

compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 83 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 84 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 OFFENCE BY STUDENTS (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: i. Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination. ii. Introduction of relevant foreign

STUDENTS (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: i. Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination. ii. Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. iii. Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. iv. Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. v. Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. vi. Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. vii. Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. viii. Willful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. ix. Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. x. Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session i. Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 85 ii. Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. iii. Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) iv. If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. v. Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. vi. Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations vii. Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. (C) Written Warning The following

v. Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. vi. Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations vii. Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. 11.2 OFFENCES INVOLVING STAFF i. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. ii. Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. ABU DLC Student Handbook (MPH) 86 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS i. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. ii. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. iii. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). iv. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. v. Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Scripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

of their results for a fee. v. Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Scripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook i AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY DISTANCE LEARNING STUDENT HANDBOOK Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook ii © 2023 Distance Learning Centre, ABU Zaria, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the Director, Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. First published 2018 Published and Printed by Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tel: 08065949711 abupress@abu.edu.ng info@abupress.com.ng Website: www.abupress.com.ng ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook iii FOREWORD Whereas the Distance Learning Centre Prospectus covers all aspects of the Distance Learning delivery in Ahmadu Bello University, the DLC Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook is designed to give you an overview of the Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) by Distance Learning in the Ahmadu Bello University. A Handbook of this nature is a must read for you. It provides useful information on the nature, orientation and scope of the Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) programme as well as highlights the uniqueness of this delivery modality. As you opt for the distance learning mode to acquire a Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE), we shall strive to make your learning experience a memorable one. I urge you to commit, discipline and submit yourself to the demand of distance education. This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time.

entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook iv CONTENTS Copyright page … … … … … ii Foreword … … … … … … iii Table of Contents … … … … … iv PART 1: General Information ... ... ... 1 1.1 Principal Officers of the University ... ... 3 1.2 Visitor, Principal Officers, Deans and Directors ... 4 1.5 Historical Perspective ... ... ... ... 6 1.6 Zaria. ... ... ... ... ... ... 8 1.7 Philosophy and Objectives of the University ... 9 1.8 University Administration ... ... ... 10 1.9 Faculties, Institutes, Centres and Schools ... ... 11 1.10 Academic Programmes … … … … PART 2 Distance Learning Centre ... ... ... 14 2.1 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 14 2.3 Distance Learning Centre ... ... … 16 2.4 Administration ... ... ... … … 16 2.5 Distance Learning Centre Academic Calendar … 17 2.6 Programmes for Distance Learning Delivery … 19 2.7 Deployment of Distance Learning Programmes ... 20 2.8 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery … 21 2.9 ICT Infrastructure … … … … … 23 2.10 Studying as a Distance Learner … … … 23 2.11 Waiver and Deferment Guidelines … … 31 PART 3 Postgraduate Diploma in Education … 37 3.1 Overview … … … … …

ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery … 21 2.9 ICT Infrastructure … … … … … 23 2.10 Studying as a Distance Learner … … … 23 2.11 Waiver and Deferment Guidelines … … 31 PART 3 Postgraduate Diploma in Education … 37 3.1 Overview … … … … … … 38 3.2 Objectives of Programme … … … … 39 3.3 Admission Requirements … … … … 41 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 58 ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook 1 PART I GENERAL INFORMATION ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook 2 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook 3 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Malam Adamu Fika, CFR Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Danladi A. Ameh Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook 4 1.2 VISITOR, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEANS AND DIRECTORS Visitor: Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vic- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar:

of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vic- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar Farouq Yaya Director, Directorate of University Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook 5 Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management &

Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook 5 Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law: Dr. Salim Bashir Magashi Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU

Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook 6 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded in Samaru, Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more

college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook 7 The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institutionhas since inception been under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (1975- 1978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (1986- 1991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991-1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004-2009), Professor Abdullahi Mustapha (2009-2015), Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Prof.essor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes,

its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental re- organisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook 8 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also

of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook 9 Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook 10 required and expected of a university of the highest standing,

4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook 10 required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. The University Senate building ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook 11 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17.

Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook 12 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook 13 PART II DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook 14 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th

Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook 14 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus-based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional income by means of enrolling

well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional income by means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook 15 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and e- Learning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading

on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and e- Learning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook 16 E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook 17 Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional

Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three ABU Distance Learning Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Student Handbook 17 Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. 18 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferments ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 19 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. International Studies, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and

The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. International Studies, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 20 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering

of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 21 Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies

component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of relevant Discussion questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 22 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student- student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library

is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student- student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common room. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 23 The Liaison Offices shall be administered by an Administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will be working through specially prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study

situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills that would assist you in studying independently. A. Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 24 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to read

You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to read between the lines and beyond the lines; 5. You must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and iv. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. v. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 25 iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write well by imitating good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are reading. Therefore,

widely. iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are reading. Therefore, you need the skill of note taking and note making. When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; 3. be consistent in note taking; 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will make study more appropriate and effective such as: ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 26 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while

Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while you are studying because notes may not be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing, drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 27 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. i. Start early To

you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. i. Start early To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact your first day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand- outs or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials to learn for examinations. v. Revise Revise for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for.

or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 28 vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You are learning the facts for the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You

down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 29 E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue

on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 30 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well-focused conclusion. 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. Don'ts 1. Do not write

conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well-focused conclusion. 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 31 During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not

or underlined to show that they are important. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 31 During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. i. Read and fully understand the examination regulations ii.. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver

may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 32 This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment application is abudlc- edu.com 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be forwarded at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 33 D.

A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . 1. Ditto 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 33 D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester – whichever is more convenient for you. - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. - Students

ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 34 - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of

You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 35 - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e-tutors shall be made available to you. - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors

on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 36 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also

of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 37 PART III Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 38 3.1 OVERVIEW The Distance Learning Centre (DLC) has established academic requirements that apply to all students working towards a Postgraduate Diploma in Education that are consistent with the standards set by the National University Commission (NUC). These requirements reflect the Centre’s commitment to a broad-based quality education. The main components of this programme are: (a) Core Curricular; in which students concentrate their studies and receive degrees. (b) Electives; which permit students to take courses of their own choice in consultation with their academic advisors. 3.1.1 Background of the Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) The Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) programme originated from a decision taken by the Senate of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria in 1991 when the Senate concluded that there was need to train its lecturers on teaching methods. The Senate therefore mandated the Institute of Education of the University to design and implement a suitable programme. That marked the cradle of several years of efforts, researches, field trials and

University, Zaria in 1991 when the Senate concluded that there was need to train its lecturers on teaching methods. The Senate therefore mandated the Institute of Education of the University to design and implement a suitable programme. That marked the cradle of several years of efforts, researches, field trials and current success of the PGDE as a national programme. In the process of reviewing the PGDE, the technical consultants, Deans and Directors of Faculties and Institutions of Education brought to the fore the need for TRCN to develop a National Minimum Standards for the Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE). The stakeholders noted that the National University Commission has so far not considered the PGDE as part of its statutory concerns. As such, the PGDE has come under the necessary national standardization over the years. The responsibility therefore falls on TRCN to set and monitor the PGDE standards for the good of the teaching profession in Nigeria. The good news is that TRCN has accomplished the dream of stakeholders which called for a national benchmark ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 39 for the PGDE. Therefore, in 2011, TRCN working with the Committee of Deans of Faculties of Education in Nigerian universities and other stakeholders developed a National Benchmark for the PGDE. 3.1.2 Features of the Programme The PGDE is developed along current trends in quality teacher education. The features of the PGDE therefore include, among others that it: i. Is based on and allows specialization; ii. Promotes professionalism through specialization; iii. Allows flexibility both of time and location; iv. Will locate teacher education in states and be more cost- effective; v. Will raise the level of state participation in teacher education; vi. Will fast-track the production of more teachers critically required for the Nigerian Education system. vii. Allows TRCN to

iii. Allows flexibility both of time and location; iv. Will locate teacher education in states and be more cost- effective; v. Will raise the level of state participation in teacher education; vi. Will fast-track the production of more teachers critically required for the Nigerian Education system. vii. Allows TRCN to intervene to ensure that teachers in professional fields viii. Attain the necessary pedagogical standards. ix. Will raise the quality of teachers and consequently of instruction. Objectives The PGDE programme is designed to prepare University graduates to teach in Post Primary schools and Tertiary Institutions. The programme extends over two semesters and aims at providing teachers with professional training as well as a basis for their continuing professional development. 3.1.3 Programme Learning Outcomes (PLOs) for PGDE: 1. Identify, and critically evaluate the aims, framework and content of the relevant subject curriculum (i) Critically evaluate alignment of the relevant subject curriculum with broader educational aims. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 40 (ii) Apply a firm pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) base for the relevant subject area in curriculum design, implementation and evaluation for improvement in teaching and learning. 2. Plan and implement contextually responsive and innovative teaching to construct effective learning experiences (i) Explore and apply appropriate assessment and evaluation strategies that are evidence-based, and reflect on students’ performance to enhance teaching and learning. (ii) Apply effective strategies and skills to deal with unanticipated situations arising in professional practice. 3. Critically evaluate underlying theories and concepts of learning and whole-person development (i) Identify appropriate learning outcomes, evaluate the achievement of those outcomes and communicate suitable feedback to the learners. (ii) Draw on human, curriculum and technological resources to promote cross-curricular learning and multi literacies. 4. Construct an environment conducive to effective learning (i) Identify learners’ individual differences and implement strategies to provide support

appropriate learning outcomes, evaluate the achievement of those outcomes and communicate suitable feedback to the learners. (ii) Draw on human, curriculum and technological resources to promote cross-curricular learning and multi literacies. 4. Construct an environment conducive to effective learning (i) Identify learners’ individual differences and implement strategies to provide support for their diverse learning needs. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 41 5. Communicate effectively with stakeholders to promote the enhancement of teaching and learning and respond to changes in education (i) Communicate ideas, concepts and issues effectively to stakeholders in education, including students, parents and colleagues. (ii) Engage with people of diverse cultures with inter- cultural sensitivity and interpersonal skills. (iii) Act as a local and global citizen through integrating into one’s professional life a critical awareness of social, economic, cultural, technological and environmental issues, and participate actively and take up leadership roles in promoting the well-being of humankind. 6. Reflect critically on personal strengths and weaknesses to develop knowledge, skills and strategies for continuing professional improvement (i) Conduct oneself ethically and professionally, and uphold the code of conduct for teachers. (ii) Show sensitivity to and respect for the diverse interests and backgrounds of other stakeholders in the education community. 3.1.4 Entry Requirement Candidates who possess the following qualifications are eligible for admission into the programme: i. Higher National Diploma (HND) ii. Degrees – Bachelors’ Masters’, and Doctorate. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 42 3.1.5 Graduation PGDE is a 2 semester Programme structured as follows: Course Work: PGDE Studies shall carry a total minimum of 30 Credit Units for its course work. Teaching Practice: Carries 4 Credit Units. Project Work: Carries 4 Credit Units. In all, you must have completed a total of 38 Credit Units spread across 2 semesters for the award of Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE). 3.1.6

carry a total minimum of 30 Credit Units for its course work. Teaching Practice: Carries 4 Credit Units. Project Work: Carries 4 Credit Units. In all, you must have completed a total of 38 Credit Units spread across 2 semesters for the award of Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE). 3.1.6 Activities to Meet Programme Objectives In a bid to realise the stated objectives of the programme, you are expected to attain a minimum of 75% of participation in all the activities of the programme. Your participation in the programme would be tracked to ensure full compliance and effective participation in all segments of the programme structure. 3.1.7 Programme Delivery Delivery of instruction on the basis of the Distance Learning platform is predicated on the open and Distance Learning spirit of flexibility, convenience, accessibility and quality. Consequently, the following are used to reach out to you: 1. Activity based structured study. 2. Availability of comprehensive Course Materials in hard copy (printed version). 3. Availability of comprehensive Course Materials in electronic format (online and offline on tablet devices). 4. Video recordings of lectures on tablet device. 5. Links to electronic libraries on tablet device. 3.1.8 Assessment Modalities Assessment shall be through: 1. Response to Individual Assignments. 2. Response to Quiz. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 43 3. Response to Discussion Questions. 4. Response to Group Assignments 5. Semester Examinations – CBT based at an accredited centre of your choice. 3.2 PROGRAMME STRUCTURE Course Code in Post Graduate Diploma in Education (700 Level) Course Description Credits Status FIRST SEMESTER Core PGD 701 Historical of Educational Development in Nigeria 2 Core PGD 703 Sociology of Education 2 Core PGD 705 Philosophy of Education 2 Core PGD 707 Educational Psychology 2 Core PGD 709 Education and Information Technology 2 Core PGD 711 General Teaching Methods

Course Description Credits Status FIRST SEMESTER Core PGD 701 Historical of Educational Development in Nigeria 2 Core PGD 703 Sociology of Education 2 Core PGD 705 Philosophy of Education 2 Core PGD 707 Educational Psychology 2 Core PGD 709 Education and Information Technology 2 Core PGD 711 General Teaching Methods 2 Core SECOND SEMESTER PGD 702 Curriculum and Instruction 2 Core PGD 704 Research Methods 2 Core PGD 706 Test and Measurement 2 Core PGD 708 Guidance and Counselling 2 Core PGD 710 Educational Administration and Management 2 Core PGD 700 Teaching Practice 4 Core PGD 799 Project 4 Core ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 44 Course Description Credits Status ELECTIVE MTLD 811 Fundamentals of Public Administration 2 Elective MTLD 822 Ethics, Behaviour and Gender Issues in Leadership 2 Elective MTLD 832 Leadership Motivation, Change and Enterprise 2 Elective PGD 712 General Principle and Evaluation in Education 2 Elective PGD 713 Micro-Teaching in Teachers Education 2 Elective PGD 714 Comparative Education 2 Elective PGD 715 Educational Management and Ethics 2 Elective PGD 716 Adult and Non-Formal Education 2 Elective PGD 717 Educational Supervision and School Inspection 2 Elective PGD 718 Subject Methodology 2 Elective ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 45 One MTLD (Motivational Leadership) and another elective Course MUST be offered in each of the 2 semesters. 3.3 COURSE DESCRIPTION/SYNOPSIS COURSE CODE/STAT US COURSE TITLE COURSE DESCRIPTION PGD 700 TEACHING PRACTICE Student should be provided with opportunity for a period of practicalisation of teaching and learning strategies, knowledge and class room skills in there subject areas; Implementation and application of learning materials in the classroom situation in the period for twelve weeks. PGD 701 History of Educational Development in Nigeria Early Education Systems Nature, Scope and Process of Traditional Education in Nigeria. The Islamic System of Education in Nigeria. The

room skills in there subject areas; Implementation and application of learning materials in the classroom situation in the period for twelve weeks. PGD 701 History of Educational Development in Nigeria Early Education Systems Nature, Scope and Process of Traditional Education in Nigeria. The Islamic System of Education in Nigeria. The Advent of Western Education in Nigeria. The Development of Education in Nigeria: 1919 and beyond. Education in Sparta. Education in Athens. Education in Sparta and Athens compared. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 46 Great Athenian Education History of Education in Nigeria Education in Ancient Rome. Great Education thinkers: Quintilian. Education in the First Centuries of the Modern Era. Great Education Thinkers. The Nature, Scope and Process of Traditional Education in Nigeria. The Islamic System of Education in Nigeria. The Advent of Western Education in Nigeria. The Development of Education in Nigeria: 1919 and Beyond. PGD 702 Curriculum and Instruction This course will expose the student to the following content: concept of curriculum and instruction; curriculum planning process; model of curriculum reform and agents in Nigeria. Description of domain of educational objective; principle for effective teaching and learning; unit of instruction and learning plans; Some Special Methods of Teaching and their Major Characteristics, Blooms taxonomy of educational objectives, goals, aims, ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 47 and objective; Curriculum objectives and curriculum planning and objectives PGD 703 SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION Introduction to Sociology of Education The Action and Conflict Perspective The Concepts of Sociology and Culture Socialization, the Family and Education The School as a Formal Organisation The school and the larger Society PGD 704 Research Methods Types of Educational Research Planning the Research: Research, Literature Review, Research Design, Research Methodology, Data Collection Techniques: Observation, Interview, Rating Scales. Report Writing. Background to Statistics: Contemporary Research and Statistics,

the Family and Education The School as a Formal Organisation The school and the larger Society PGD 704 Research Methods Types of Educational Research Planning the Research: Research, Literature Review, Research Design, Research Methodology, Data Collection Techniques: Observation, Interview, Rating Scales. Report Writing. Background to Statistics: Contemporary Research and Statistics, Types of Statistics, Measurement Levels and Statistical Application. Organisation of Data: Ordinal, Simple, Frequency distribution, Grouped and Cumulative. Graphic Representation of ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 48 Data: Pictogram, Pie Chart, Bar Chart and Histogram. Frequency Polygon. Ogive Curve. Measures of Central Tendency: Mode, Median, Mean, Other Properties. Measure of Dispersion. Correlation. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC). PGD 705 PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION The Meaning of Educational Psychology. The Meaning, Nature and Scope of Educational Psychology. Relevance of Educational Psychology to the Teacher. Child Development. Meaning and Characteristics of Learning. Factors that Affect Learning: The Pupil, The Teacher and the Classroom Environment. Learning Theories: Cognitive Approach to Learning: Gestalt and Piaget. Memory: Remembering and Forgetting and their Implications to Education. Transfer of Learning. Motivation and Learning ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 49 PGD 706 Test and Measurement The Concept of Test, Measurement Assessment and Evaluation in Education. Assessments and Classroom Tests. Types of Tests, Characteristics of Good Tests and Test Construction. Basic Principles of Test Construction. Test Contingencies. Tests Scoring and Interpretation of Test Scores. Examination bodies in Nigeria and their roles. PGD 707 EDUCATIONA L PSYCHOLOGY .The Meaning of Educational Psychology. The Meaning, Nature and Scope of Educational Psychology. Relevance of Educational Psychology to the Teacher. Child Development. Meaning and Characteristics of Learning. Factors that Affect Learning: The Pupil, The Teacher and the Classroom Environment. Learning Theories: Cognitive Approach to Learning: Gestalt and Piaget. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 50 PGD 708 PGD 709 GUIDANCES AND COUNSELLING (G&C) EDUCATION

Relevance of Educational Psychology to the Teacher. Child Development. Meaning and Characteristics of Learning. Factors that Affect Learning: The Pupil, The Teacher and the Classroom Environment. Learning Theories: Cognitive Approach to Learning: Gestalt and Piaget. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 50 PGD 708 PGD 709 GUIDANCES AND COUNSELLING (G&C) EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Memory: Remembering and Forgetting and their Implications to Education. Transfer of Learning. Motivation and Learning Meaning of Guidance and Counselling is: What is Guidance? What is Counselling? Difference between Guidance and Counselling. Relationship between Guidance and Counselling, The School Guidance Service, The Need for Guidance and Counselling today The Concept of Educational Technology History of Educational Technology in Nigeria Objectives as Cornerstone of Educational Technology Media in Education Systematic Planning for the use of Media Instructional Media Projected/Electronic Media Projected and Audio Media Introduction: What is Technology and its importance in ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 51 PGD 710 PGD 711 EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATI ON AND MANAGEMENT Education? What is Information? What is Technology of Education What is Information Technology? Communication Theories and Teaching- Learning Process: The Concept of Communication Types of Communication Communication Models Teaching and Learning as a Communication Process Feedback and the teaching –learning Process ICT, E-Leaning and Nigeria Education The Concept and Definition of ICT The imperatives of ICT for Teachers and Students The Concept and Description of E-Learning Current bottlenecks and Future directions for the Nigeria Education The way forward for effective integration of ICT in Nigeria education Introduction to educational administration, the meaning of educational administration; its scope, ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 52 PGD 712 PGD 713 GENERAL TEACHING METHOD GENERAL PRINICIPLES AND EVALUATION IN EDUCATION goals, and the factors which contribute to its successful implementation; Administrative tasks- administrative process, supervision of schools; school business administration, tertiary institutions administration. The concept

meaning of educational administration; its scope, ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 52 PGD 712 PGD 713 GENERAL TEACHING METHOD GENERAL PRINICIPLES AND EVALUATION IN EDUCATION goals, and the factors which contribute to its successful implementation; Administrative tasks- administrative process, supervision of schools; school business administration, tertiary institutions administration. The concept of management administration, planning, supervision and evaluation; educational administration and planning in Nigeria; school and classroom management, supervision, inspection, budgeting, funding, recruitment process, professional development; politics of education, policy implantation, resources mobilization and utilization; links between the various session of education such as federal ministry of education, state ministry of education, state universal basic education board and local government authorities. Students should be exposed to techniques of teaching different subject ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 53 PGD 714 PGD 715 MICRO TEACHING IN TEACHER EDUCATION COMPARATIVE EDUCATION using different methods appropriate to their area of specialization. Strategies for lesson and unit planning; statement of instructional objectives; Production, utilization and evaluation of suitable instructional materials to concretize the learning material General Methods in Education: The Concept of Education. Teaching and the Teacher Objectives in Curriculum Implementation Instructional and Behavioural Objectives. The Classroom Communication Process, Learning Outcomes, Control and Discipline. Methodology of Teaching and Learning: Lecture, Discussion Methods and Individualised Instruction. Methods of Teaching I: Problem-Solving, Discovery, Inquiry and Simulation Methods. Method of Teaching II: Team Teaching and Micro –Teaching Programmed/Computer Assisted Instruction, Class Teaching and Project ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 54 PGD 716 PGD 717 EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT AND ETHICS ADULT AND NON- FORMAL EDUCATION Methods. The Teaching/Learning Environment: The Pupil, The Teacher, The Curriculum, Resources and Teaching Methods. General Organisational Skills of the Teacher and His Counselling Roles. Resources Management, Children with Learning Difficulty and Record Keeping Concept, Process and Practice of Micro- Teaching Relevance of Micro- Teaching to Teacher

AND NON- FORMAL EDUCATION Methods. The Teaching/Learning Environment: The Pupil, The Teacher, The Curriculum, Resources and Teaching Methods. General Organisational Skills of the Teacher and His Counselling Roles. Resources Management, Children with Learning Difficulty and Record Keeping Concept, Process and Practice of Micro- Teaching Relevance of Micro- Teaching to Teacher Education Micro-Teaching Skills Practicum in Micro- Teaching The concept and Scope of Comparative Education The relevance of Comparative Education to Teacher Education Programmes. Factors that Determine the Character and Development of Education in Different Nations Variations among Nations in Educational Aims Curriculum, Methods and Administration ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 55 PGD 718 PGD 799 EDUCATIONAL SUPERVISION AND SCHOOL INSPECTION SUBJECT METHODOLOG Y British and French Educational Policies in Colonial Africa Comparative Educational Policies and Practices in Africa since Independence. Education System in Nigeria and Tanzania. Governance: Policy and Legal Issues in Education Educational Objectives in Management Basic Principles and Functions of Educational Management Management Issues and Strategies in Educational Management Communication, Decision- Making and Problem- solving Human Resource and Development And Management Curriculum and Resource Management Finance Mobilization and Management Record Keeping and quality control Monitoring and Evaluating School Programmes Ethics in Educational Delivery and Management The Administration, ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 56 PROJECT Proprietor, Council Board The Teacher The Learner The Community An Examination of the General Concept and Structure of Adult and Non-Formal Education. Historical Development of Adult and Non-Formal Education Principles and Practice of Adult Education. Methods and Materials in Adult Education. Analysis of Pattern of Adult Participation in Adult and Non-Formal Education The National Policy on Adult Education. Administration Structure of Adult Education in Nigeria. Aspects of Non-Formal Adult Education. Adult Education and Rural Development in Nigeria The Concept of Supervision and Inspection; Purpose of Educational Supervision and school inspection. Distinguishing between Supervision and

of Adult Participation in Adult and Non-Formal Education The National Policy on Adult Education. Administration Structure of Adult Education in Nigeria. Aspects of Non-Formal Adult Education. Adult Education and Rural Development in Nigeria The Concept of Supervision and Inspection; Purpose of Educational Supervision and school inspection. Distinguishing between Supervision and Inspection. The Principles of ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 57 Supervision and Inspections. Types of Supervision and Inspection. Functions of Supervisors. Qualities of Supervisors. Modus Operandi of Inspectors. Challenges of Supervision and Inspection. Historical Background to Methodology /Academic Standard for Teaching Preparing to Teach-the Lesson Plan as the Basic Tool. Lesson Plan Patterns. Issues in Delivery of Instruction: Introduction, Logical, Language, Questioning Technique. Subject Methods. Micro Teaching Approach to Teaching. Multimedia System. Students are expected to transfer /apply the knowledge, skills and competencies learnt in the research methods, to write on tropical issues in education. This serve as a field experience as they review the existing literature, collect and analyse data and write the research report. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 58 Appendix 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES TABLE OF CONTENT Title Page Copyright Page Contents Definitions 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Preamble 1.2 DLC Law and Statute 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 2.0 Preparation for Examinations 3.0 Examination Venues 4.0. Administering Examinations 5.0 Appointment of External/Internal Moderators/Examiners 6.0 General Examination Regulations, 7.0 Consequences for Failing to Write Examinations 8.0 Academic Monitoring/Quality Assurance 9.0 Research Work and Project, Dissertation and Thesis Management 10.0 Duties of Invigilators 11.0 Examination Malpractice 12.0 Sanctions 12.1 Offence by Students 12.2 Offences Involving Staff 13.0 Management of Examination Results ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 59 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by

12.1 Offence by Students 12.2 Offences Involving Staff 13.0 Management of Examination Results ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 59 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. 1.2 DLC Law and Statute The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy 1. The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2. Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations shall be supervised examinations as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 60 Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior

(January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 60 Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 Nigerian Students Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 International Students Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 61 shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination.

table shall be ready four weeks to examination. 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 61 shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All request for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. 4.0. ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three (3) semester in every session. 4. Examination timelines: a. All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e- tutors within four weeks of the semester. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 62 b. All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester

timelines: a. All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e- tutors within four weeks of the semester. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 62 b. All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c. All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d. A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 63 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination

examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 63 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour after the examination has started shall not be allowed to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 64 examination. Outside those periods,

provided the cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 64 examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention

Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 65 Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery,

an examination at a later time. 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 66 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESIS MANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 67 10. Present a written report on

under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 67 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 Offence by Students (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: i) Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination ii) Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. iii) Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 68 collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. iv) Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. v) Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. vi) Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. vii) Life threatening assault to an invigilator,

each other or copying from cheat notes. iv) Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. v) Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. vi) Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. vii) Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. viii) Willful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. ix) Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. x) Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session i) Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) ii) Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. iii) Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) iv) If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. v) Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. vi) Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations vii) Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. ABU Distance Learning Student’s Handbook 69 (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. 11.2 Offences Involving Staff 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for

affect the conduct of the examination. 11.2 Offences Involving Staff 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. 2. Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. 5. Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with the outcome of the rectification process. *Rectification of Examination Scripts/results Does not Imply Passing the Course!!!

ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) i DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria. STUDENT HANDBOOK Post Graduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) ii © 2023 Distance Learning Centre, ABU Zaria, Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the Director, Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. First published 2018 Published and Printed by Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tel: 08065949711 abupress@abu.edu.ng info@abupress.com.ng Website: www.abupress.com.ng ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) iii FOREWORD Whereas the Distance Learning Centre Prospectus covers all aspects of the Distance Learning delivery in Ahmadu Bello University, the DLC Post Graduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) Student Handbook is designed to give you an overview of the PGDM by Distance Learning in the Ahmadu Bello University. A Handbook of this nature is a must read for you. It provides useful information on the nature, orientation and scope of the PGDM programme as well as highlights the uniqueness of this delivery modality. As you opt for the distance learning mode to acquire a Post Graduate Diploma in Management, we shall strive to make your learning experience a memorable one. I urge you to commit, discipline and submit yourself to the demand of distance education. This shall entail an appraisal of your obligations and most suitable time to commit to your studies. You are to note that your success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day.

success as a distance learner largely depends on you as there are no lecture time table or lecturers to insist you should be in class at any specific time. Once again I welcome you to a wonderful experience of distance learning and looking forward to seeing you on graduation day. Prof. Muhammed Ibrahim SULE Director, Distance Learning Centre ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) iv CONTENTS Copyright page ... ... ... ... ... ii Foreword ... ... ... ... ... ... iii Contents ... ... ... ... ... ... iv PART 1: General Information ... ... ... 1 1.1 Principal Officers of the University ... ... 3 1.2 Visitor, Principal Officers, Deans and Directors 4 1.3 DLC Principal Officers ... ... ... 6 1.4 Historical Perspective ... ... ... ... 6 1.5 Zaria ... ... ... ... ... ... 7 1.6 Philosophy and Objectives of the University ... 9 1.7 University Administration ... ... ... 9 1.8 Faculties, Institutes, Centres and Schools ... .... 10 PART 2 Distance Learning Centre ... ... ... 12 2.1 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 13 Distance Learning Centre Academic Calendar 16 2.3 Programmes for Distance Learning Delivery ... 18 2.4 Deployment of Distance Learning Programme 19 2.5 Studying as a Distance Learner ... ... 22 2.6 Waiver and Deferment Guidelines ... ... 31 PART 3: Postgraduate Diploma Management (PGDM) 36 3.1 Overview ... ... ... ... ... 37 3.2 Admission, Matriculation and Graduation ... 38 3.3 Programme Delivery, Counselling and Assessment 39 3.4 Academic Performance Evaluation ... ... 40 3.5 PGDM Course Structure ... ... ... 43 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 48 1.0 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 48 1.1 Preamble ... ... ... ... ... 48 1.2 DLC Law and Statute ... ... ... 48 1.3 Justification for DLC

Performance Evaluation ... ... 40 3.5 PGDM Course Structure ... ... ... 43 Appendix 1: DLC Examination Policy and Guidelines 48 1.0 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... 48 1.1 Preamble ... ... ... ... ... 48 1.2 DLC Law and Statute ... ... ... 48 1.3 Justification for DLC Examination Policy ... 48 2.0 Examination Venues ... ... ... ... 49 ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) v 2.1 Nigerian Students ... ... ... ... 49 2.2 International Students ... ... ... 49 3.0 Preparation for Examinations ... ... ... 50 4.0 Administering Examinations ... ... ... 51 5.0 Appointment of External/Internal Moderators/Examiners 52 6.0 General Examination Regulations, ... ... 53 7.0 Consequences for Failing to Write Examinations 55 8.0 Academic Monitoring/Quality Assurance ... 55 9.0 Research Work and Project, Dissertation and Thesis Management ... ... ... ... 55 10.0 Duties of Invigilators ... ... ... ... 56 11.0 Examination Malpractice ... ... ... 57 12.0 Sanctions ... ... ... ... ... 58 12.1 Offence by Students ... ... ... ... 58 12.2 Offences Involving Staff ... ... ... 59 13.0 Management of Examination Results ... 60 ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) vi ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) 1 PART I GENERAL INFORMATION ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) 2 Sir Ahmadu Bello, KBE, GCON Sardaunan Sokoto and Premier of Northern Nigeria Founder and First Chancellor, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) 3 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR Chancellor. (Obi of Onitsha) Malam Adamu Fika, CFR Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Danladi A. Ameh Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian

of Onitsha) Malam Adamu Fika, CFR Prof. Kabiru Bala, FNIOB, MICIArb (Wazirin Fika) Vice-Chancellor Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim Prof. Danladi A. Ameh Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Administration Academic Mal. Rabiu Samaila Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Registrar Bursar Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. University Librarian ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) 4 1.2 VISITOR, PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEANS AND DIRECTORS Visitor: Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Chancellor: His Majesty, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, CFR, Obi of Onitsha (Agbogidi). Pro-Chancellor and Chairman Governing Council: Malam Adamu Fika, CFR, (Wazirin Fika). Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Kabiru Bala, MBA, Ph.D, FNIOB, MAPM, MCABE, MSClarb Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Administration): Prof. Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Deputy Vice- Chancellor (Academic): Professor. Danladi Amodu Ameh. B.Sc., MSc., Ph.D. Registrar: Mal. Rabiu Samaila Bursar: Mal. Muhammad Bello Aminu Gurin Ag. Librarian: Mal. Abdulhameed Gambo Liman Ag. Provost, College of Medical Sciences: Prof. M. S. Shehu Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Sani A. Abdullahi Director, Directorate of Academic Planning & Monitoring: Prof. Bello Mukhtar Dean, Students Affairs: Prof. M. Yakasai Fatihu Director, Distance Learning Centre: Prof. M. I. Sule Director, Institute of Administration: Prof. Siraj Barau Abdulkarim Director, Institute of Development Research & Training: Prof. Binta Abdulkarim Director, National Animal Production Research Institute: Prof. A. M. Kolo Director, Centre for Energy Research and Training: Prof. S. A. Jonah Director, Institute for Agricultural Research: Prof. M. F. Ishiyaku Director, Institute of Education: Prof. Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr.

Bashir A. Maina Director, University Health Service: Prof. Muhammed S. Isah Director, Division of Agricultural Colleges: Prof. Musa A. Mahdi Director, National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services: Prof. Ike Emmanuel Ikani Director, School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Funtua: Prof. Balarabe Abdullahi Director, Ahmadu Bello University Consultancy Services: Dr. Umar Farouq Yaya Director, Directorate of University Advancement: Prof. Sani Abba Aliyu Director, Iya Abubakar Institute of Computing and ICT: Malam Shuaibu Umar Managing Director, ABU Press: Malam Ahmad Ibrahim Ja’e Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Prof. Sani Adamu ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) 5 Director, Centre for Biotechnology Research & Training: Prof. Muhammad Nasir Shuaibu Director, Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House: Dr. S. S. Aliyu Director, Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre: Prof. Abdulghaffar Amoka Director, Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies: Dr. Usman A. Kibon Director, Centre for Counselling & Human Development: Dr. (Mrs.) Sa’adatu M. Makarfi Ag. Director, Physical Planning & Municipal Services: Arc. Sulaiman Mohammed Director, International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship: Dr Idris B. Bugaje Director, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies: Dr. Sa’ad Musa Abubakar Chief Medical Director, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital: Prof. Ahmed Umdagas Hamidu Director, CBN Centre for Economic & Finance: Prof. Auwalu Haruna Director, Centre for Inland Basin Studies: Prof. Umaru Adamu Dambatta Director, Directorate of Sports: Dr. Ali Isa Danlami Director, Public Affairs Directorate: Mal. Auwalu Umar Dean, ABU Business School: Dr. Idris Ahmed Aliyu Dean, Faculty of Administration: Prof. Musa Idris Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of

Dean, Faculty of Agriculture: Prof. Mukhtari Mahmoud Dean, Faculty of Arts: Prof. Muhammad Sule Dean, Dental Surgery: Prof. S. O. Ajike Dean, Faculty of Education: Prof. H. I. Bayero Dean, Faculty of Engineering: Prof. Mohammed I. Dabo Dean, Faculty of Environmental Design: Prof. Umar A. A. Sullayman Dean, Faculty of Law: Dr. Salim Bashir Magashi Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences: Prof. Wilson O. Hamman Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences: Prof. Shehu Abubakar Akuyam Dean, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences: Prof. H. M. Muktar Dean, Faculty of Clinical Sciences: Prof. M. M. Dauda Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Prof. A. Musa Dean, Faculty of Life Sciences: Prof. M.N. Shuaibu Dean, Faculty of Physical Sciences: Prof. I. M. Jaro Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr. Shamsuddeen Mohammed Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine: Prof. Junaidu Kabir ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) 6 1.3 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ahmadu Bello University is one of the First Generation Universities in Nigeria. Others in this category are: the University of Ibadan, the University of Nigeria Nsukka, the University of Lagos and the University of Ife Ile-Ife, now called Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. ABU had a good start because of its solid foundation laid by its founding father, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He attracted to Zaria a talented crop of academics from across Nigeria and other parts of the world, which got the University going on a foundation of excellence. The University was officially launched on 4th October, 1962 in a colourful ceremony presided over by its first Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was

Chancellor, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, and attended by dignitaries from all over Nigeria, West Africa and other parts of the Commonwealth. Although officially opened in 1962, the origin of the Ahmadu Bello University dated back ten years earlier when the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology was founded in Samaru, Zaria and provided courses in Engineering, Architecture, Fine Art and Education. Many of the earlier Engineers and Architects in Nigeria had their education and training in this college. But it was in the area of Fine Art that the College most distinguished itself, creating a distinct and African form of art, known today internationally as the Zaria School of Art. At its official take off in 1962, Ahmadu Bello University had a student body of no more than three thousand enrolled in its various programmes. Today, the student body is over fifty thousand, the majority of them are undergraduates but with a sizeable and growing number of postgraduate students. As the University now looks forward, it faces the challenge of creating a digital environment in which the most up-to-date technology assists and serves the process of teaching, learning and research. The vision is that of a campus with internet access in every office, classroom and laboratory, and with a student body and academics versatile in the use and application of these technologies. ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) 7 The University opened with just four Faculties- Agriculture, Engineering, Law and Science –fifteen Departments. The institutionhas since inception been under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (1975- 1978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (1986- 1991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991-1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004-2009), Professor

under the successive Vice- Chancellorship of Professor Norman Alexander (1961-1966), Professor Ishaya Audu (1966-1975), Professor Iya Abubakar (1975- 1978), Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe (1978-1979), Professor Ango Abdullahi (1979-1986), Professor Adamu Nayaya Mohammed (1986- 1991), Professor Daniel Saror (1991-1995), Gen. Mamman Kontagora (1995-1998), Professor Abdullahi Mahadi (1998-2004), Professor S.U. Abdullahi (2004-2009), Professor Abdullahi Mustapha (2009-2015), Professor Ibrahim Garba (2015-2020) and currently Prof.essor Kabiru Bala (2020 to date). In 1987, the year in which the University celebrated its 25th Anniversary, it had turned out to be the largest and the most extensive of all Universities in Sub-Sahara Africa. It covers a land area of about 7,000 hectares and has Eighteen Faculties, a School of Postgraduate Studies, a Business School and 120 Departments. There are also six Institutes, eight specialised Centres, a Division of four Agricultural Colleges, a School of Basic and Remedial Studies, a Demonstration Secondary School, and a Primary School. The University has of recent been undergoing a fundamental re- organisation. From what has so far been done; it is evident that Ahmadu Bello University will certainly outgrow its crises and become, as it was before, an embodiment of excellence. 1.4 ZARIA Zaria is a city in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Once called Zazzau, the community was founded in the 14th century as one of the seven original Hausa city-states. According to oral tradition, Zazzau rose to prominence in the early 15th century under the brilliant military leadership of Queen Amina. It became part of the Songhai Empire in the 16th century, fell to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include

to the Fulani in the early 19th century, and was captured by the British in 1901. It is a road and rail hub in a major agricultural area. The city is a market centre for locally produced cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, shea nuts, corn, sorghum, and vegetables. Industries include cotton ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) 8 ginning, peanut and shea-nut milling, tanning, cottonseed-oil production, and the manufacture of cigarettes, bicycles, perfumes, and soap. Zaria is an important centre of education and research, with Ahmadu Bello University and affiliated institutions such as the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute, National Agricultural and Research Liaison Services and the Centre for Energy Research and Training. It also hosts the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute for Transport Technology, Nigerian Military School, Nigerian Army Depot, Nigerian Army School of Military Police, National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic among others. Zaria is made up of the following wards: Zaria-City, Tudun Wada, Kongo/Gyallesu, Tudun Jukun, Tukur Tukur, Wusasa, Sabon Gari, Muchia/Chikaji, GRA, Kwangila, Hanwa, Palladan, Samaru and Zango. Map of Nigeria showing Zaria arrowed. ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) 9 1.5 PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY At the first ceremony of Ahmadu Bello University in 1963, the founding father and mentor of the University, Sir Ahmadu Bello, enunciated the philosophy of ABU when he said: “The first duty of every university is the search for and the spread of knowledge and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political

and the establishment of truths... But it must also serve the need of the nation.” The philosophy of Ahmadu Bello University is predicated upon the “cardinal principles of imparting knowledge and learning to men and women of all races without any distinction on the grounds of race, religious or political beliefs” Hence, the objectives of Ahmadu Bello University as articulated in Article 4 of its 1962 and 1975 Laws are: “To provide regular and liberal courses of instruction in the humanities, sciences and other spheres of learning of a standard required and expected of a university of the highest standing, to promote research and the advancement of science and learning and to secure the diffusion of knowledge throughout Nigeria”. 1.6 UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION Ahmadu Bello University is owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria which funds it. The President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria is the Visitor. There is a Chancellor who is the ceremonial Head of the University; a Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council; a Vice-Chancellor who is the Chief Executive and Academic Officer of the University, and a Governing Council with power to manage all matters of the University not otherwise provided for or under the University Law. The academic affairs of the University are managed by the Senate, under which there are Faculty Boards, and a School of Postgraduate Studies Board. There are also Boards of Governors as well as Professional Academic Boards of Institutes and Centres which administer their respective administrative and academic matters. ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) 10 The University Senate building 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law

matters. ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) 10 The University Senate building 1.7 FACULTIES, INSTITUTES, CENTRES AND SCHOOLS 1. ABU Business School 2. Faculty of Administration 3. Faculty of Agriculture 4. Faculty of Arts 5. Faculty of Education 6. Faculty of Engineering 7. Faculty of Environmental Design 8. Faculty of Law 9. College of Medical Sciences 10. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 11. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences 12. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences 13. Faculty of Clinical Sciences 14. Faculty of Dental Surgery 15. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16. Faculty of Life Sciences 17. Faculty of Physical Sciences 18. Faculty of Social Sciences 19. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) 11 20. School of Postgraduate Studies 21. Distance Learning Centre 22. Institute of Administration 23. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) 24. Institute of Development Research (IDR & T) 25. Institute of Education 26. Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) 27. National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) 28. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) 29. Centre for Islamic Legal Studies (CILS) 30. Centre for Historical Research and Documentation (CHRD) - Arewa House 31. Iya Abubakar Institute for Computing and ICT 32. Centre for Energy Research and Training 33. International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship (ICERFE) 34. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training 35. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital 36. Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) 37. Equipment Development & Maintenance Centre 38. Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development Studies (CDRMDS) 39. Centre for Counselling & Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) 12 PART II DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) 13 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU

& Human Development 40. CBN Centre for Economic & Finance 41. Centre for Inland Basin Studies 42. Institute of Health ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) 12 PART II DISTANCE LEARNING CENTRE ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) 13 2.1 DISTANCE LEARNING 2.1.1 Preamble The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus-based programmes”. Annually, an average of 13,000 applicants applied for various postgraduate programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University, although about 70% of these were qualified, less than 5, 000 are usually Admitted due to the limitation of on-campus facilities. The situation is even worse with the undergraduate programmes where 31,000 applicants to Ahmadu Bello University scored the minimum JAMB requirement of 180 points. Less than 10,000 of these can be admitted due to the same reason. It is thus obvious that ABU has not been able to satisfy the demands for those interested in obtaining ABU degrees. It has also been noted that Nigeria has been credited to be among the countries with the highest number of students studying abroad with about 71,000 studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting

studying in Ghana alone and paying not less than 155 billion Naira as tuition annually. ABU should cash on this opportunity to increase its relevance as well as revenue base. In an on campus model “there are obviously limits to how many additional students can be admitted without negatively impacting on quality. The Europe Africa Quality Connect Evaluation Report concluded that ABU has obviously curtailed its capacity to generate any additional income by means of enrolling additional students. The need to explore other options of delivery and student enrollment is thus obvious. ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) 14 2.1.2 Distance Learning The principal objective of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in establishing a Distance Learning Centre (DLC) is to put in place an administrative structure responsible for the coordination and delivery of its Distance learning programmes at both the Undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The DLC is a semi-autonomous administrative Unit responsible for the coordination and delivery of Distance Learning programmes of the Ahmadu Bello University. 2.1.3 Philosophy, Vision and Mission Philosophy To radically proffer an alternative but robust delivery model for Ahmadu Bello University degrees and other qualifications in line with Universal ODL best practices. Vision The Distance Learning Centre, Ahmadu Bello University shall be a unique Distance Learning Centre of repute excelling in the delivery of Certificate/Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in all fields to advance the scope of ABU’s reach in educational delivery as envisaged by the founding fathers of the University. Mission The mission of the Distance Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and e- Learning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes

Learning Centre is to ensure qualitative, accessible and timely delivery of approved academic programmes to its students without distinction based on geographic location, race, sex, religion or other affiliations. 2.1.4 Objectives The principal objective of commencing the Open Distance and e- Learning (ODL) delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes is to extend the reach of the university in the delivery of quality and reputable undergraduate and postgraduate studies leading to the award of Ahmadu Bello University Undergraduate and Postgraduate Degrees. ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) 15 E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching or issuance of course material on computers, i-pads, CD/DVDs and hard copies, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. Whereas the online option has become the primary modality in the delivery of tertiary education in distance learning in some countries, the reality of Nigeria makes Blended learning a more realistic option. 2.1.5 Location The Distance Learning Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University (see pictures) is currently located in the Ahmadu Coomassie Building (former ABU Bookshop) adjacent the Senate Building on the Main Campus. Frontage and Interior view of the Distance Learning Centre 2.1.6 Administration The Distance Learning Centre is directly responsible to the Ahmadu Bello University Senate and Management on academic and administrative matters respectively. Whereas the Governing Board of the Distance Learning Centre sets out policies for the Centre in line with the overall policies of the Ahmadu Bello University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) 16 Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service &

University, the Academic Board considers all academic matters prior to its submission to University Senate. The day-to-day administration of the Centre is undertaken by the DLC Management, which comprises of the Director assisted by three ABU DLC Student Handbook (PGDM) 16 Deputy Directors (Administration, Academic and Learner Support Service & IT), a Secretary and several Unit and Sectional Heads. 2.2 DISTANCE LEARNING ACADEMIC CALENDAR The Academic Calendar of the Distance Learning Centre shall be developed annually by the Management of the Centre and presented to the Academic Board for deliberations and approval. There shall be three Semesters annually, comprising of One week orientation (for new students only) 12 weeks of interaction, one week of optional tutorials/face to face on campus interaction and 2 weeks of examination. In each of the Semesters, there shall be 2 examination groups (weekends and weekdays). Students are at liberty to select which of the examination groups they may participate in. The calendar of the Distance Learning programmes shall differ from that of on campus programmes to accommodate the 3 semesters and other peculiarities of Distance Learning. 17 ABU DLC ACADEMIC CALENDAR/PLANNER N.B: - Semester Examinations 1st/2nd Week January - All Sessions commence Mid-February - 1 Week break between Semesters and 4 Weeks vocation at end of session. - Semester 3 is OPTIONAL (Fast-tracking, making up carry-overs & deferments ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 18 2.3 PROGRAMMES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING DELIVERY 2.3.1 Certificate Programmes Specific Certificate course as dictated by market needs shall be developed in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political

in consultation with the relevant Department of the University. The Public Relations and Marketing section shall be responsible for making the necessary contacts in this regard. 2.3.2 Undergraduate Programmes The Centre currently deploys 9 undergraduate programmes viz.: BSc. Business Administration, BSc. Public Administration, BSc. Economics, BNSc. Nursing Science, B.Sc. Political Science, B.Sc. International Studies, B.Sc. Sociology, B.Sc. Accounting and B.Sc. Computer Science. It is however projected that undergraduate programmes from the Faculties of Administration, Arts, Education, Social Sciences, ABU Business School, Sciences, would be added to these. 2.3.3 Postgraduate Programmes The Master in Business Administration (MBA) is the flagship for the delivery of postgraduate programmes. Seven additional PG programmes that include Master in International Affairs & Diplomacy (MIAD), Master in Public Health (MPH), Master in Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice (MLCJ), Master in Information Management (MIM), Master in Public Administration (MPA), Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) and Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) were also deployed. Additional PG programmes shall be deployed every session as approval is received. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 19 2.4 DEPLOYMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES 2.4.1 Delivery Stages Distance learning delivery of Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG Programmes in the Ahmadu Bello University shall involve the following stages: i. Online Application by the prospective student. ii. Provisional admission by the corresponding Admissions Committee of the DLC. iii. Confirmation of admission by JAMB (UG programmes only). iv. Online Registration by students. v. Assignment of Tutors to students and Academic advisers to Resource Centres vi. Matriculation and Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of

Orientation vii. Course work/Academic activities (Lectures) for the corresponding number of years. viii. Project work and seminar. ix. Examination result/project report submission to DLC Academic Board. x. Submission of Examination result to SPGS Board (PG programmes); Senate (UG Programmes and corresponding Professional and Academic Boards (Diploma programmes). xi. Approval of results. xii. Graduation and Convocation. 2.4.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 20 Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. 2.4.3 Curriculum The curriculum of the Certificate, Diploma, UG and PG programmes to be delivered by distance learning shall be as approved for the on campus delivered programmes and in conformity with the NUC BMAS. Elective Courses indicated by the demand of distance learning have also been developed. The delivery method shall however be ICT Supported Blended Mode. It shall be a mixture of provision of hard and electronic copies of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be

of Course materials, face-to-face interaction as well as an online interactive component. In conformity with the pedagogy for Distance Learning, the Modular method of organizing Course materials shall be employed. 2.4.4 ABU Model of Distance Learning Delivery The ABU model of delivery envisages that a Blended delivery protocol shall be utilized. This would include: i. Provision of hard and electronic copies of all course materials for the corresponding session. ii. Weekly uploads of relevant Discussion questions as well as the provision of an interactive platform for other students to review and critique, write-ups shall be provided. iii. An optional 2 week on campus revision session and conduct of lecture sessions necessitating face-face delivery shall be provided for. iv. Project defences and examinations shall he held on campus or Resource Centres under the supervision of the DLC staffs. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 21 2.4.5 Learners Support A robust mechanism for information, advice and guidance to students has been put in place in conformity with ODL practice. These include: i. Provision of print (optional) and electronic versions of Course Materials ii. Development of a ‘Distance Learning Students’ Handbook’ – Print & Electronic iii. Development of a programme specific handbook. iv. Assigning dedicated GSM Help lines and a telephone call centre. v. Dedicated E-mails (DLC) vi. Blog site (DLC)/Interactive website vii. Access to on and offline e-libraries viii. Activation of Resource Centres (Liaison Offices) ix. Allocation of Academic advisers to Resource Centres x. Appointment of programme specific Desk Officer/Program Coordinator for each programme deployed. 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student- student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course

each programme deployed. 2.4.6 Liaison Offices (Resource Centres) A DL Liaison Office is a facility dedicated for the support of DL students as well as creation of an environment to permit student- student, student-staff and student-resource person interactions, provision of offline e-learning resources as well as reserve for all course materials. Each Liaison Office would also be equipped with video conferencing, library and a common room. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 22 The Liaison Offices shall be administered by an Administrative staff of the ABU DLC and shall host the proposed annual/semester meetings between the relevant Academic Adviser and his/her DL students. An MOU shall be in place with an adjacent CBT Centre to facilitate conduct of semester examinations at the various centres. The geographic distribution of enrollees in the DL programme shall determine the sequence of activation of the Liaison Offices. It is however proposed that there shall be a Liaison Office in each of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. In event of an encouraging international participation, Liaison Offices have also been proposed in the UK, USA, Middle East, Far East and South/East Africa. 2.4.7 ICT Infrastructure i. E- library ii. Video-Conferencing Centre iii. Online Platform/Software (Moodle) 2.5 STUDYING AS A DISTANCE LEARNER Distance learning is designed to offer educational programmes to you in anticipation of your inability to partake in the corresponding on campus study. Often, you will be studying on your own and in your own spare time. You will be working through specially prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a

prepared materials on your own. This is at variance to the on campus situation where you would be expected to comply with a lecture time table. Studying suggests learning and so to learn there must be concentration and diligence. It is not the mere act of sitting down with a book or other reading written material. It is pertinent to develop those study skills that would assist you in studying independently. A. Study Skills i. Listening Skills Listening is an important component of learning. Many of the things that are taught are things you listened to. Some of these are: 1. Listening to the lecturers speaking 2. Listening to audios of the course materials 3. Listening to video tapes/U-tube sites 4. Listening to CD-ROM ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 23 5. Listening to films, radios, TV, etc. Thus, in your study, you need to listen to things that will make you learn. You need concentration while listening. You need to follow the speaker or the medium of transmission of message, while listening. Just as you listen to learn, so also you should learn to listen. ii. Reading One of the most important skills of studying skills is reading. Reading occupies a central place in studying. This is because most of the information we need is stored in books. Thus, to be able to retrieve information that will be learnt, you have to acquire efficient reading ability. Reading skills involve mainly reading to learn. As you must have noticed in your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the

your attempt to list reading components, to be able to read to learn: 1. You must be in control of the material you are reading; 2. You must be able to understand and comprehend the material; 3. You must be able to read with the speed required to complete the volume of things you have to learn; 4. You must be able to read between the lines and beyond the lines; 5. You must be able to apply what you are reading to relevant learning situations; 6. You must be able to read and create new ideas from what you are reading. Reading is an important study skill and component of learning. If you read efficiently, you will learn. Without reading, you cannot learn many things. In studying therefore; i. You must read very well; ii. You must read with concentration; iii. You must read where there are less distractions; iv. You must read and ensure you are learning; and v. you must read and be able to recall what you are learning. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 24 iii. Writing If you read and you are unable to put what you read down for the people to know that you have read, then no reading is done. Reading and writing are thus interrelated skills. Writing involves the ability to put things down in a clear, precise, coherent and effective manner. You must learn to write well, especially during examinations. Of course, you learn to write well by imitating good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking

good writers. And you can only come in contact with good writers by reading widely. iv. Note taking You should be capable of taking notes whenever you are reading. In fact, the more you shorten what you are reading, the more you can get them into your brain. Note taking and making help to shorten a large volume of what you are reading. Therefore, you need the skill of note taking and note making. When studying, 1. Put notes down; 2. Use abbreviations to shorten notes; 3. be consistent in note taking; 4. Let your notes be neat; More than all these, read your notes constantly and revise them. B. How to Study i. Be in the Right Frame of Mind Before you study, you should be in the right frame of mind. You should be calm. Nothing should be worrying you. Psychologically, you should not be under tension, you must be emotionally stable, free from shock of any kind and be highly motivated to study. Socially, you should clear all the social problems of the home, children (if any) or parental care that may stand against proper concentration. Studying demands concentration and you must give this. ii. Have the Right Environment The environment where study takes place must be conducive. It should be clean, inviting, well-organised, pleasant and noiseless. iii. Have the Right Equipment You need certain pieces of equipment for study. Without the right equipment, study will be difficult. The right equipment will make study more appropriate and effective such as: ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 25 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf Some people find it easy

effective such as: ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 25 1. Pen 2. Pencil 3. Paper/note book/file jacket 4. Dictionary 5. Relevant textbooks 6. Tape recorder/cassette 7. Ruler 8. Calculator 9. Computer equipment (if you can afford one) 10. Table and desk 11. Book shelf Some people find it easy to file notes in a folder. If disorganised, files can pose a big problem while you are studying because notes may not be in proper order; some notes may be missing or misplaced. If you know you cannot keep files, why don't you simply buy a notebook? All courses are accompanied with Course Guides (i – viii in your course material) which state all that you need to know about the course such as: 1. Course information 2. Introduction to the course 3. Course aims and objectives 4. Activities involved in the course 5. Assessment modality 6. Suggested time required for study 7. Course structure What to do while Studying 1. Read and understand what you are to study. 2. Form useful notes. 3. Underline important points. 4. Do some practice activities, tasks or exercises to ensure that learning is taking place. 5. Assess yourself periodically by doing what you are learning to do. 6. Relax in between study periods to refresh your brain: this you can do by walking around, chatting a bit, taking a tea break, etc. 7. Always be active when studying; do many things-writing, listening, reading, speaking to yourself, listing, drawing, labelling, etc; activities keep you awake. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 26 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is

awake. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 26 8. Know what you have learnt and what you have not learnt: do not keep on reading what you have learnt as if you have not learnt it. C. Preparing For Examinations One of the most important reasons why we study is to pass examinations. Examinations cannot be tackled successfully without active study activities. i. Start early To pass examinations you have to start studying very early. In fact your first day of lecture should be your first day of preparing for examinations. You should read for the lectures before the lecture and read after the lecture. Put down major points in your jotter in preparation for revision later. ii. Work hard Nothing is achieved without hard work. Do not play with your time. Work consistently hard. Many students pile up their work till the last minute. This is not the best way to prepare for examinations. iii. Read widely Do not just depend on what is in your study pack. Read widely. Read some of the textbooks recommended for you. Listen to the audio recordings and video-recordings of the lecturers prepared for you. iv. Reduce what to study You cannot read and understand all that will be given in notes, hand- outs or textbooks. You need to learn the skills of note taking and note making. The more you sumrnarise and reduce what to learn the better your focus and understanding of the materials to learn for examinations. v. Revise Revise for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be

for all examinations before the exam. Examination time is not the time to read new things or attempt to learn new things. Examination time is the time to revise and put back to memory what you have learnt before. vi. Be familiar with the exam pattern You need to be familiar with the format, the demands and the content of the examination you are preparing for. Get in touch with past question papers. Look for questions that are always set, the one that ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 27 are rarely set and the ones that are not set at all. Study in order of importance of the topics. vii. Be organised Plan your work. Be fully organised during examinations. Be calm. Work according to your plan of study. D. Revision This unit treats a very important aspect of preparing for examinations. This is revising for examinations. Here you will go through specific practice exercises that will train you in the art of revising for examinations. Remember, nobody can train you enough on how to revise. You have to train yourself. The more training you have, the better. You cannot revise for any examination unless you have what to revise. Many students do not know the difference between reading for exams and revising for exams. To read for examinations means to read your notes, study guides, units, textbooks, relevant journals, etc. In reading for examinations, you come in contact with the facts newly. You are learning the facts for the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to

the first time. As you read, you also study the points. In fact, you read by jotting down points in a note form. There are many activities you can do when reading your lecture notes for the first or second time. Below are some of them: 1. You have to skim-read the lecture notes or the textbook to determine what is relevant to be read. 2. You may underline (if the reading materials are yours) important points as you read. By underlining the important points you are actively participating in the reading process. If you just read and do not perform certain activities as you read, you may fall asleep or be tired quickly. You must be active as you read. 3. You must stay active and alert throughout the study/reading time. You should not let any important point or word drift past you. Look out for the most important points and underline them. 4. You may form notes as you go along. To form notes as taught under the Use of English and Communication Skills, you must have headings and sub- headings, be consistent in your numbering, put only points down, use abbreviations where necessary, use colouring, underlining, etc where needed. The notes should always take the form of a summary. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 28 E. Studying Essay-Type Examination This is one of the most important types of examination. Essays usually contain many questions. You may be asked to choose from the questions or may not be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. Some of the essays may require you to:

be given any option. In an essay question, you are required to provide facts about the question. Depending on the type of essay, you may be asked to provide your own opinions. Different types of essay questions demand different kinds of answer. Some of the essays may require you to: 1 Narrate give the events as they happen 2 Describe show the parts of the object or issue 3 Enumerate list 4 Outline present the points in a simple sentence or phrase form 5 Distinguish make distinctions 6 Compare show similarities 7 Contrast show differences 8 Discuss fully expatiate bringing all views and your own 9 Prove provide logical evidence 10 Apply take the situation to another situation 11 Create build something new 12 Imagine present the feeling that is unreal, real 13 Design construct or re-construct 14 Innovate bring new ideas 15 Draw inferences use the situation to bring out another view 16 State present as it is 17 Define give the meaning 18 Elucidate expatiate further 19 Explain make it vivid and clear Dos and Don'ts of Essay Writing during Examinations With the outline ready, you are now confident enough to start writing the examination. Do not waste time on outlining during examination. Remember, it is the essay that will be marked not the outline. Dos 1. Go straight to your point. 2. Give the point and support it with proofs. 3. Link one point with the other, using linking words like: First, second, third, most important, less important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 29 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very

important, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 29 4. Be conscious of time and divide your time well as you treat each point. 5. Start with a captivating introduction, go to the first, second, third, etc. point and draw a very useful, captivating and well-focused conclusion. 6. Mind your language: be brief, clear and direct. Don'ts 1. Do not write irrelevancies. 2. Beware of repetitions. 3. Do not waste time on one point thus having no time for the other points. 4. Do not go astray. 5. Don't be disorganised. Before Submission If you plan your time very well in an essay examination, you will have enough time to go over your work. But in most cases, you are so occupied during the examination that you do not have time to read over your work. F. Studying For Multiple-Choice Examinations You should study for examinations based on the demands of such examinations. Multiple-choice and short-answer types of examination are no exception. Multiple-choice examination is that which requires you to choose from alternatives or options, the correct answer to the question. This kind of examination is often referred to as discrete examination because it usually tests one concept at a time. How to Study for Multiple-choice Examination In studying for multiple-choice examination, you need to know the major points of what you are to study. In most of our textbooks, the major point or the main technical term or word is italicised or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 30 During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not,

or produced in bold print. For example, in the passage under discussion, some words may be made bold, italicised or underlined to show that they are important. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 30 During a Multiple-choice Examination 1. Be careful: Read the questions carefully. Sometimes the words like not, only, but, through, off', etc may make a big difference. You may miss the answer if your attention is not drawn to these words. 2. Eliminate obviously wrong answers: Some answers are obviously wrong. Eliminate these first. Then think more deeply on the options (or detractors) that are very close. 3. Follow the instructions: Sometimes you may require shading, ticking (P), or underlining the correct answer; if you do not do what you are asked to do, your paper may be disqualified. G. The Examination Day The examination day is perhaps the most important day. You need to be well composed, confident and determined to succeed. Here are some suggestions you may wish to consider on the examination day. 1. Read and fully understand the examination regulations 2. Be sure of the time and venue of the examination (useful to reconfirm a day before the examination). 3. Revise the facts quickly some hours to the examination. 4. Read the examination questions very well. Follow all instructions including the number of questions to answer. 5. Divide your time very well. Do not spend time on one or two questions at the expense of other questions. 6. Read over your work before submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated

submission. 7. Be sure you write the particulars of yourself as demanded by the examination regulations. Write this first. You may forget to do so later on. 8. Answer the question in a clear, correct and well-structured language. Be well organised in your presentation. 9. Neatness, legible handwriting and well-collated examination papers are necessary and should be done. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 31 2.6 WAIVER AND DEFERMENT GUIDELINES Application Procedure: Waiver 1. Application for waiver should be addressed to the Director DLC via the ABU support mail (support@abudlc.edu.ng) This should state justifications for request, relevant subject for waiver and earlier courses offered. 2. Payment of waiver fee of N20,000 ($60)/course requested for waiver and attachment of proof of payment (scanned slip)/payment details for electronic transfers. If course registration has been done, no additional fee is paid. 3. Processing and transmission of transcript by e-mail and later the original hard copy. 4. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. *In event of securing waivers, registration of higher level courses only permissible in October Semester. Alongside other Courses, maximum permissible load is 24CU while minimum is 09CU. Deferment: A. Course deferment: could be made at any time in the semester. 1. The portal for deferment is abudlc-edu.com. 2. If registration for course has not been made, payment of N20,000 ($60)/ course for deferment and transmission of proof of payment(scanned slip)/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Consideration of application and transmission of response to applicant. B. Examination deferment: application must be forwarded at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . 1. Ditto ABU Distance Learning Student

application must be forwarded at least 2 weeks before commencement of the semester examination. 1. Ditto A 2. Ditto A but N20,000($60)/course is paid. 3. Ditto A C. Semester or Session deferment: could be made only after registration for the semester / session . 1. Ditto ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 32 2. Ditto: N20,000 ($60) deferment of semester and N40,000 ($120) deferment of entire session 3. Ditto D. Examination Rectification 1. Application of rectification within 2weeks of release of result stating justification. 2. Attach evidence of payment (scanned slip) of N20,000 ($60)/course/ payment details for electronic transfers. 3. Response to request shall be made within 7 days of closing acceptance of applications. * Payments for waivers/deferments/transcript/statement of result/examination rectification to be in Account: AcctName: ABU Microfinance Bank, AcctNo.: 1016508300, Bank: Zenith Bank. At ABU Distance Learning Centre you are assured of: 1. Flexibility in fee payment (Full or in Instalments); admission; registration & examination (period & venues); duration of study; learning platforms (Hard copies/book; Electronic copies, lecture videos and Audio versions) & programme transfer (on-campus to Distance learning): - Fees are paid on a per subject basis, your purse and available study time are determinants to number of courses registered. - You are at liberty to join us in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd semester – whichever is more convenient for you. - Admission & Registration processes are online, you may however be required to present your credentials at the nearest Liaison Office for screening, foreign students are to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New

to scan and forward their credentials for remote screening but originals must be sighted at the nearest Nigerian Embassy. - ABU DLC Semester examinations are held in Zaria, Abuja, Lagos Sokoto, Gombe, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, Makurdi, Birnin Kebbi, Minna, UK (London), and UAE (Dubai). Maiduguri, Yola, US (New York) and KSA (Jeddah) soon to be activated. You are thus at liberty to select your examination venue. - Students are also grouped (for examinations) into weekday and weekend groups, you are also at liberty to choose which is more convenient for you. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 33 - You are at liberty to extend your study period (twice the advertised duration) or fast track it by participating in the 3rd Semesters. - You are given 4 study options to choose the preferred study mode you are most inclined to (hard copies, e-copies, Audio and videos). - On campus students facing challenges with keeping up on campus are at liberty to transfer their studies to the Distance Learning option. 2. Same curriculum and certificate as on campus students @ completion of studies: - Your admission, study and graduation requirements are similar to the corresponding on campus programme. - On graduation, you shall be issued the same certificate as on campus students, signed by the Vice Chancellor and Registrar of the University. 3. Work and learn with no need to commute or relocate: - Relocating to or frequently commuting to and from Zaria is not required, you may however be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme.

be a frequent visitor (if it’s convenient for you). - You can thus maintain your job/business while earning a degree. - You have a ‘head start’ over your mates since you can commence business/vocation while still in school and you are also not expected to participate in the NYSC programme. 4. Stable Academic calendar; Secure and stable online activities via remote Server - 24/7: - ABU DLC staff are independent of the University hence there are NO STRIKES and you are guaranteed of timely graduation. - Our externally hosted server guarantees stable and seamless online presence, you can thus access our website, portal and other online resources 24/7. 5. Electronic delivery/”classroom” using any computer device (tablet/i-pad, smart phone, laptop or desktop) to improve interaction and IT competency: - Our courseware (e-text, audio and videos) are adaptable for use on desktops, laptops, notebooks, tablets and smartphones. - Our courseware shall be available online (Learning Management System) and offline (drives). ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 34 6. Robust learning support: Telephone helplines, e-mail, Skype, Webinar/Video conferencing & e-library services: - Telephone and e mail helplines are available to you 24/7. - Telephone and e mail access to Academic Advisers, IT attaches, Guidance and Counselling staff as well as your e-tutors shall be made available to you. - Well stocked online e-library services are available for your use while offline e-libraries are available in Zaria and our liaison offices in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna and Sokoto. - Skype/videoconferencing facilitation of seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure

seminar and project defences ensure you are not left out of similar on campus activities. 7. A two week per semester optional on campus tutorial session or alternative participation by Webinar is available: - Although on campus optional tutorials shall be held at the end of each semester, to ensure your participation, all sessions shall be streamed life to ensure remote participation, you can forward your questions and listen to your tutors address them in real time wherever you are, you can also view at your convenience since all sessions are recorded and available on our Facebook page.. 8. Developing the Business Skill in you – “Business Skill Acquisition” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your capacity to be successful upon graduation, it comprises of a taught component, apprenticeship and a reading component. 9. Developing the Leader in you – “Motivational Leadership” : - This compulsory elective course is to develop or improve your leadership capacity is available to all PG students, it comprises of a taught component and a reading component. 10. Chance to interact with your Vice Chancellor and other Principal University and Distance Learning Centre Officers; world-class tutors by webinar/video conferencing as well as Learning from diverse and experienced internationally acclaimed tutors/lecturers: ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 35 - Whereas you shall be having frequent online interactions with the DLC Management, an occasional interaction with key management staff of the university would be arranged. - Guest tutors/speakers shall be occasionally invited to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most

to interact with you online. 11. Extending support to your doorstep by a system of Resource Centres/Liaison Offices: - To enhance the quality of support for our learners, Liaison offices have been established in Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto, Gombe, Minna, Kano and Kaduna (others coming up soon). - Most services can be rendered to you at these Centres. - A provision for you to study or meet with fellow students shall also be made at these Centres. 12. Our programmes can be undertaken concurrently with other University Certificate, Diploma, UG or PG programmes: - Universally, distance learners can participate in other on campus programmes independent of their status in DLC, this provision is also available to you. = For this Lifetime Learning Experience or to learn more about us, visit www.abudlc.edu.ng OR register.abudlc.edu.ng “With us, Learning is a Pleasure, not an ordeal” ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 36 PART III POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA MANAGEMENT (PGDM) ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 37 3. 1 OVERVIEW The Distance Learning Centre (DLC) has established academic requirements that apply to all students working towards a Post Graduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) that are consistent with the standards set by the National University Commission (NUC). These requirements reflect the Centre’s commitment to a broad-based quality education. The main components of this programme are: (a) Core Curricular; in which students concentrate their studies and receive degrees. (b) Research project designed to provide students with the opportunity to undertake independent research and report on an acceptable management problem area and related issues and to develop the ability to express their ideas in an organized form. 3.1.2 Mission of the Programme To provide high quality graduates capable meeting academic and professional challenges, providing services to the nation through IT-driven learning and research that meet the

an acceptable management problem area and related issues and to develop the ability to express their ideas in an organized form. 3.1.2 Mission of the Programme To provide high quality graduates capable meeting academic and professional challenges, providing services to the nation through IT-driven learning and research that meet the demands of 21st century management. 3.1.3 Philosophy of the Programme The philosophy of the Postgraduate Diploma in Management programme is to provide basic and remedial training in Management for the purpose of preparing students for higher studies as well as for managerial positions in the private and public sectors of the economy. 3.1.4 Aims and Objectives of the Programme The aims and objectives of the programme are to: i. Develop the competency of students in understanding the basic principles and concepts in Management and utilizing them in practice irrespective of gender, race, location and in flexible manner; ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 38 ii. Equip students with basic knowledge and techniques of managerial problem-solving and decision-making relevant to both the private and public sector organizations; and iii. Provide critical manpower in the area of Management needed for national development. 3.2 ADMISSION, MATRICULATION AND GRADUATION 3.2.1 Admission Requirements The criteria for admission into the PGDM programme will be as follows: i. O/Level Requirements: Minimum of Five (5) credits in WAEC, NECO, NABTEB, GCE, SSCE, including English and Mathematics; and ii. Higher National Diploma (HND) from recognized Polytechnic with minimum of lower credit; or iii. Holders of any degree other than in business or management from recognized University with minimum of third class. 3.2.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be

in business or management from recognized University with minimum of third class. 3.2.2 Matriculation All students entering the university for the first time to undergo the first year of their programme will be required to matriculate at a formal ceremony presided over by the Vice Chancellor. The ceremony shall be held at the Main Campus. The Director of DLC will present students for matriculation, whilst the Registrar/representative reads out the Matriculation Oath viz “I solemnly undertake and swear to observe and respect the previous of the Ahmadu Bello University Law and Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations lawfully made there under, which are now in force and which shall from time to time be brought into force” All new students are expected to have signed the Matriculation Oath during the registration process. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 39 3.2.3 Duration of the Programme The duration of the PGDM programme is for a minimum of two semesters. 3.2.4 Graduation Requirements of the Programme To be eligible for the award of PGDM certificate, the student must register and pass a minimum of 30 credit units made up 26credit units of core courses and 4credit units of research project. And a minimum CGPA of 3.00 is required for graduation. S/No. Status of Course Credit Unit (CU) No. of Courses Total Credit Unit 1 Core Courses 2 13 2 x 13 = 26 2 Research Project 4 1 4 x 1 = 4 30 3.3 PROGRAMME DELIVERY, COUNSELLING AND ASSESSMENT 3.3.1 Programme Delivery Delivery of instruction on the Distance Learning platform is based on the open distance and e-learning spirit of flexibility, convenience, accessibility and quality. Therefore, the following are used to reach out to the students: i. Activity-based structured study. ii. Availability of comprehensive course materials in hard copy (printed version). iii. Availability of

instruction on the Distance Learning platform is based on the open distance and e-learning spirit of flexibility, convenience, accessibility and quality. Therefore, the following are used to reach out to the students: i. Activity-based structured study. ii. Availability of comprehensive course materials in hard copy (printed version). iii. Availability of comprehensive course materials in electronic format (online and offline). iv. Video recording of lectures on different devices. v. Links to electronic libraries on different devices. 3.3.2 Guidance and Counselling Guidance and counselling assist students with both academic and personal matters where possible. The guidance and counselling unit of Ahmadu Bello University Distance Learning Centre assist ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 40 students with issues relating to registration, examination, general academic issues and personal matters as well. 3.3.3 Assessment Modalities i. Response to Individual Assignment - 20% ii. Response to Quizzes/Topical Discussions - 10% iii. Response to Discussion Forum - 10% iv. Semester Examinations* - 60% Total - 100% NOTE:*CBT & Essay Examinations will be taken at CBT based accredited centres of candidate’s choice. 3.4 ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 3.4.1 Grading Scale Semester grades are calculated as Grade Point Averages (GPA) on the basis of A B C and F, which are equivalent to 5, 4, 3 and 0 Grade Points (GP) respectively. The minimum pass mark is 50% with letter grade “C” is required in all the registered courses. In order to obtain an overall pass in the examinations in any semester of study, a student is required to maintain a GPA of at least 3.00 to be in good academic standing. Students’ with less than 3.00 GPA shall remain in the programme for the 1st semester but shall be withdrawn if he/she fails to attain 3.00 CGPA at the end of the second semester. Hence, a minimum CGPA of

a GPA of at least 3.00 to be in good academic standing. Students’ with less than 3.00 GPA shall remain in the programme for the 1st semester but shall be withdrawn if he/she fails to attain 3.00 CGPA at the end of the second semester. Hence, a minimum CGPA of 3.00 is required for graduation. SCORE GRADE CREDIT/GRADE POINT 70-100 A 5 60-69 B 4 50-59 C 3 0-49 F 0 The following abbreviations are very important and are define thus: CUR (Credit Units Registered) = Sum of credit units of all the courses registered in a semester. CUE (Credit Unit Earned) = Sum of credit units of all courses passed in a semester. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 41 TCUR (Total Credit Units Registered) = Sum of credit units of all courses registered from the first year of the programme to a particular semester under consideration. TCUE (Total Credit Units Earned) = The sum of credit units of all the courses passed from the first year of the programme to a particular semester under consideration. WGP (Weighted Grade Point) = The product of the grade point in a semester multiplied by the number of credit units. GPA (Grade Point Average) = Credit points divided by credit units earned in a semester. CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average) = Total weighted point scored divided by the TCUR. 3.4.2 Students’ Academic Performance Computation Example: Suppose a student has the following results in the First and Second Semester ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 42 First Semester COURSE SCORES GRADE POINT CREDIT UNITS CREDIT POINTS BUAD 710 51 3 2 6 BUAD 711 53 3 2 6 BUAD 712 75 5 2 10 BUAD 713 57 3 2 6 BUAD 714 65 4 2 8 The GPA for the Semester is: Total

Handbook (PGDM) 42 First Semester COURSE SCORES GRADE POINT CREDIT UNITS CREDIT POINTS BUAD 710 51 3 2 6 BUAD 711 53 3 2 6 BUAD 712 75 5 2 10 BUAD 713 57 3 2 6 BUAD 714 65 4 2 8 The GPA for the Semester is: Total Credit Points = 36 = 3.60 Credit Units Earned 10 Second Semester COURSE SCORES GRADE POINT CREDIT UNITS CREDIT POINTS BUAD 720 75 5 2 10 BUAD 721 60 4 2 8 BUAD 722 70 5 2 10 BUAD 723 53 3 2 6 BUAD 724 52 326 10 40 The GPA for the Second Semester is: 40 = 4.00 10 Therefore, the CGPA of the Student is: The Previous Total Credit Points + Present Credit Points The Previous TCUR + Present CUR CGPA = 36 + 40 = 3.80 10 + 10 ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 43 3.4.3 Post Graduate Diploma Management (PGDM) Classification The determination of the PGDM class shall be based on the Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) earned at the end of the programme as follows: Classification CGPA Distinction 4.50- 5.00 Upper Credit 4.00- 4.49 Lower Credit 3.50- 3.99 Merit 3.00- 3.49 Fail 0.00- 2.99 3.5 PGDM COURSE STRUCTURE 3.5.1 Course Structure in PGDM Programme The PGDM programme requires a minimum of 30 credit units made up as follows:  Thirteen core courses (2 credit unit each) 26 units  Research Project 4 units  Total 30 units Core Courses Credit Units Principles of Management 2 Principles of Accounting 2 Introduction to Public Administration 2 Fundamentals of Marketing 2 Principles of Finance 2 Principles of Micro Economics 2 Principles of Macro Economics 2 Human Resource Management 2 Computer in Organizations 2 Business Mathematics 2 Business Statistics 2 Research Methodology 2 Global Economic Environment 2

Management 2 Principles of Accounting 2 Introduction to Public Administration 2 Fundamentals of Marketing 2 Principles of Finance 2 Principles of Micro Economics 2 Principles of Macro Economics 2 Human Resource Management 2 Computer in Organizations 2 Business Mathematics 2 Business Statistics 2 Research Methodology 2 Global Economic Environment 2 Research Project 4 (All courses are compulsory) ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 44 First Semester Course Code Course Title Credit Unit Status BUAD 711 Principles of Management 2 Core BUAD 713 Principles of Accounting 2 Core BUAD 715 Principles of Micro Economics 2 Core BUAD 717 Fundamentals of Marketing 2 Core BUAD 719 Principles of Finance 2 Core BUAD 721 Business Mathematics 2 Core BUAD 723 Research Methodology 2 Core Total Credit Unit 14 Second Semester Course Code Course Title Credit Unit Status BUAD 712 Introduction to Public Administration 2 Core BUAD 714 Principles of Macro Economics 2 Core BUAD 716 Human Resource Management 2 Core BUAD 718 Computers in Organisation 2 Core BUAD 720 Business Statistics 2 Core BUAD 722 Global Economic Environment 2 Core BUAD 724 Research Project 4 Core Total Credit Unit 16 3.5.2 Courses Description/Synopsis BUAD 711: Principles of Management (2 Credit Unit) The development of Management thought; theories and models of management; the manager and his environment; organization structure and relationships; leadership and motivation; organization development, the management functions and procedures; planning; organizing; directing; controlling etc. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 45 BUAD 713: Principles of Accounting (2 Credit Unit) This course deals with the underlying theory of double entry book keeping. Topics include: the nature, scope and purpose of accounting, theories and mechanics of double entry, book- keeping statements, fixed accounts, funds flow statements, account of not-for-profit organizations, incomplete records. BUAD 712: Introduction to Public Administration (2 Credit Unit) The course focuses

with the underlying theory of double entry book keeping. Topics include: the nature, scope and purpose of accounting, theories and mechanics of double entry, book- keeping statements, fixed accounts, funds flow statements, account of not-for-profit organizations, incomplete records. BUAD 712: Introduction to Public Administration (2 Credit Unit) The course focuses on the emergence of public administration; problems of organization, the bureaucratic phenomenon and social change. The basics of public policy formulation and implementation processes by bureaucracies; accountability and efficiency in public administration. BUAD 717: Fundamentals of Marketing (2 Credit Unit) This course focuses on the appreciation of functions and channels of marketing and its role in the corporate environment. Major elements of marketing strategy in relation to product development; distribution channels; advertising, sales promotion and pricing are examined in detail. BUAD 719: Principles of Finance (2 Credit Unit) This provides a systematic and vigorous examination of the theoretical framework of financial/investment management analysis. Main topics include: The economic theory of choice: investment decision and appraisal techniques, financial requirements planning, working capital management, financial ratio, dividend decision, cash budgeting, fixed assets and equity management funds flow statement, and emphasis on financial markets. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 46 BUAD 715: Principles of Micro-Economics (Credit Unit) Economics system and organization, demand and supply, individual consumer behaviour, the utility and indifference curve approaches. Market classifications, the principles of production, the firm and perfect competition, pure monopoly, monopolistic and oligopolistic competitions, pricing and employment of resources. BUAD 714: Principles of Macro-Economics (2 Credit Unit) The emphasis in this course is on the macro, or aggregative aspect the economy. Topics include National Income Account; the Determination of the Level of Aggregate Output, Employment and Prices; the Monetary System: Monetary and Fiscal Policies; Economic Growth; and International Monetary Economics. BUAD 716: Human Resource Management (2

Unit) The emphasis in this course is on the macro, or aggregative aspect the economy. Topics include National Income Account; the Determination of the Level of Aggregate Output, Employment and Prices; the Monetary System: Monetary and Fiscal Policies; Economic Growth; and International Monetary Economics. BUAD 716: Human Resource Management (2 Credit Unit) Topics to be addressed in this course include Nature and scope of HRM; strategies and management practices in manpower planning; staffing; human resource planning; human resource training and development; performance measurement and management, career planning and employee welfare; compensation designs and reward management. BUAD 718: Computers in Organization (2 Credit Unit) This course explains the why and how of computers, the use of computers in business and other organizations; Data transmission, nature, speed and error detection. It also examines systems analysis and design, the programming process; problem definition, flow charting and decision table. BUAD 721: Business Mathematics (2 Credit Unit) Topics in this include: Revision of basic algebra; set theory; permutations and contributions; annuity, cash flow; functions and functional relationship; analysis of marginal utility and ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 47 integral calculus; partial and total derivatives. In discussing these topics, emphasis will be on their specific relevance to business/management contents. BUAD 720: Business Statistics (2 Credit Unit) This course covers basic concepts in descriptive and inferential statistics and their use in empirical research. BUAD 722: Global Economic Environment (2 Credit Unit) Topics to be treated include Nigeria and the global economy, the implications of the free market economy on business; governments, consumers, and labour, strategic aspects of international trade, globalization and international institutions; multilateral negotiations; lessons from the Asian tigers. BUAD 723: Research Methodology (2 Credit Unit) The objective of this course is to introduce the students to scientific enquiry through gathering and analysis of relevant

market economy on business; governments, consumers, and labour, strategic aspects of international trade, globalization and international institutions; multilateral negotiations; lessons from the Asian tigers. BUAD 723: Research Methodology (2 Credit Unit) The objective of this course is to introduce the students to scientific enquiry through gathering and analysis of relevant data. BUAD 724: Research Project (4 Credit Unit) This is not a class taught course. Research Project is mandatory to all graduating students of the programme. It is one of the requirements for graduation. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 48 APPENDIX 1: EXAMINATION POLICY AND GUIDELINES 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PREAMBLE The need to commence Distance Learning in ABU has been a product of internal demands initiated by the School of Postgraduate Studies as well external agitations by some alumni as exemplified at the 50th anniversary by Mallam Adamu Fika in his lead paper to mark ABU’s golden jubilee where he said “ABU should consider developing an effective Distance Learning System that deploys modern communication facilities and online tutorial to impact functional knowledge to the millions who may not be able to enroll on its regular campus- based programmes”. 1.2 DLC LAW AND STATUTE The Senate of the Ahmadu Bello University approved the ‘ABU Open and Distance Learning Policy’ and establishment of the Distance Learning Centre at its 458th meeting held on 28th March 2013). The ratification of this earlier approval by the Governing Council of Ahmadu Bello University was effected through Statute 28 (2016). 1.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR DLC EXAMINATION POLICY 1) The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2) Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 49 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments;

POLICY 1) The uniqueness of distance education has made the existing University Examination regulation incomprehensive. 2) Compliance with NUC regulations requiring all key activities to be ratified by the corresponding university authority. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 49 2.0 EXAMINATION VENUES Whereas continuous assessment examinations (individual and group assignments; Forum discussions) shall be undertaken using the relevant e-Learning tool, all Semester Examinations shall be supervised examinations as stipulated by the guidelines of the National Universities Commission. Examinations shall be held in all 3 semesters (January, May and September Semesters) in secured facilities within or outside Nigeria (preferably, Nigerian Embassies) as dictated by the distribution of Distance Learning students. In all such Centres a minimum of one supervisor for every 50 students shall be made while a Supervisor (Senior Academic from the Ahmadu Bello University – preferably a relevant Head of Department) shall oversee the examinations in each Centre. CCTV monitoring and recording of the examinations shall be undertaken in all examinations within Nigeria. 2.1 NIGERIAN STUDENTS Examinations shall be held only in JAMB accredited CBT Centres (preferably Universities) where the minimum security and technological requirements have been earlier certified. One or more such facilities in each of the six geopolitical zones of the Nigeria shall be used as venues for semester examinations. 2.2 INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS Students not resident in Nigeria at inception of their students or who revert to an international student status shall partake in their semester examination in the nearest Nigerian Embassy (with a minimum of 10 students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 50 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by

students) under the supervision of the Education Attaché (less than 20 students or a Senior Academic Staff (preferably a HOD) where the number of students exceed 20. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 50 3.0 PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATIONS 1. Printing of master list of registered students shall be done by Examination Unit and distributed to various Heads of programmes six (6) weeks before the commencement of the Semester examinations. 2. Tentative time table for examination shall be ready six weeks to examination while a definite time table shall be ready four weeks to examination. 3. Registration of students for semester examination on the portal, where students select their examination venue, schedule (weekdays or weekend) and courses to be written, shall be completed two weeks before commencement of the semester examination. Once selected, the venue or schedule cannot be changed 4. All requests for deferment of examinations (en-bloc) must be concluded at least 2 weeks to the commencement of the corresponding semester examination. 5. Generation and mailing of Vigicode (examination card) or other IT based identification shall be done two weeks to the semester examination. 6. Distribution/mailing of Examination Regulations to all staff/students by the Heads of programmes for compliance shall take place three weeks before commencement of semester examination. 7. Funds approved to facilitate the conduct of examinations shall always be released by mid semester. 8. Examination venues in the six (6) Geopolitical zones shall be in established JAMB Certified institutions. 9. Examination for international students/diaspora shall be supervised in the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 51 4.0 ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All

the corresponding Nigerian Embassy. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 51 4.0 ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS 1. Whereas Continuous Assessment (CA) examinations shall be essay type (individual & group assignments as well as forum/topical discussions); semester examinations shall be blended and to be held in multiple venues as deemed adequate. 2. All examination questions shall be dispatched to external examination venues on the day of the examination in an encrypted form. 3. Semester examinations shall be held in each of the three (3) semesters in every session. 4. Examination timelines: a. All examination questions and marking schemes are to be forwarded to the Programme Coordinator by e- tutors within four weeks of the semester. b. All examination questions are to be internally and externally moderated within 4-8 weeks of commencement of each semester c. All examination questions shall be ready and deposited with the Examination Officer four weeks to the examination. d. A pool of MCQ and Essay type questions shall be developed for each course. 5. Any student who defers any semester examinations shall only be permitted to re-take the said examination in the 3rd Semester for a fee. 6. All Chief invigilators at Examination venues shall be sent examination questions in the morning of the date for the examination, however prior configurations of the CBT system and questions (with dummy questions) shall be completed a day before commencement of the examination. 7. All invigilators shall be at the venue of the each examination two hours to the beginning of each examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 52 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations.

examination. Biometric accreditation of students into the examination hall must commence two hours to the examination. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 52 8. Semester examinations shall not last for more than three weeks. 9. Internal (Programme Examiners Committee) moderation/consideration of results must be done two four weeks after examinations. 10. DLC Board of Examiners shall meet 5 weeks after the last day of the examinations to consider the results and make recommendations to the DLC Academic Board which shall meet within the next 1 week. 11. Semester examination results shall be forwarded to Senate for approval, six weeks after the last day of the examinations for Undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate examination results shall be forwarded to the Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies. 12. Semester Examination result shall be forwarded to the Examination Officer immediately the examinations are concluded while all CA results shall be forwarded prior to the commencement of Semester examinations. 13. There shall be no resit examination for failure in any examination, the course credit system require such course to be carried over to another semester. 5.0 APPOINTMENT OF EXTERNAL/INTERNAL MODERATORS/EXAMINERS 1. Appointment of external and internal Moderators/Examiners shall be forwarded to Senate for consideration and approval four weeks after commencement of academic session. 2. The Centre shall inform Senate in her submission the number of terms the external examiners they recommended had served. External Examiners shall serve for a maximum of three sessions at a stretch. 3. Appointment and approval of Internal and External Examiners for Postgraduate programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 53 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the

programmes shall be in compliance with ‘ABU Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies’ ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 53 6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS, 1. Candidates must attend punctually at the times scheduled for their examinations, and must be at the venue of the examination two hours before the time the examination is due to start. Candidates arriving more than half an hour after the examination has started shall not be allowed to participate in the examination, or may be admitted only at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator (i.e. provided the cause(s) of lateness by the student are reasonable, cogent and sufficiently convincing). 2. Except with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator/Supervisor, candidates may not leave the examination hall during the first and last half hour of the examination. Outside those periods, candidates with the permission of the invigilator, may leave the room temporarily, and then only if accompanied. 3. Candidates must display their Examination cards/print out of Vigicode during each examination and no writing of any form on the printout shall be condoned. 4. Candidates must bring with them to the examination hall their own pens and pencils and any materials which may be permitted by these regulations, but they are not allowed to bring any other book or paper. Candidates are warned, in their own interest, to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, bags, mobile telephones, etc. are not brought into the examination hall. Answer booklets/Plain sheets shall be provided whenever indicated. 5. Candidates shall be searched by the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination

the Invigilator before they are allowed into the examination hall. 6. While the examination is in progress, communication between candidates is strictly forbidden, and any candidate found to be giving or receiving assistance shall be deemed to have committed an examination irregularity. 7. Silence must be observed in the examination hall. The only permissible way of attracting the attention of the ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 54 invigilator is by the candidate raising his/her/her hand for recognition. 8. Candidates shall use their Registration Numbers only, throughout all Examinations 9. Every necessary precaution shall be taken including physical search before candidate leaves or returns to the examination room/hall. 10. There is a No Smoking Policy in all Examination venues/Resource Centres during examinations. 11. Candidates are informed that a First Aid Box is provided in the examination hall, and medical attention can be obtained if necessary. 12. All rough work must be done in the sheets of paper provided by invigilators for the purpose of rough work. Any other paper brought in will be confiscated and candidate penalized. 13. A student involved in examination misconduct or malpractice shall be penalised as dictated by the University Examination Regulations. 14. Candidates must adhere strictly to the sitting arrangement put in place, which has been configured automatically by the CBT system. 15. To improve the objectivity of examination results, the DLC shall put in place a “Double Marking” programme. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 55 7.0 CONSEQUENCES FOR FAILING TO WRITE EXAMINATIONS 1. Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment. 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake

Students have the right to defer writing a semester examination until the third semester (for a fee), however such student must duly apply for such deferment. 2. Students who fail to write the examination without permission shall be made to carry over the course. 3. Students who fail to partake in 2 consecutive Semester examinations (without deferment) are deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn from the programme. 4. Students who fail to write any semester examination due to circumstances such as medical and or security engagements shall be allowed to re-write such an examination at a later time. 8.0 ACADEMIC MONITORING/QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. There shall be a monitoring mechanism for all examinations. 2. Online Programme Assessment Forms shall be made available to DLC students at the end of each of the three semesters in a session to assess the programmes (content, delivery, e-tutors and support). 9.0 RESEARCH WORK AND PROJECT, DISSERTATION AND THESIS MANAGEMENT 1. All research projects by students shall conform to the standard University practice. 2. Management of Project reports, Dissertations and Thesis shall be in conformity with the subsisting ‘Regulations Governing Higher Degree Studies in ABU’. 10.0 DUTIES OF INVIGILATORS There shall be adequate number of invigilators in any examination venue (minimum of 1 invigilator/50 students). Each of the venues shall be supervised by a DLC Deputy ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 56 Director; DLC Academic Adviser for the Geopolitical Zone or a Head of Department. 1. Arrive at the venue of Examination at least 1 hour before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books,

before the session commences 2. Shall inspect the Identity and Admission cards of candidates before admission into the examination room/hall. 3. Ensure compliance to all schedules and time restrictions by students. 4. Ensure that items not relevant to the examination are not allowed in the examination room such as books, bags, mobile phones, programmable calculators, palm top computers, mini scanners etc. 5. Confiscate such items and report on such matters to the Chief Invigilator. 6. Ensure that borrowing of any item or removal of examination materials does not occur. 7. Ensure that under no circumstances are candidates left without supervision 8. Should occasionally move around the examinations hall/room. 9. Ensure that candidates caught in breach of Examination Regulations are allowed to continue with the examination but the breach immediately documented. 10. Present a written report on any incident with exhibits to the Examinations Officer/Chief Invigilator. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 57 11.0 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE 1. All malpractice cases shall be treated in conformity with established University regulations. 2. The DLC Academic Board shall establish an ERIC committee to conduct all preliminary investigations 3. Examination malpractice shall be deemed to have been committed when any of the following has been established: i. Impersonation/attempted impersonation at a CA or Semester Examination ii. Plagiarism of other works, applicable to all assignments (CA) and Project iii. Subletting/conscripting anyone to in parts or wholly undertake an assignment or examination on the student’s behalf. iv. Copying from other during center examination v. Tampering/Attempted tampering of/with examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 58 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 OFFENCE BY STUDENTS (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: 1. Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of

examination grades vi. Introduction of foreign materials (Including Phones) into examination hall/room ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 58 12.0 SANCTIONS 12.1 OFFENCE BY STUDENTS (A) Expulsion The following offences shall carry the punishment of expulsion for breach of Matriculation Oath: 1. Impersonation at Examination shall involve the exchange of examination numbers or names, intentional use of someone else’s name and/or registration number while registering online for the examination 2. Introduction of relevant foreign materials and cheat notes into Examination Hall. 3. Exchange of relevant materials/information in Examination Hall which may involve collaboration/copying from each other or copying from cheat notes. 4. Consulting cheat notes outside the Examination Hall in the course of the examination. 5. Facilitating/abetting cheating during examination. 6. Use of mobile phones (GSM) text messages and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets during examinations. 7. Life threatening assault to an invigilator, examination officer or any constituted authority with evidence. 8. Willful destruction of exhibit (foreign material or cheat note) in the examination hall on the suspicion or on arrest for committing examination malpractice. 9. Solicitation for marks or change of grades from the examiner or examination officer. 10. Hacking or attempted hacking into sites containing materials/information relevant to examinations. ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 59 (B) Rustication for One Academic Year The following offences shall carry the punishment of rustication for one session 1. Non-submission or incomplete submission of answer scripts (where applicable) 2. Introduction of non-relevant materials to the Examination Hall. 3. Non-appearance at the Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) 4. If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. 5. Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. 6. Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or

Examination Irregulars and Malpractices Committee (ERIC) 4. If a student refuses to appear after first year of rustication, it is then implied as self- withdrawal. 5. Introduction of mobile phone(s) and/or other such communication or electronic gadgets to examination hall. 6. Any student that insults an invigilator, examination officer or any other constituted authority during examinations 7. Introduction of fake examination card/ print out of Vigicode in the examination hall. (C) Written Warning The following offences shall attract a written warning i) Speaking/Conversation during examinations. ii) Unruly behaviour in the examination hall that does not affect the conduct of the examination. 12.2 OFFENCES INVOLVING STAFF 1. Any act of commission or omission amounting to examination malpractice e.g. loss of students’ scripts, continuous assessments or project records, alteration of marks etc. by a member of staff shall be referred to the corresponding Staff Disciplinary Committee for appropriate sanctions. 2. Non ABU staff engaged as adjunct staff for the purpose of any examination shall be required to endorse a document agreeing to be subjected to an appropriate ABU Distance Learning Student Handbook (PGDM) 60 legal/disciplinary action as appropriate for the circumstance e.g. police investigation and possible prosecution. 13.0 MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION RESULTS 1. Tentative results shall only be made available to students after its approval by the DLC Academic Board subject to ratification by the Senate. 2. Students shall be able to view their results (copy only) via the LMS, SMS/text or via other secure online options. 3. An Exam checker shall be in place for students to access their results and forward complaints (should the need arise). 4. Students are at liberty to apply for rectification (remarking) of their results for a fee. 5. Students can request for and view their scripts (for a fee) in event they are dissatisfied with